372 research outputs found
Peak minerals: mapping sustainability issues at local and national scales
Peak minerals adopts the Hubbert metaphor for peak oil to highlight issues associated with initial mining of `cheaper, more accessible and higher quality ores pre-peak, to `lower grade, more remote, complex and expensive ores post-peak. In doing so, it prompts focus on the `services provided by the resource in-use as well as the transition strategy to supply those services following the decline of production post-peak. This paper applies the peak minerals metaphor as a basis for examining the social and environmental implications pre- and post-peak production across spatial scales. Using document review and stakeholder analysis from a National Peak Minerals Forum held in Australia, social and environmental impacts are mapped at local and national scales. This innovative mapping found that currently, consideration is given to local social and environmental issues and global economic issues, however, triple bottom line issues at the national scale are currently overlooked. As minerals resources belong to the people of a nation, this finding will inform future approaches to transition strategies seeking to maximise long term value for the use of the resources
Normohomocysteinaemia and vitamin-treated hyperhomocysteinaemia are associated with similiar risks of cardiovascular events in patients with premature peripheral arterial occlusive disease. A prospective cohort study
Objectives. Mild hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHC), fasting or after methionine loading, is associated with an increased risk and severity of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Post-methionine and fasting HHC are responsive to treatment with vitamin
Knowledge, attitude and practice of women in Campinas, SĂŁo Paulo, Brazil with respect to physical exercise in pregnancy: a descriptive study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Pregnancy is a good time to develop healthy lifestyle habits including regular exercise and good nutrition. Programs of physical exercise for pregnant women have been recommended; however, there are few references on this subject in the literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women with respect to appropriate physical exercise during pregnancy, and also to investigate why some women do not exercise during pregnancy.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A descriptive study was conducted in which 161 women of 18 to 45 years of age were interviewed in the third trimester of pregnancy. These women were receiving prenatal care at National Health Service (SUS) primary healthcare units and had no pathologies for which physical exercise would constitute a risk. The women were selected at an ultrasonography clinic accredited to the SUS in Campinas, SĂŁo Paulo. A previously elaborated knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) questionnaire was used to collect data, which were then stored in an Epinfo database. Statistical analysis was conducted using Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test to evaluate the association between the study variables (p < 0.05).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Almost two-thirds (65.6%) of the women were sufficiently informed about the practice of physical exercise during pregnancy and the vast majority (93.8%) was in favor of it. Nevertheless, only just over 20% of the women in this sample exercised adequately. Significant associations were found between an adequate knowledge of physical exercise during pregnancy and education level (p = 0.0014) and between the adequate practice of physical exercise during pregnancy and having had fewer pregnancies (p = 0.0001). Lack of time and feeling tired and uncomfortable were the principal reasons given by the women for not exercising.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results suggest that women's knowledge concerning the practice of physical exercise during pregnancy is reasonable and their attitude is favorable; however, relatively few actually exercise during pregnancy.</p
Atividade fĂsica, qualidade de vida e depressĂŁo durante a gravidez
This study examines physical activity patterns among women, from pre-pregnancy to the second trimester of pregnancy, and the relationship between physical activity status based on physical activity guidelines and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and depression over pregnancy. 56 healthy pregnant women self reported physical activity, HRQoL and depression at 10-15 and 19-24 weeks of pregnancy and physical activity before pregnancy. Whereas vigorous leisure physical activity decreased after conception, moderate leisure physical activity and work related physical activity remained stable over time. The prevalence of recommended physical activity was 39.3% and 12.5% in the 1st and 2nd trimesters of pregnancy respectively, and 14.3% pre-pregnancy. From the 1st to the 2nd pregnancy trimester, most
physical HRQoL dimensions scores decreased and only mental component increased, independently
of physical activity status. No changes in mean depression scores were observed. These data suggest
that physical activity patterns change with pregnancy and that physical and mental components
are differentially affected by pregnancy course, independently of physical activity status.Este estudo examina os padrĂ”es de atividade fĂsica antes
da concepção até o segundo trimestre de gravidez
e a relação entre o nĂvel de atividade fĂsica, com base
nas recomendaçÔes de atividade fĂsica, a qualidade de
vida relacionada Ă saĂșde (QVRS) e depressĂŁo ao longo
da gravidez. Cinquenta e seis grĂĄvidas saudĂĄveis reportaram
nĂvel de atividade fĂsica, QVRS e depressĂŁo
às 10-15 e 19-24 semanas de gravidez, além de atividade
fĂsica antes da concepção. Enquanto a atividade
fĂsica vigorosa no lazer diminuiu depois da concepção,
as atividades fĂsicas moderadas no lazer e no trabalho
mantiveram-se estĂĄveis. A prevalĂȘncia de atividade fĂ-
sica recomendada foi de 39,3%, 12,5% e 14,3% antes,
no primeiro e no segundo trimestres de gravidez, respectivamente.
Independentemente do estatuto de atividade
fĂsica, a maior parte dos escores nas dimensĂ”es
fĂsicas da QVRS diminui do primeiro para o segundo
trimestre de gestação, e apenas o componente mental
aumenta. Não se verificaram alteraçÔes nos escores
médios de depressão. Estes dados sugerem que, com a
gravidez, hĂĄ alteração nos padrĂ”es de atividade fĂsica;
alĂ©m disso, os componentes fĂsico e mental sĂŁo diferentemente
afetados pelo curso da gestação, independentemente
do nĂvel de atividade fĂsica
Measurement of the cross-section of high transverse momentum vector bosons reconstructed as single jets and studies of jet substructure in pp collisions at âs = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
This paper presents a measurement of the cross-section for high transverse momentum W and Z bosons produced in pp collisions and decaying to all-hadronic final states. The data used in the analysis were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of âs = 7 TeV;{\rm Te}{\rm V}4.6\;{\rm f}{{{\rm b}}^{-1}}{{p}_{{\rm T}}}\gt 320\;{\rm Ge}{\rm V}|\eta |\lt 1.9{{\sigma }_{W+Z}}=8.5\pm 1.7$ pb and is compared to next-to-leading-order calculations. The selected events are further used to study jet grooming techniques
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