Elusive Refuge: Chinese Migrants in the Cold War, by Laura Madokoro

Book Review: Elusive Refuge: Chinese Migrants in the Cold War by Laura Madokoro Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016, pp. 33

Moving Goods in Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia:: The Scaffolding of Stability in TAZARA’s Dry Port

In den 970er Jahren wurde die TAZARA mit chinesischer Unterstützung gebaut, um den sambischen Kupfergürtel mit dem Indischen Ozean zu verbinden. Die Linie verbindet Dar es Salaam mit Kapiri Mposhi, zu dieser Zeit eine wenig bekannte Endstation der Eisenbahnlinie. Für Sambier jedoch ist Kapiri Mposhi kein Endpunkt, sondern ein Zentrum. Dieser Artikel untersucht die Geschichte von Kapiri Mposhi als Eisenbahnstadt aus der Perspektive des Lastentransports. Im TAZARA-Trockenhafen ist der Umschlag abhängig von Teams von Lastenträgern. Für die Träger im Eisenbahnbetrieb von Kapiri Mposhi wurde der Lebensunterhalt allerdings im Laufe der Zeit unzuverlässig. Als Reaktion auf die Unsicherheit gründeten die Träger Vereine, die versuchen, sowohl die soziale Sicherheit ihrer Mitglieder zu gewährleisten als auch die Auswirkungen der schwankenden Warenströme und des ungleichmäßigen Eisenbahnbetriebs auf ihre Arbeit zu lindern. Somit ermöglichen sie das Funktionieren dieses für Mittelafrika entscheidenden Zugangs zu transnationalen Handelsnetzwerken

Making Men, Making History: remembering railway work in Cold War Afro-Asian solidarity

In Zambia and Tanzania, a generation of railwaymen is retiring. They are the workers who constructed the TAZARA railway, who labored alongside their Chinese counterparts in the 1970s to build a link from the landlocked Zambian Copperbelt to the Indian Ocean. In their youth they formed a cohort of “new industrial men,” who shared not only the promise of East African socialist nation-building but also the expectation of providing for families into their old age. As they now retire in the era of economic liberalism, they express feelings of loss and alienation as the state has failed to recognize their contributions. In the face of layoffs and pension payment delays, TAZARA workers mobilize individual and collective memories of railway building to seek both recognition and material security.En Zambie et en Tanzanie, une génération de travailleurs est en train d’atteindre l’âge de la retraite : il s’agit de ceux qui, aux côtés de leurs collègues chinois, ont construit dans les années 1970 le chemin de fer TAZARA, reliant le bassin minier (Copperbelt) zambien à l’océan Indien. Façonnés dans leur jeunesse, ces « nouveaux ouvriers » ont souscrit à la promesse et à l’édification de nations socialistes en Afrique de l’Est, avec l’espoir d’une retraite qui assurerait leurs vieux jours et soutiendrait leurs familles. Mais, prenant leur retraite en pleine époque de néolibéralisme économique, ils expriment leur frustration et leur déception, estimant que l’Etat ne reconnaît pas leur contribution passée à un grand projet. Confrontés à des licenciements ou à des retards dans le versement de leurs pensions, les travailleurs du TAZARA se mobilisent, et mobilisent leurs souvenirs individuels et collectifs, pour obtenir à la fois une reconnaissance et une meilleure sécurité matérielle

Des « hommes nouveaux » : mémoires de travailleurs du rail et coopération sino-africaine

En Zambie et en Tanzanie, une génération de travailleurs est en train d’atteindre l’âge de la retraite : il s’agit de ceux qui, aux côtés de leurs collègues chinois, ont construit dans les années 1970 le chemin de fer TAZARA, reliant le bassin minier (Copperbelt) zambien à l’océan Indien. Façonnés dans leur jeunesse, ces « nouveaux ouvriers » ont souscrit à la promesse et à l’édification de nations socialistes en Afrique de l’Est, avec l’espoir d’une retraite qui assurerait leurs vieux jours et soutiendrait leurs familles. Mais, prenant leur retraite en pleine époque de néolibéralisme économique, ils expriment leur frustration et leur déception, estimant que l’Etat ne reconnaît pas leur contribution passée à un grand projet. Confrontés à des licenciements ou à des retards dans le versement de leurs pensions, les travailleurs du TAZARA se mobilisent, et mobilisent leurs souvenirs individuels et collectifs, pour obtenir à la fois une reconnaissance et une meilleure sécurité matérielle.In Zambia and Tanzania, a generation of railwaymen is retiring. They are the workers who constructed the TAZARA railway, who labored alongside their Chinese counterparts in the 1970s to build a link from the landlocked Zambian Copperbelt to the Indian Ocean. In their youth they formed a cohort of “new industrial men,” who shared not only the promise of East African socialist nation-building but also the expectation of providing for families into their old age. As they now retire in the era of economic liberalism, they express feelings of loss and alienation as the state has failed to recognize their contributions. In the face of layoffs and pension payment delays, TAZARA workers mobilize individual and collective memories of railway building to seek both recognition and material security

Developing a Professionalism Plan

Professionalism is a way of being which underlies all the responsibilities of a pharmacist and associated general and professional abilities. The Student Affairs Committee was charged with developing a college-wide professionalism plan to meet the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) Standards 15.1 and 23. This plan was developed concurrently with a new curriculum. The plan was developed systematically with the following goals: 1) create a definition of professionalism, 2) determine outcomes of the plan, 3) identify existing components which should be continued and new components to be added, 4) ensure existing and new components are linked to outcomes and 5) develop a continuous assessment process for the plan. The proposed plan consists of curricular, co-curricular and extra-curricular activities designed to help students gain experience in three professionalism pillars: Competence, Connection and Character, as defined by Brown et al in "Taxonomy of Professionalism". While knowledge and skills will be enhanced, the focus of development will be on student virtues, values and attitudesäóîthat what they do defines who they are. The goal is to help students develop as people and professionals who value the high ideals expected of a pharmacist.   Type: Idea Pape

Human Rights and German Intellectual History in Transnational Perspective

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156446/1/gequ12147.pd

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research