Análise Crítica do Turnover Docente no Instituto Federal Norte de Minas Gerais IFNMG - Campus Arinos / Critical Analysis of Teacher Turnover in the Instituto Federal Norte de Minas Gerais IFNMG - Campus Arinos

Na atual conjuntura de mudanças e complexidades, o professor aparece como trabalhador fundamental dos processos formativos. Sua substituição exige tempo de conclusão, e este tempo pode contribuir para a ocorrência de alguns transtornos como: o não cumprimento da carga horária de disciplinas, demasiadas reposições de aulas, aumento dos índices de evasão escolar e de retenção. Enfim, a rotatividade excessiva de docentes pode desencadear uma série de dificuldades no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Deste modo, este artigo objetiva identificar e discutir o turnover docente entre os anos de 2014 e 2016, no Campus Arinos IFNMG – Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais -  e supor suas possíveis causas e efeitos periféricos no processo ensino-aprendizagem, diante das modalidades legais que contribuem para o turnover no processo educacional. Foram utilizadas teorias que discutem o turnover com a finalidade de refletir e teorizar essa situação no contexto pesquisado. A pesquisa é de natureza bibliográfica e documental, com abordagem quantitativa e finalidade descritiva. Foi possível perceber divergências significativas nas taxas de rotatividade no período de tempo analisado, no entanto, devido à frequência encontrada e sua importância, o tema incita maior aprofundamento sobre seus principais impactos no processo ensino-aprendizagem

The use of controlled atmosphere with low level of oxygen maintains the quality of guava fruit (Psidium guajaba l. cv. ‘Pedro Sato’) during cold storage

POR] O efeito da atmosfera de armazenamento com diferentes concentrações de oxigênio (controle, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5% e 1%) foi investigado durante o armazenamento refrigerado de goiabas ‘Pedro Sato’. As atmosferas com as menores concentrações de O2 (5% e 1%) reduziram significativamente a taxa respiratória o que resultou no retardamento do proceso de amadurecimento, o que foi confirmado pela manutenção da coloração mais verde (°h), maiores teores de açúcares solúveis totais e redutores, bem como, menor solubilização dos compostos pécticos. Os frutos controle e os armazenados nas maiores concentrações de oxigênio (20% e 15%) apresentaram pico climatérico no 16o e 20o, respectivamente. Entretanto, este não foi observado para os mantidos nas atmosferas contendo 10%, 5% e 1%. Além dos aspectos fisiológicos, as atmosferas com as menores concentrações de O2 (5% e 1%) reduziram o desenvolvimento de podridões o que resultou na manutenção da aparência de conseqüentemente da qualidade final do produto após 28 dias de armazenamento a 12,5°C. [ENG] The effect of storage atmospheres containing different oxygen levels (control, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5% e 1%) was investigated during the cold storage of ‘Pedro Sato’ guava. Atmospheres with the lowest O2 concentrations (5% and 1%) significantly reduced the respiratory rates which delayed the ripening process, which was confirmed by the maintenance of greener colour (°h), higher total soluble and reducing sugar contends, as well as, lower pectic compound solubilization. Control fruit and those stored at the highest oxygen concentration (20% and 15%) presented climateric pick at the 16th and 20th day, respectively. It was not observed for fruit maintained at atmospheres containing 10%, 5% and 1%, although. Despite the physiological aspects, the atmospheres with the lowest O2 concentrations (5% and 1%) reduced rot development leading better appearance maintenance and consequently better final product quality after 28 days of storage at 12.5°C.Os autores gostariam de agradecer a Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) pela concessão da bolsa de pós-doutorado (Proc. no 05/56160-0) e do auxílio à pesquisa (Proc. no 05/56159-1)

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research