Transformations of Feynman path integrals and generalized densities of Feynman pseudomeasures

Applications of transformations of Feynman path integrals and Feynman pseudomeasures to explain arising quantum anomalies are considered. A contradiction in the literature is also explained

Expansión del rango de la paloma coroniblanca columba leucocephala al territorio continental de Colombia

Entre las 32 especies de la familia Columbidae anotadas para Colombia, Hilty and amp; Brown (1986) incluyeron a la Paloma Coroniblanca Columba leucocephala L. como restringida al archipiélago de San Andrés y Providencia. Esta especie, de amplia distribución en las Antillas, ha sido registrada en algunas islas continentales o localidades costeras en el sur de la Florida, Costa Rica y Panamá (Bond 1950, 1961, Wetmore 1968, Stiles and amp; Skutch 1989). En Colombia C leucocephala fue encontrada en las islas de San Bernardo, a menos de 30 km del litoral Caribe del Departamento de Sucre (9° 40'Norte, 75° 45'Oeste) en 1980 y 1981 por Moreno and amp; López (1982), hallazgo que no fue reseñado en la literatura ornitológica de amplia circulación. En esta nota formalizamos la ampliación del rango geográfico de esta especie al territorio continental colombiano, agregando registros adicionales recientes

Germinal matrix hemorrhage: can be detected effectively

La hemorragia de la matriz germinal corresponde a un evento cerebrovascular originado en sus vasos sanguíneos, es prevalente en los prematuros y es la primera causa de mortalidad infantil en Ecuador; su inadecuado diagnóstico tiene un importante impacto en el neurodesarrollo de los prematuros y puede generar secuelas graves que pueden ser mayores conforme al grado de prematuridad, especialmente en prematuros con un peso de 500 a 750 g al nacimiento. Una de las principales herramientas para diagnosticar la hemorragia de la matriz es el ultrasonido transfontanelar que es fundamental en la detección y manejo temprano la situación, se debe considerar que requiere de un radiólogo experimentado para identificar e interpretar los hallazgos. Los factores de riesgo asociados son: la edad gestacional, el peso bajo al nacer, la puntuación baja del test de Apgar, la acidosis y la asfixia neonatal. Los factores que están implicados en la hemorragia pueden ser: intravasculares, vasculares y extravasculares. Los grados pueden ir del Grado I (masa hiperecogénica por la presencia de coágulos, el plexo coroideo luce engrosado en la región del trígono), Grado II (en el que la hemorragia se extiende hacia la cisterna magna lo que incrementa el riesgo de hidrocefalia), Grado III en el que el coágulo se volverá más anecoico con el tiempo, la presencia de sangre en el LCR puede producir una ventriculitis química) y Grado IV (con hipercogenecidad paraventricular con afectación de lóbulos frontales y parietales). El ultrasonido transfontanelar puede detectar varias lesiones cerebrales en el recién nacido prematuro entre estas la hemorragia de la matriz germinal y la leucomalacia periventricular. La causa principal de la leucomalacia son los eventos hipóxicos-isquémicos, por lo que las lesiones predominan en la sustancia blanca periventricular. Se recomienda el uso de esta técnica para el diagnóstico oportuno de la hemorragia en los recién nacidos que presenten factores de riesgo.The germinal matrix hemorrhage corresponds to a cerebrovascular event originated in its blood vessels, it is prevalent in premature babies and is the first cause of infant mortality in Ecuador; Its inadequate diagnosis has an important impact on the neurodevelopment of premature infants and can generate serious sequelae that may be greater depending on the degree of prematurity, especially in premature infants weighing 500 to 750 g at birth. One of the main tools to diagnose womb bleeding is transfontanelar ultrasound, which is fundamental in the detection and early management of the situation. It should be considered that it requires an experienced radiologist to identify and interpret the findings. Some associated risk factors are: gestational age, low birth weight, low Apgar score, acidosis, and neonatal asphyxia. The factors that are involved in bleeding can be: intravascular, vascular and extravascular. The degrees can range from Grade I (hyperechogenic mass due to the presence of clots, the choroid plexus looks thickened in the trigone region), Grade II (in which the hemorrhage extends to the cisterna magna, which increases the risk of hydrocephalus) , Grade III in which the clot will become more anechoic over time, the presence of blood in the CSF can cause chemical ventriculitis) and Grade IV (with paraventricular hypercogenecity with involvement of the frontal and parietal lobes). Transfontanelar ultrasound can detect various brain lesions in the premature newborn, including bleeding from the germ matrix and periventricular leukomalacia. The main cause of leukomalacia is hypoxic-ischemic events, so that the lesions predominate in the periventricular white matter. The use of this technique is recommended for the timely diagnosis of bleeding in newborns with risk factors

The motion of the 2D hydrodynamic Chaplygin sleigh in the presence of circulation

We consider the motion of a planar rigid body in a potential flow with circulation and subject to a certain nonholonomic constraint. This model is related to the design of underwater vehicles. The equations of motion admit a reduction to a 2-dimensional nonlinear system, which is integrated explicitly. We show that the reduced system comprises both asymptotic and periodic dynamics separated by a critical value of the energy, and give a complete classification of types of the motion. Then we describe the whole variety of the trajectories of the body on the plane.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figures. This article uses some introductory material from arXiv:1109.321

Evaluación de la densidad y manejo forestal del piptocoma discolor (Pigüe) y otras especies en la provincia de Pastaza – Ecuador

Introduction: the world and national policy consider the key to the conservation of species, for the synergies of natural ecosystems, with the importance of maintaining the balance against the activities of man as sustainable and sustainable resources of the ecosystem. Goal. Evaluate the density and forest management of the species of Piptocoma discolor (Pigüe) and other species in the province of Pastaza - Ecuador. Methodology: the study was conducted in the cantons: Pastaza, Mera, Santa Clara and Arajuno of the Province of Pastaza. Considering the altitude conditions of each canton, through the application of a random sampling in forty-eight properties of an area of ​​10,400 m2 of secondary forest, a statistical analysis was achieved as Results: the relationships between the categories of the stem with 54.94%, with a variability coefficient of 7.13%, with a probability of 0.01%, a reliability of 99% and with a Tukey test at 0.01%. The current potential of the following species was determined: Piptocoma discolor, Cecropia peltata L., Inga edulis Mart, Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don., Miconia Ruiz & Pav., Myrica pubescens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Piptocoma Cass, Ocotea Aubl., Vismia baccifera L. Triana & Planch., Joosia umbellifera H. Karst. Conclusions: according to the evaluation, 70% of the forest does not have forest management, and in 30% there is evidence of rudimentary thinning, due to the absence of technical forest management, there is an imbalance of biodiversity in the Ecuadorian AmazonIntroducción: la política mundial y nacional considera la clave de la conservación de especies, para las sinergias de los ecosistemas naturales, con la importancia de mantener el equilibrio frente a las actividades del hombre como los recursos sostenibles y sustentable del ecosistema. Objetivo: evaluar la densidad y el manejo forestal del manejo de las especies del piptocoma discolor (Pigüe) y otras especies en la provincia de Pastaza – Ecuador. Metodología:  el estudio se llevó a cabo en los cantones: Pastaza, Mera, Santa Clara y Arajuno de la Provincia de Pastaza. Considerando las condiciones de altitud de cada cantón, mediante la aplicación de un muestreo al azar en 48 propiedades de un área de 10.400 m2 del bosque secundario se logrando un análisis estadístico como Resultados: las relaciones entre las categorías del fuste con 54,94 %, con un coeficiente de variabilidad de 7,13 %, con probabilidad del 0,01 %, una confiabilidad del 99% y con una prueba de Tukey al 0,01 %. Se determinó el potencial actual de las siguientes especies: Piptocoma discolor, Cecropia peltata L., Inga edulis Mart, Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don., Miconia Ruiz & Pav., Myrica pubescens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Piptocoma Cass, Ocotea Aubl., Vismia baccifera L. Triana & Planch., Joosia umbellifera H. Karst. Conclusiones: según la evaluación el 70% del bosque no cuenta con un manejo forestal, y en el 30% se evidencia aclareos de manera rudimentaria, debido a la ausencia de manejo técnico forestal existe el desequilibrio de la biodiversidad en la Amazonía del Ecuador

Identification of IQM-266, a Novel DREAM Ligand That Modulates KV4 Currents

Downstream Regulatory Element Antagonist Modulator (DREAM)/KChIP3/calsenilin is a neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) with multiple functions, including the regulation of A-type outward potassium currents (IA). This effect is mediated by the interaction between DREAM and KV4 potassium channels and it has been shown that small molecules that bind to DREAM modify channel function. A-type outward potassium current (IA) is responsible of the fast repolarization of neuron action potentials and frequency of firing. Using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays and electrophysiological recordings of KV4.3/DREAM channels, we have identified IQM-266 as a DREAM ligand. IQM-266 inhibited the KV4.3/DREAM current in a concentration-, voltage-, and time-dependent-manner. By decreasing the peak current and slowing the inactivation kinetics, IQM-266 led to an increase in the transmembrane charge (QKV4.3/DREAM) at a certain range of concentrations. The slowing of the recovery process and the increase of the inactivation from the closed-state inactivation degree are consistent with a preferential binding of IQM-266 to a pre-activated closed state of KV4.3/DREAM channels. Finally, in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons, IQM-266 inhibited the peak amplitude and slowed the inactivation of IA. Overall, the results presented here identify IQM-266 as a new chemical tool that might allow a better understanding of DREAM physiological role as well as modulation of neuronal IA in pathological processes

IQM-PC332, a Novel DREAM Ligand with Antinociceptive Effect on Peripheral Nerve Injury-Induced Pain

Neuropathic pain is a form of chronic pain arising from damage of the neural cells that sense, transmit or process sensory information. Given its growing prevalence and common refractoriness to conventional analgesics, the development of new drugs with pain relief effects constitutes a prominent clinical need. In this respect, drugs that reduce activity of sensory neurons by modulating ion channels hold the promise to become effective analgesics. Here, we evaluated the mechanical antinociceptive effect of IQM-PC332, a novel ligand of the multifunctional protein downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM) in rats subjected to chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve as a model of neuropathic pain. IQM-PC332 administered by intraplantar (0.01–10 µg) or intraperitoneal (0.02–1 µg/kg) injection reduced mechanical sensitivity by ≈100% of the maximum possible effect, with ED50 of 0.27 ± 0.05 µg and 0.09 ± 0.01 µg/kg, respectively. Perforated-patch whole-cell recordings in isolated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons showed that IQM-PC332 (1 and 10 µM) reduced ionic currents through voltage-gated K+ channels responsible for A-type potassium currents, low, T-type, and high voltage-activated Ca2+ channels, and transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) channels. Furthermore, IQM-PC332 (1 µM) reduced electrically evoked action potentials in DRG neurons from neuropathic animals. It is suggested that by modulating multiple DREAM–ion channel signaling complexes, IQM-PC332 may serve a lead compound of novel multimodal analgesics

Geochemical variations in the Central Southern Volcanic Zone, Chile (38-43°S): The role of fluids in generating arc magmas

We present new Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf-O isotope data from the volcanic arc (VA, volcanic front and rear arc) in Chile and the backarc (BA) in Argentina of the Central Southern Volcanic Zone in Chile (CSVZ; 38-43°S). Compared to the Transitional (T) SVZ (34.5-38°S; Jacques et al., 2013), the CSVZ VA has erupted greater volumes over shorter time intervals (Völker et al., 2011) and produced more tholeiitic melts. Although the CSVZ VA monogenetic cones are similar to the TSVZ VA samples, the CSVZ VA stratovolcanoes have higher ratios of highly fluid-mobile to less fluid-mobile trace elements (e.g. U/Th, Pb/Ce, Ba/Nb) and lower more- to less-incompatible fluid-immobile element ratios (e.g. La/Yb, La/Sm, Th/Yb, Nb/Yb), consistent with an overall higher fluid flux and greater degree of flux melting beneath the CSVZ stratovolcanoes compared to the CSVZ monogenetic centers and the TSVZ VA. The CSVZ monogenetic centers overlap the TSVZ in Sr and Nd isotopes, but the stratovolcanoes are shifted to higher Sr and/or Nd isotope ratios. The Pb isotopic composition of the CSVZ overlaps the TSVZ, which is clearly dominated by the composition of the trench sediments, but the CSVZ monogenetic samples extend to less radiogenic Pb isotope ratios. δ18Omelt from the CSVZ stratovolcano samples are below the MORB range, whereas the CSVZ monogenetic and the TSVZ samples fall within and slightly above the MORB range. The Nd and Hf isotopic ratios of the CSVZ VA extend to more radiogenic compositions than found in the TSVZ VA, indicating a greater contribution from a more depleted source. These correlations are interpreted to reflect derivation of fluids from hydrothermally altered oceanic crust and/or serpentinized upper mantle of the subducting plate. CSVZ BA basalts largely overlap TSVZ BA basalts, displaying less or no subduction influence compared to the VA, but some CSVZ BA basalts tap more enriched mantle, possibly subcontinental lithosphere, with distinctively lower Nd and Hf and elevated 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb isotope ratios