Las competencias básicas en el diseño y el desarrollo del currículo

Este artículo ha sido concebido como una exposición sistemática de las ideas que durante estos años se han venido forjando en distintos documentos de trabajo sobre la incorporación de las competencias básicas en los diseños curriculares correspondiente a la enseñanza obligatoria y sus posteriores consecuencias sobre el currículo de los centros educativos. La tesis principal que se sostiene en el artículo es la siguiente: las competencias básicas pueden convertirse en un factor de mejora de la educación obligatoria en la medida en que puedan contribuir a reducir la fragmentación de los actuales diseños curriculares y aumentar el nivel de integración en el currículum de los centros educativos. Para que esta posibilidad se haga efectiva habrá de definir un nuevo modelo de desarrollo del currículum basado tanto en el desarrollo profesional de los educadores, como en el desarrollo de los centros educativos y en el desarrollo de las comunidades educativas (escuelas, familias y municipios).The main thesis argues that the article is as follows: basic competences can become a factor in improving compulsory education in so far as it can help reduce the fragmentation of existing designs curriculum and raise the level of integration in the curriculum of schools. For this possibility becomes effective will define a new development model curriculum based both on the professional development of teachers, as in the development of schools and community development education (schools, families and municipalities)

Una revisión crítica de la teoría de los paradigmas en el marco de las Ciencias Sociales (I)

El término paradigma es la puerta a través de la cual se accede al universo de la investigación educativa, a partir de él se señalan similitudes y diferencias, se establecen proximidades y distancias, se agrupan o separan ideas, autores y obras. Más aún, en torno a él se ha definido uno de los problemas más importantes: la complementariedad de los paradigmas. Así pues, es evidente que cualquier novedad respecto de este término puede afectar a nuestras ideas y prácticas habituales de investigación. El propósito de este articulo es presentar los enunciados básicos que configuran la Teoría de los Paradigmas (Khun, 1970), tal y como ha sido definida por su autor y valorar la conveniencia de mantenerla o abandonarla dentro del ámbito de la investigación educativa. El articulo recoge una serie de investigaciones que desarrollan algunas de las consecuencias empíricas de la Teoría de los Paradtgmas y que permiten considerar que, en el ámbito de la investigación educativa, esta teoría puede considerarse falsada

El asesoramiento científico educativo: Un nuevo ámbito de mejora

Este artículo pone de manifiesto la necesidad de iniciar un tipo de asesoramiento a los centros educativos: el asesoramiento científico-educativo. La finalidad de este tipo de asesoramiento será doble: (i) facilitar la realización de proyectos de investigación en los centros educativos y (ii) promover la mejora de la educación a través de la construcción de prácticas educativas científicamente fundamentadas. El artículo presenta una experiencia de asesoramiento de este tipo que tuvo lugar en Canarias y presenta algunas de las soluciones ejemplares surgidas en el transcurso de esta experiencia

Una revisión crítica de la teoría de los paradigmas en el marco de las Ciencias Sociales (II)

Este artículo propone una revisión crítica de la Teoría de los Paradigmas (Khun, 1962) con el fin de determinar su valor para un ámbito concreto de aplicación: las Ciencias Humanas, en general, y las Ciencias de la Educación, en particular. La revisión crítica se desarrolla del modo siguiente: (i) se expone la génesis de la teoría, (ii) se identifican sus enunciados básicos, (iii) se deducen sus consecuencias empíricas, (iv) se contrastan tales consecuencias con algunas investigaciones realizadas en el marco de las Ciencias de la Educación y, finalmente, (v) se proponen unos criterios de valoración para (v) determinar el valor de esta teoría dentro del ámbito elegido

The educational scientific advice: a new environment of improvement

Este artículo pone de manifiesto la necesidad de iniciar un tipo de asesoramiento a los centros educativos: el asesoramiento científico-educativo. La finalidad de este tipo de asesoramiento será doble: (i) facilitar la realización de proyectos de investigación en los centros educativos y (ii) promover la mejora de la educación a través de la construcción de prácticas educativas científicamente fundamentadas. El artículo presenta una experiencia de asesoramiento de este tipo que tuvo lugar en Canarias y presenta algunas de las soluciones ejemplares surgidas en el transcurso de esta experiencia.This article highlights the need to initiate a type of advice to schools: the scientificeducational advice. The purpose of this type of advice will be double: (i) facilitate research projects in schools and (ii) to promote the improvement of education through the construction of scientific based practices. The article presents an advisory experience of this type took place in the Canaries and presents some of the exemplary solutions encountered in the course of this experience.Grupo FORCE (HUM-386). Departamento de Didáctica y Organización Escolar de la Universidad de Granada

New markers for human ovarian cancer that link platinum resistance to the cancer stem cell phenotype and define new therapeutic combinations and diagnostic tools

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer-related death, due in part to a late diagnosis and a high rate of recurrence. Primary and acquired platinum resistance is related to a low response probability to subsequent lines of treatment and to a poor survival. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that drive platinum resistance is urgently needed. METHODS: We used bioinformatics analysis of public databases and RT-qPCR to quantitate the relative gene expression profiles of ovarian tumors. Many of the dysregulated genes were cancer stem cell (CSC) factors, and we analyzed its relation to therapeutic resistance in human primary tumors. We also performed clustering and in vitro analyses of therapy cytotoxicity in tumorspheres. RESULTS: Using bioinformatics analysis, we identified transcriptional targets that are common endpoints of genetic alterations linked to platinum resistance in ovarian tumors. Most of these genes are grouped into 4 main clusters related to the CSC phenotype, including the DNA damage, Notch and C-KIT/MAPK/MEK pathways. The relative expression of these genes, either alone or in combination, is related to prognosis and provide a connection between platinum resistance and the CSC phenotype. However, the expression of the CSC-related markers was heterogeneous in the resistant tumors, most likely because there were different CSC pools. Furthermore, our in vitro results showed that the inhibition of the CSC-related targets lying at the intersection of the DNA damage, Notch and C-KIT/MAPK/MEK pathways sensitize CSC-enriched tumorspheres to platinum therapies, suggesting a new option for the treatment of patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The current study presents a new approach to target the physiology of resistant ovarian tumor cells through the identification of core biomarkers. We hypothesize that the identified mutations confer platinum resistance by converging to activate a few pathways and to induce the expression of a few common, measurable and targetable essential genes. These pathways include the DNA damage, Notch and C-KIT/MAPK/MEK pathways. Finally, the combined inhibition of one of these pathways with platinum treatment increases the sensitivity of CSC-enriched tumorspheres to low doses of platinum, suggesting a new treatment for ovarian cancerSpanish Ministry of Education FPU12/01380Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity, Plan Estatal de I + D + I 2013–2016Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (RTI2018–097455-B-I00)CIBER de Cáncer (CD16/12/00275)Spanish Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucia (PI-0397-2017

Myomaker and myomixer characterization in gilthead sea bream under different myogenesis conditions

Skeletal muscle is formed by multinucleated myofibers originated by waves of hyperplasia and hypertrophy during myogenesis. Tissue damage triggers a regeneration process including new myogenesis and muscular remodeling. During myogenesis, the fusion of myoblasts is a key step that requires different genes' expression, including the fusogens myomaker and myomixer. The present work aimed to characterize these proteins in gilthead sea bream and their possible role in in vitro myogenesis, at different fish ages and during muscle regeneration after induced tissue injury. Myomaker is a transmembrane protein highly conserved among vertebrates, whereas Myomixer is a micropeptide that is moderately conserved. myomaker expression is restricted to skeletal muscle, while the expression of myomixer is more ubiquitous. In primary myocytes culture, myomaker and myomixer expression peaked at day 6 and day 8, respectively. During regeneration, the expression of both fusogens and all the myogenic regulatory factors showed a peak after 16 days post-injury. Moreover, myomaker and myomixer were present at different ages, but in fingerlings there were significantly higher transcript levels than in juveniles or adult fish. Overall, Myomaker and Myomixer are valuable markers of muscle growth that together with other regulatory molecules can provide a deeper understanding of myogenesis regulation in fish

Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

Abstract: In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass ∼6.5 × 109 M ⊙. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87’s spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous γ-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the γ-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded