51 research outputs found

    Starvation Conditions Effects on Carbohydrate Metabolism of Marine Bacteria

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    Effect of Previous Incubation of Aeromonas hydrophila in Wastewater Prior to Its Transfer Into Marine Water Microcosms

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    The occurrence of the mesophilic motile Gram negative non enterobacterial species A. hydrophila in the wild is a major problem that deserves to be resolved since it is a potentially pathogen able to enter into a non-culturable state on routine bacteriological plating media. These non-culturable forms can be detected by several direct or indirect visualization methods. This species has frequently been isolated from pathological forms in fish farming marine areas, especially near wastewater discharges. Consequently, we studied A. hydrophila in marine water microcosms placed during a 24 hour period in treated waste waters and compared with the homologous strain not placed in the same conditions. Thus, two kinds of microcosms were prepared using filtered and autoclaved marine water or waste water, inoculated by A. hydrophila and maintained at 25°C in darkness. The results obtained indicated that A. hydrophila population incubated at 25°C in marine water declined rapidly (3.21 log units in plate count number) during the first three days. Additionally, we noted that A. hydrophila incubated in marine water after a previous treatment in waste water declined progressively to 2.74 log units (in plate count number). Nevertheless, we showed no significant variations of the number of total bacterial cells for A. hydrophila developed in marine water after prior treatment in waste water, despite the appearance of the VBNC form. During this state, rods of normal size, elongated cells and cocci were obtained. Concomitantly, we determined several changes in biochemical and antimicrobial patterns of stressed A. hydrophila, notably the acquisition of adipate metabolization and an increase of resistance to antimicrobial compounds, especially for A. hydrophila incubated in marine water after treatment in waste water.A. hydrophila (mĂ©sophile, Gram nĂ©gative, mobile) compte parmi les espĂšces non entĂ©robactĂ©riennes opportunistes du milieu aquatique. Son isolement ou son dĂ©nombrement en milieu marin selon les mĂ©thodes classiques est compromis par l’acquisition de la forme viable non cultivable (VNC) chez la bactĂ©rie dont la visualisation repose sur des mĂ©thodes moins usuelles, notamment la cytomĂ©trie en image ou en flux. En pathologie aquacole, A. hydrophila compte parmi les espĂšces les plus frĂ©quemment isolĂ©es, notamment dans les zones de rejets. Le prĂ©sent travail a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ© en vue d’étudier la survie d’A. hydrophila en eau de mer aprĂšs transit en eaux usĂ©es domestique. Ainsi, deux types de microcosmes ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s, le premier rempli d’eau de mer filtrĂ©e, stĂ©rile et placĂ© Ă  25 °C Ă  l’obscuritĂ©; le second est rempli d’eau usĂ©e filtrĂ©e, stĂ©rile et placĂ©e pendant 24 h Ă  l’obscuritĂ© avant transfert en eau de mer. Les caractĂ©ristiques intrinsĂ©ques : cultivabilitĂ©, forme cellulaire, profils biochimiques et antibiotypiques ont Ă©tĂ© suivis au cours de ce stress. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus indiquent que la cultivabilitĂ© d’A. hydrophila placĂ©e directement dans l’eau de mer diminue rapidement durant les trois premiers jours d’incubation (3,21 Ulog). Aussi, nous avons notĂ© une rĂ©duction progressive de la cultivabilitĂ© d’A. hydrophila placĂ©e en eau de mer aprĂšs transit en eaux usĂ©es (2,74 Ulog). NĂ©anmoins, le nombre de cellules totales ne montre pas de variation significative tout le long de la pĂ©riode de suivi (30 jours), avec l’apparition de la forme Viable Non Cultivable (VNC). Au cours de ce stress, nous avons observĂ© des cellules de formes bacillaires, allongĂ©es et arrondies rĂ©duites. ParallĂšlement, nous avons trouvĂ© qu’A. hydrophila ayant sĂ©journĂ© en eau de mer (avec ou sans passage en eaux usĂ©es) a subi diffĂ©rentes modifications ayant portĂ© aux caractĂ©ristiques biochimiques et antibiotypiques, dont les plus remarquables sont la capacitĂ© Ă  mĂ©taboliser l’adipate et l’acquisition de nouvelles rĂ©sistances aux antibiotiques, notamment aprĂšs passage en eaux usĂ©es

    Étude de l’influence des facteurs environnementaux sur la distribution de diffĂ©rentes populations bactĂ©riennes dans une station mytilicole de la lagune de Bizerte (Nord-Tunisie)

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    La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e en vue d’évaluer l’effet des fluctuations des paramĂštres abiotiques sur la distribution de diffĂ©rentes populations bactĂ©riennes viables dans la station mytilicole la plus productrice de la lagune de Bizerte (Nord‑Tunisie). Le suivi a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tabli pendant une annĂ©e (septembre 2004 ‑ aoĂ»t 2005) au niveau des neuf tables du site.Les dĂ©nombrements bactĂ©riens des coliformes totaux (CT), des entĂ©rocoques fĂ©caux (EF), des Vibrionaceaes (VB) et des bactĂ©ries hĂ©tĂ©rotrophes cultivables (BHC) ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©s pour l’eau de surface, les moules (Mytilus galloprovincialis) ainsi que pour les sĂ©diments. Ces charges bactĂ©riennes ont Ă©tĂ© corrĂ©lĂ©es Ă  la tempĂ©rature de l’eau, l’oxygĂšne dissous, la salinitĂ©, le pH, la pluviomĂ©trie et l’ensoleillement, mesurĂ©s pĂ©riodiquement en tout point du site.Le suivi des paramĂštres bactĂ©riologiques a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une prĂ©sence assez importante de charges bactĂ©riennes pendant toute la pĂ©riode d’étude, notamment dans les moules et les sĂ©diments, avec une distribution temporelle saisonniĂšre. L’étude statistique a montrĂ© des corrĂ©lations positives, d’une part, entre les charges en polluants fĂ©caux et la pluviomĂ©trie et, d’autre part, entre les charges en Vibrionaceaes et la salinitĂ© et la tempĂ©rature.Ces rĂ©sultats rĂ©vĂšlent l’effet anthropique bactĂ©rien au niveau du site mytilicole : les rejets continentaux en hiver et la remontĂ©e des bactĂ©ries autochtones en pĂ©riode estivale ont une influence considĂ©rable sur la mytiliculture et son devenir dans la lagune de Bizerte.The present study aimed to assess the influence of abiotic parameters on the distribution of various viable bacterial populations in the most productive mussel farming area in the Bizerte Lagoon (Northern Tunisia). A monitoring survey was carried out over one year (September 2004 ‑ August 2005), within all the farming tables at the station. Bacterial enumerations of total coliforms (CT), fecal enterococci (EF), Vibrionaceae (VB) and cultivable heterotrophic bacteria (BHC) were carried out for surface water, mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and sediments. These bacterial counts were correlated with water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, rainfall and sunshine, which were periodically measured at all points within the sampling area.The survey of the bacteriological parameters revealed high bacterial counts during the whole monitoring period, especially in the mussels and sediments, as well as seasonal variability. Statistical analyses revealed positive correlation between the loads of fecal pollutants and rainfall during the winter period, and between the loads of Vibrionaceae and salinity and temperature during the summer period.These results highlight the negative anthropogenic bacterial effect within the mussel farming areas: sewage discharges in winter, and the growth of autochthonous pathogenic bacteria during the summer period, have a considerable influence on the mussel culture in the Bizerte Lagoon

    Characterization of Vibrio Isolates from Carpet Shell Clam (Ruditapes Decussatus) Suffering from Brown Ring Disease (BRD) on Tunisian Coasts

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    Abstract A total of 13 pathogenic Vibrio spp. bacteria were isolated fro m carpet shell clams (Ruditapes decussatus) with Brown Ring Disease (BRD) in Tunisia. Organisms were identified based on a combination of phenotypic and mo lecular methods (SSP-PCR and 16SrDNA sequencing). Viru lence effects were determined by in vivo testing on R. decussatus and in vitro testing on the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). All isolates demonstrated biochemical profiles typical of Vibrio spp; nine different biotypes. Three isolates were identified as V.splendidus biovar II TA E2 but the remain ing isolates fell into eight biotypes different fro m each other and fro m the V.tapetis biotype. Species delineation based on 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that the isolated Vibrio spp closely resembled V.chagasii (eight isolates), V.splendidus (two isolates), V.alginolyticus(one isolates), Psychrobacter spp. and Pseudoalteromonas mariniglutinosa (one isolates for each). In vitro cytotoxicity effects and mortalit ies could be induced by the isolates of V.chagasii, V.splendidus and V.alginolyticus at lower dosages than induced by V.tapetis (CECT4600)

    Antimicrobial Activities of Bacteria Associated with the Brown Alga Padina pavonica

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    General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Macroalgae belonging to the genus Padina are known to produce antibacterial compounds that may inhibit growth of human-and animal pathogens. Hitherto, it was unclear whether this antibacterial activity is produced by the macroalga itself or by secondary metabolite producing epiphytic bacteria. Here we report antibacterial activities of epiphytic bacteria isolated from Padina pavonica (Peacocks tail) located on northern coast of Tunisia. Eighteen isolates were obtained in pure culture and tested for antimicrobial activities. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences the isolates were closely related to Proteobacteria (12 isolates; 2 Alpha-and 10 Gammaproteobacteria), Firmicutes (4 isolates) and Actinobacteria (2 isolates). The antimicrobial activity was assessed as inhibition of growth of 12 species of pathogenic bacteria (Aeromonas salmonicida, A. hydrophila, Enterobacter xiangfangensis, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus sp., Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp., Vibrio alginoliticus, V. proteolyticus, V. vulnificus) and one pathogenic yeast (Candida albicans). Among the Firmicutes, isolate P8, which is closely related to Bacillus pumilus, displayed the largest spectrum of growth inhibition of the pathogenic bacteria tested. The results emphasize the potential use of P. pavonica associated antagonistic bacteria as producers of novel antibacterial compounds

    The ocean sampling day consortium

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    Ocean Sampling Day was initiated by the EU-funded Micro B3 (Marine Microbial Biodiversity, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology) project to obtain a snapshot of the marine microbial biodiversity and function of the world’s oceans. It is a simultaneous global mega-sequencing campaign aiming to generate the largest standardized microbial data set in a single day. This will be achievable only through the coordinated efforts of an Ocean Sampling Day Consortium, supportive partnerships and networks between sites. This commentary outlines the establishment, function and aims of the Consortium and describes our vision for a sustainable study of marine microbial communities and their embedded functional traits

    The Ocean Sampling Day Consortium

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    Ocean Sampling Day was initiated by the EU-funded Micro B3 (Marine Microbial Biodiversity, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology) project to obtain a snapshot of the marine microbial biodiversity and function of the world’s oceans. It is a simultaneous global mega-sequencing campaign aiming to generate the largest standardized microbial data set in a single day. This will be achievable only through the coordinated efforts of an Ocean Sampling Day Consortium, supportive partnerships and networks between sites. This commentary outlines the establishment, function and aims of the Consortium and describes our vision for a sustainable study of marine microbial communities and their embedded functional traits

    Seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton and microbiological communities during sporadic fish die-offs in the Bir M’Cherga reservoir (Tunisia)

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    Des phĂ©nomĂšnes de prolifĂ©rations cyanobactĂ©riennes s’observent Ă  la surface des Ă©cosystĂšmes limniques, et ce quel que soit le continent Ă©tudiĂ©. Or ces fortes biomasses engendrent un profond dysfonctionnement de l’hydrosystĂšme, notamment lorsque ces Ă©tendues d’eau servent Ă  la pisciculture. Une Ă©tude a ainsi Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e sur la structure de la double communautĂ© phytoplanctonique et des bactĂ©ries fĂ©cales en rĂ©ponse aux conditions environnementales, dans le rĂ©servoir de Bir M’Cherga (Tunisie), Ă  la suite de mortalitĂ©s inexpliquĂ©es de poissons.Une dĂ©gradation de l’état Ă©cologique des eaux a Ă©tĂ© confirmĂ©e par le remplacement des Bacillariophyceae par les CyanobactĂ©ries, avec une dominance quasi-exclusive de Planktothrix agardhii pendant plusieurs mois, associĂ©e Ă  Planktolyngbya limnetica et Pseudanabaena limnetica. Un rapide dĂ©clin de P. agardhii au printemps, a favorisĂ© une augmentation de la diversitĂ© phytoplanctonique, avec l’apparition estivale de Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. Bien qu’aucune corrĂ©lation n’ait pu ĂȘtre directement Ă©tablie entre ces mortalitĂ©s Ă©pisodiques et les facteurs biologiques, la seule prĂ©sence d’espĂšces de cyanobactĂ©ries Ă  fort potentiel invasif et toxique justifie une vigilance accrue de la qualitĂ© des eaux et du peuplement piscicole dans les eaux du rĂ©servoir Bir’M Cherga.Proliferations of cyanobacteria are becoming increasingly widespread in many artificial reservoirs, and may have detrimental effects on ecosystem functioning, especially when the water sustains commercial fisheries. This is the case of the Bir M’Cherga reservoir in North Tunisia, where sporadic fish die-offs have been recently reported. A two-year survey investigated a dual-community structure including both phytoplankton and the main fecal bacterial indicators facing to environmental factors.Low abundances of fecal indicator bacteria were recorded, indicating that no direct human contamination had occurred. However, the ecological status of this reservoir did show signs of degradation, Bacillariophyceae being superseded by Cyanobacteria, with a “nearlyexclusive” dominance of Planktothrix agardhii lasting several months, in association with Planktolyngbya limnetica and Pseudanabaena limnetica. In contrast, the rapid decline of P. agardhii observed in spring 2007 favored greater phytoplankton diversity, with the summer occurrence of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. Even though no significant relationships were identified between fish mortality and biological factors, the very presence of two bloomforming and potentially toxic cyanobacterial species may be viewed as a potentially serious issue with regard to water use and fish farming in the Tunisian reservoir.</p

    Caractérisation des populations de Vibrionaceae dans la lagune de Bizerte (Tunisie)

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    La présente étude tente de caractériser les populations de Vibrionaceae présentes dans la lagune de Bizerte entre mai 1998 et mai 1999. Ce suivi annuel a été réalisé au niveau de 7 stations en considérant les compartiments aqueux, sédimentaire et biologique (palourdes et moules). L'isolement des Vibrionaceae sur milieu sélectif TCBS (thiosulfate - citrate - bile - sodium) a montré leur présence dans 66,92 % des échantillons analysés. Leur fréquence a été maximale dans les palourdes (76,92 %), les sédiments représentant le second site d'élection de ces micro-organismes (70,32 %). D'aprÚs l'étude intersite, les Vibrionaceae ont été, tous compartiments confondus, plus fréquemment isolées aux stations de l'oued Tindja (92,30 % des cas) et de Menzel Abderrahmen (82,05 %). Les concentrations de ces germes ont été généralement de l'ordre de 104 et de 106pour les maximales relevées à la station de l'oued Tindja.Quatre espÚces différentes ont été identifiées : Aeromonas hydrophila, nettement prédominante (82,24 % des souches isolées), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (10,68 %), Aeromonas sobria (4,58 %) et Vibrio vulnificus (2,2 %)
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