88 research outputs found
Reliability and Validity of the Monitored Functional Task Evaluation (MFTE) for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
This article describes the development of a new functional measure — the Monitored Functional Task Evaluation (MFTE) — a symptom-limited evaluation that is used to measure the functional performance of an individual with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to document a client's physiological changes through repeated testing. Stage I of the study included developing the content validity of the instrument. Stage II consisted of establishing the performance profile, test-retest and inter-rater reliability using a convenience sample of 27 inpatients and outpatients who had COPD. In stage III, the criterion-related and discriminative validity of the instrument was verified in a retrospective sample of 124 inpatients and day patients who had COPD. Results indicated that there was high intra- and inter-rater reliability for the total score of MFTE. Significant correlation of the MFTE was found with parameters such as Moser's Activities of Daily Living (ADL) class, COPD disability class, 6-minute walking distance, work capacity in terms the ratio of the metabolic rate associated with a given activity to the resting metabolic rate, and the fatigue dimension of the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire. In addition, prediction of group membership to Moser's ADL class revealed that 52.4% of the original grouped cases could be correctly classified by the MFTE alone. In conclusion, the MFTE is a useful measure to evaluate functional performance as well as document physiological changes in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD from both conceptual and empirical perspectives
Self-consistent quantum effects in the quark meson coupling model
We derive the equation of state of nuclear matter including vacuum
polarization effects arising from the nucleons and the sigma mesons in the
quark-meson coupling model which incorporates explicitly quark degrees of
freedom with quark coupled to the scalar and vector mesons. This leads to a
softer equation of state for nuclear matter giving a lower value of
incompressibility than would be reached without quantum effects. The {\it
in-medium} nucleon and sigma meson masses are also calculated in a
self-consistent manner.Comment: 10 pages, latex, 5 figure
Density Dependent Hadron Field Theory
A fully covariant approach to a density dependent hadron field theory is
presented. The relation between in--medium NN interactions and
field--theoretical meson--nucleon vertices is discussed. The medium dependence
of nuclear interactions is described by a functional dependence of the
meson--nucleon vertices on the baryon field operators. As a consequence, the
Euler--Lagrange equations lead to baryon rearrangement self--energies which are
not obtained when only a parametric dependence of the vertices on the density
is assumed. It is shown that the approach is energy--momentum conserving and
thermodynamically consistent. Solutions of the field equations are studied in
the mean--field approximation. Descriptions of the medium dependence in terms
of the baryon scalar and vector density are investigated. Applications to
infinite nuclear matter and finite nuclei are discussed. Density dependent
coupling constants obtained from Dirac--Brueckner calculations with the Bonn
NN-potentials are used. Results from Hartree calculations for energy spectra,
binding energies and charge density distributions of , and
are presented. Comparisons to data strongly support the importance
of rearrangement in a relativistic density dependent field theory. Most
striking is the simultanuous improvement of charge radii, charge densities and
binding energies. The results indicate the appearance of a new "Coester line"
in the nuclear matter equation of state.Comment: 48 LateX pages, 12 Figures, figures and full paper are available as
postscript files by anonymous ftp at ftp://theorie.physik.uni-giessen.de/dd
Effect of tensor couplings in a relativistic Hartree approach for finite nuclei
The relativistic Hartree approach describing the bound states of both
nucleons and anti-nucleons in finite nuclei has been extended to include tensor
couplings for the - and -meson. After readjusting the parameters
of the model to the properties of spherical nuclei, the effect of
tensor-coupling terms rises the spin-orbit force by a factor of 2, while a
large effective nucleon mass sustains. The overall
nucleon spectra of shell-model states are improved evidently. The predicted
anti-nucleon spectra in the vacuum are deepened about 20 -- 30 MeV.Comment: 31 pages, 4 postscript figures include
Neutron star properties in the quark-meson coupling model
The effects of internal quark structure of baryons on the composition and
structure of neutron star matter with hyperons are investigated in the
quark-meson coupling (QMC) model. The QMC model is based on mean-field
description of nonoverlapping spherical bags bound by self-consistent exchange
of scalar and vector mesons. The predictions of this model are compared with
quantum hadrodynamic (QHD) model calibrated to reproduce identical nuclear
matter saturation properties. By employing a density dependent bag constant
through direct coupling to the scalar field, the QMC model is found to exhibit
identical properties as QHD near saturation density. Furthermore, this modified
QMC model provides well-behaved and continuous solutions at high densities
relevant to the core of neutron stars. Two additional strange mesons are
introduced which couple only to the strange quark in the QMC model and to the
hyperons in the QHD model. The constitution and structure of stars with
hyperons in the QMC and QHD models reveal interesting differences. This
suggests the importance of quark structure effects in the baryons at high
densities.Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, to appear in Physical Review
Biometric privacy protection : guidelines and technologies
Compared with traditional techniques used to establish the identity of a person, biometric systems offer a greater confidence level that the authenticated individual is not impersonated by someone else. However, it is necessary to consider different privacy and security aspects in order to prevent possible thefts and misuses of biometric data. The effective protection of the privacy must encompass different aspects, such as the perceived and real risks pertaining to the users, the specificity of the application, the adoption of correct policies, and data protection methods as well. This chapter focuses on the most important privacy issues related to the use of biometrics, it presents actual guidelines for the implementation of privacy-protective biometric systems, and proposes a discussion of the methods for the protection of biometric data
Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018
Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations.Peer reviewe
- …