Trump lebih radikal warisi dasar AS

Keputusan Presiden Amerika Syarikat (AS), Donald Trump menyekat kemasukan rakyat dari tujuh negara Islam serta pelarian Syria mengundang bantahan penduduk dunia.Ada yang menyifatkan tindakan Trump itu radikal dan keterlaluan, malah dikatakan bagi mengukuhkan pengaruh dan kedudukan AS-israel

Study of phase transition properties in rochelle salt crystal

28-31The extra spin-lattice interactions terms, external electric field term, direct spin-spin interaction term and fourth-order phonon anharmonic terms have been added to two-sublattice pseudo-spin lattice couples mode(PLCM) model for Rochelle salt crystal. By applying the double-time thermal Green function method and using the modified model, theoretically, expressions for the shift, width, soft mode frequency, dielectric constant and loss tangent have been derived. By fitting model parameters values, temperature variations of the above quantities have been calculated for Rochelle salt crystal. We compare theoretical variations of soft mode frequency for Rochelle salt crystal, by getting correlated values of soft mode frequency from experimental data of dielectric constant. We compare our theoretical values for dielectric constant and loss tangent for Rochelle salt with the experimental result of Sandy and Jones [Phys Rev, 168(2), 481-493 (1968)]. Our theoretical results well agree with experimental data of others for Rochelle salt. Present expressions will also be useful for other similar crystals like sodium ammonium tartrate tetrahydrate (NaNH4C4H4O6.4H2O) crystal, lithium ammonium tartrate monohydrate (LiNH4C4H4O6.H2O) crystal and lithium thallium tartrate monohydrate (LiTlC4H4O6.H2O) crystal etc

General Introduction to Ferroelectrics

In this chapter “General introduction to ferroelectrics” we contribute the basic idea of the fundamental properties of ferroelectrics. We focus on the following properties in the chapter such as basic introduction, classification, ferroelectric phase transitions, spontaneous polarization, local field, dielectric properties, polarizability, thermodynamics of ferroelectricity and applications of ferroelectrics. Ferroelectric materials are unusual dielectric which possesses reversible spontaneous electric polarization which can be reversed by application of stress or electric field which exhibit a range of properties. These properties are widely used in the today’s scientific and industrial technology. The large number of areas due to their peculiar and interesting properties such as high permittivity capacitors, ferroelectric non-volatile FeRAM memories, pyroelectric sensors, piezoelectric and transducers, electrooptic and optoelectronic devices, etc

Investigation of some temperature dependent ferroelectric properties of RDP crystal using double-time temperature dependent Green’s function technique and PLCM model

213-216Rubidium dihydrogen crystal’s (RDP, RbH2PO4) ferroelectric and dielectric properties have been analyzed in the present paper. This crystal belongs to the family of KDP-type ferroelectric and has been extensively studied because of peculiar properties in the area of ferroelectrics. In the present study, we have added some higher-order anharmonic terms in the pseudospin lattice coupled mode model (PLCM) for RDP crystal and have used Green’s function technique to solve our different expressions here discussed. We have computed expressions for soft mode frequency, dielectric constant, and loss tangent. We have shown variation of these three properties with temperature and discussed their crystal structure before and after their ferroelectric transition point. We have used model constants from Ganguli. For a suitable temperature range variation of temperature and dielectric constant according to Curie-Weiss behavior can be seen in our result. We have also verified our obtained results to the experimental analysis

Performance of the CMS Cathode Strip Chambers with Cosmic Rays

The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47 microns to 243 microns. The efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per layer is approximately 5 ns

Performance and Operation of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The operation and general performance of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter using cosmic-ray muons are described. These muons were recorded after the closure of the CMS detector in late 2008. The calorimeter is made of lead tungstate crystals and the overall status of the 75848 channels corresponding to the barrel and endcap detectors is reported. The stability of crucial operational parameters, such as high voltage, temperature and electronic noise, is summarised and the performance of the light monitoring system is presented

Calibration of the CMS Drift Tube Chambers and Measurement of the Drift Velocity with Cosmic Rays

Peer reviewe

CMS Data Processing Workflows during an Extended Cosmic Ray Run

Peer reviewe

Aligning the CMS Muon Chambers with the Muon Alignment System during an Extended Cosmic Ray Run

Peer reviewe

Alignment of the CMS muon system with cosmic-ray and beam-halo muons

This is the Pre-print version of the Article. The official published version of the Paper can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2010 IOPThe CMS muon system has been aligned using cosmic-ray muons collected in 2008 and beam-halo muons from the 2008 LHC circulating beam tests. After alignment, the resolution of the most sensitive coordinate is 80 microns for the relative positions of superlayers in the same barrel chamber and 270 microns for the relative positions of endcap chambers in the same ring structure. The resolution on the position of the central barrel chambers relative to the tracker is comprised between two extreme estimates, 200 and 700 microns, provided by two complementary studies. With minor modifications, the alignment procedures can be applied using muons from LHC collisions, leading to additional significant improvements.This work is supported by FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, ME, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR(Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE (Russia); MSTDS (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA)