37 research outputs found
Sensing electric fields using single diamond spins
The ability to sensitively detect charges under ambient conditions would be a
fascinating new tool benefitting a wide range of researchers across
disciplines. However, most current techniques are limited to low-temperature
methods like single-electron transistors (SET), single-electron electrostatic
force microscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy. Here we open up a new
quantum metrology technique demonstrating precision electric field measurement
using a single nitrogen-vacancy defect centre(NV) spin in diamond. An AC
electric field sensitivity reaching ~ 140V/cm/\surd Hz has been achieved. This
corresponds to the electric field produced by a single elementary charge
located at a distance of ~ 150 nm from our spin sensor with averaging for one
second. By careful analysis of the electronic structure of the defect centre,
we show how an applied magnetic field influences the electric field sensing
properties. By this we demonstrate that diamond defect centre spins can be
switched between electric and magnetic field sensing modes and identify
suitable parameter ranges for both detector schemes. By combining magnetic and
electric field sensitivity, nanoscale detection and ambient operation our study
opens up new frontiers in imaging and sensing applications ranging from
material science to bioimaging
The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centre in diamond: the electronic solution
The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centre is a unique defect in diamond
that possesses properties highly suited to many applications, including quantum
information processing, quantum metrology, and biolabelling. Although the
unique properties of the centre have been extensively documented and utilised,
a detailed understanding of the physics of the centre has not yet been
achieved. Indeed there persists a number of points of contention regarding the
electronic structure of the centre, such as the ordering of the dark
intermediate singlet states. Without a sound model of the centre's electronic
structure, the understanding of the system's unique dynamical properties can
not effectively progress. In this work, the molecular model of the defect
centre is fully developed to provide a self consistent model of the complete
electronic structure of the centre. The application of the model to describe
the effects of electric, magnetic and strain interactions, as well as the
variation of the centre's fine structure with temperature, provides an
invaluable tool to those studying the centre and a means to design future
empirical and ab initio studies of this important defect.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures, 10 table
Caenorhabditis elegans N-glycan Core β-galactoside Confers Sensitivity towards Nematotoxic Fungal Galectin CGL2
The physiological role of fungal galectins has remained elusive. Here, we show that feeding of a mushroom galectin, Coprinopsis cinerea CGL2, to Caenorhabditis elegans inhibited development and reproduction and ultimately resulted in killing of this nematode. The lack of toxicity of a carbohydrate-binding defective CGL2 variant and the resistance of a C. elegans mutant defective in GDP-fucose biosynthesis suggested that CGL2-mediated nematotoxicity depends on the interaction between the galectin and a fucose-containing glycoconjugate. A screen for CGL2-resistant worm mutants identified this glycoconjugate as a Galβ1,4Fucα1,6 modification of C. elegans N-glycan cores. Analysis of N-glycan structures in wild type and CGL2-resistant nematodes confirmed this finding and allowed the identification of a novel putative glycosyltransferase required for the biosynthesis of this glycoepitope. The X-ray crystal structure of a complex between CGL2 and the Galβ1,4Fucα1,6GlcNAc trisaccharide at 1.5 Å resolution revealed the biophysical basis for this interaction. Our results suggest that fungal galectins play a role in the defense of fungi against predators by binding to specific glycoconjugates of these organisms
Imaging of Acute Lung Injury
Acute lung injury (ALI) is the clinical syndrome associated with histopathologic diffuse alveolar damage. It is a common cause of acute respiratory symptoms and admission to the intensive care unit. Diagnosis of ALI is typically based on clinical and radiographic criteria; however, because these criteria can be nonspecific, diagnostic uncertainty is common. A multidisciplinary approach that synthesizes clinical, imaging, and pathologic data can ensure an accurate diagnosis. Radiologists must be aware of the radiographic and computed tomographic findings of ALI and its mimics. This article discusses the multidisciplinary diagnosis of ALI from the perspective of the imager
CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions
Peer reviewe
A concept for an Interdisciplinary Living Lab for Innovating Brick-and-Mortar Retail
This cross-departmental initiative bridges Business and IT to establish a nexus for technological innovation,
academic research, and tangible retail application, particularly in the realms of Robotics,
Sensor Technology, Service Technology, Data Science driven by Artificial Intelligence within a retail setting.
Conceived as both a living lab and an innovation hub, this project embodies a fully-operational
retail store of the future, furnished with cutting-edge technologies and resourced by experts across
varied disciplines and research domains. The overarching objective centers on facilitating knowledge
generation and transfer among students, faculty, retailers, and technology companies. By doing so, the
lab endeavors to foster collaborative solutions to aptly address the pressing challenges currently being
faced by the retail industry, paving the way for sustainable, innovative developments for the future
Service Robots in Retail: Opportunities and Technical Challenges for in-store Automation
The retail sector is experiencing transforming changes driven by service robots (SR). While SR promise
benefits such as improved inventory management, increased efficiency, and enhanced customer satisfaction,
their integration presents technical and societal challenges. Technical hurdles encompass image
classification under varying conditions, data security, localization, and obstacle detection. On the
societal front, concerns revolve around public perception, safety, and employee apprehension regarding
job security. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of these challenges and opportunities,
highlighting that while SR have considerable potential, their optimal utilization in retail may be best
suited for non-human facing tasks, given the current limitations of AI in human interactions