18 research outputs found

    Constraints on the structure and seasonal variations of Triton's atmosphere from the 5 October 2017 stellar occultation and previous observations

    Get PDF
    Context. A stellar occultation by Neptune's main satellite, Triton, was observed on 5 October 2017 from Europe, North Africa, and the USA. We derived 90 light curves from this event, 42 of which yielded a central flash detection. Aims. We aimed at constraining Triton's atmospheric structure and the seasonal variations of its atmospheric pressure since the Voyager 2 epoch (1989). We also derived the shape of the lower atmosphere from central flash analysis. Methods. We used Abel inversions and direct ray-tracing code to provide the density, pressure, and temperature profiles in the altitude range similar to 8 km to similar to 190 km, corresponding to pressure levels from 9 mu bar down to a few nanobars. Results. (i) A pressure of 1.18 +/- 0.03 mu bar is found at a reference radius of 1400 km (47 km altitude). (ii) A new analysis of the Voyager 2 radio science occultation shows that this is consistent with an extrapolation of pressure down to the surface pressure obtained in 1989. (iii) A survey of occultations obtained between 1989 and 2017 suggests that an enhancement in surface pressure as reported during the 1990s might be real, but debatable, due to very few high S/N light curves and data accessible for reanalysis. The volatile transport model analysed supports a moderate increase in surface pressure, with a maximum value around 2005-2015 no higher than 23 mu bar. The pressures observed in 1995-1997 and 2017 appear mutually inconsistent with the volatile transport model presented here. (iv) The central flash structure does not show evidence of an atmospheric distortion. We find an upper limit of 0.0011 for the apparent oblateness of the atmosphere near the 8 km altitude.J.M.O. acknowledges financial support from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and the European Social Fund (ESF) through the PhD grant SFRH/BD/131700/2017. The work leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's H2020 2014-2021 ERC grant Agreement nffi 669416 "Lucky Star". We thank S. Para who supported some travels to observe the 5 October 2017 occultation. T.B. was supported for this research by an appointment to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Post-Doctoral Program at the Ames Research Center administered by Universities Space Research Association (USRA) through a contract with NASA. We acknowledge useful exchanges with Mark Gurwell on the ALMA CO observations. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. J.L.O., P.S.-S., N.M. and R.D. acknowledge financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709), they also acknowledge the financial support by the Spanish grant AYA-2017-84637-R and the Proyecto de Excelencia de la Junta de Andalucia J.A. 2012-FQM1776. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement no. 687378, as part of the project "Small Bodies Near and Far" (SBNAF). P.S.-S. acknowledges financial support by the Spanish grant AYA-RTI2018-098657-J-I00 "LEO-SBNAF". The work was partially based on observations made at the Laboratorio Nacional de Astrofisica (LNA), Itajuba-MG, Brazil. The following authors acknowledge the respective CNPq grants: F.B.-R. 309578/2017-5; R.V.-M. 304544/2017-5, 401903/2016-8; J.I.B.C. 308150/2016-3 and 305917/2019-6; M.A. 427700/20183, 310683/2017-3, 473002/2013-2. This study was financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior -Brasil (CAPES) -Finance Code 001 and the National Institute of Science and Technology of the e-Universe project (INCT do e-Universo, CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). G.B.R. acknowledges CAPES-FAPERJ/PAPDRJ grant E26/203.173/2016 and CAPES-PRINT/UNESP grant 88887.571156/2020-00, M.A. FAPERJ grant E26/111.488/2013 and A.R.G.Jr. FAPESP grant 2018/11239-8. B.E.M. thanks CNPq 150612/2020-6 and CAPES/Cofecub-394/2016-05 grants. Part of the photometric data used in this study were collected in the frame of the photometric observations with the robotic and remotely controlled telescope at the University of Athens Observatory (UOAO; Gazeas 2016). The 2.3 m Aristarchos telescope is operated on Helmos Observatory by the Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing of the National Observatory of Athens. Observations with the 2.3 m Aristarchos telescope were carried out under OPTICON programme. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 730890. This material reflects only the authors views and the Commission is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. The 1. 2m Kryoneri telescope is operated by the Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing of the National Observatory of Athens. The Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley (OAVdA) is managed by the Fondazione Clement Fillietroz-ONLUS, which is supported by the Regional Government of the Aosta Valley, the Town Municipality of Nus and the "Unite des Communes valdotaines Mont-Emilius". The 0.81 m Main Telescope at the OAVdA was upgraded thanks to a Shoemaker NEO Grant 2013 from The Planetary Society. D.C. and J.M.C. acknowledge funds from a 2017 'Research and Education' grant from Fondazione CRT-Cassa di Risparmio di Torino. P.M. acknowledges support from the Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia ref. PTDC/FISAST/29942/2017 through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE 2020 (ref. POCI010145 FEDER007672). F.J. acknowledges Jean Luc Plouvier for his help. S.J.F. and C.A. would like to thank the UCL student support observers: Helen Dai, Elise Darragh-Ford, Ross Dobson, Max Hipperson, Edward Kerr-Dineen, Isaac Langley, Emese Meder, Roman Gerasimov, Javier Sanjuan, and Manasvee Saraf. We are grateful to the CAHA, OSN and La Hita Observatory staffs. This research is partially based on observations collected at Centro Astronomico HispanoAleman (CAHA) at Calar Alto, operated jointly by Junta de Andalucia and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IAA-CSIC). This research was also partially based on observation carried out at the Observatorio de Sierra Nevada (OSN) operated by Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC). This article is also based on observations made with the Liverpool Telescope operated on the island of La Palma by Liverpool John Moores University in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias with financial support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. Partially based on observations made with the Tx40 and Excalibur telescopes at the Observatorio Astrofisico de Javalambre in Teruel, a Spanish Infraestructura Cientifico-Tecnica Singular (ICTS) owned, managed and operated by the Centro de Estudios de Fisica del Cosmos de Aragon (CEFCA). Tx40 and Excalibur are funded with the Fondos de Inversiones de Teruel (FITE). A.R.R. would like to thank Gustavo Roman for the mechanical adaptation of the camera to the telescope to allow for the observation to be recorded. R.H., J.F.R., S.P.H. and A.S.L. have been supported by the Spanish projects AYA2015-65041P and PID2019-109467GB-100 (MINECO/FEDER, UE) and Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1366-19. Our great thanks to Omar Hila and their collaborators in Atlas Golf Marrakech Observatory for providing access to the T60cm telescope. TRAPPIST is a project funded by the Belgian Fonds (National) de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S.-FNRS) under grant PDR T.0120.21. TRAPPIST-North is a project funded by the University of Liege, and performed in collaboration with Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakesh. E.J. is a FNRS Senior Research Associate

    Prediction, screening and characterization of novel bioactive tetra-peptide matrikines for skin rejuvenation

    No full text
    BACKGROUND: Extracellular matrices play a critical role in tissue structure and function and aberrant remodelling of these matrices is a hallmark of many age-related diseases. In skin, loss of dermal collagens and disorganisation elastic fibre components are key features of photo-ageing. Although application of some small matrix-derived peptides to aged skin has been shown to beneficially affect in vitro cell behaviour and, in vivo, molecular architecture and clinical appearance, the discovery of new peptides has lacked a guiding hypothesis.OBJECTIVES: As endogenous matrix-derived peptides can act as cell-signalling molecules (matrikines), we hypothesised that protease cleavage site prediction could identify novel putative matrikines with beneficial activities for skin composition and structure.METHODS: Here, we present an in silico (peptide cleavage prediction) to in vitro (proteomic and transcriptomic activity testing in cultured human dermal fibroblasts) to in vivo (short term patch test and longer term split-face clinical study) discovery pipeline, which enables the identification and characterisation of peptides with differential activities.RESULTS: Using this pipeline we show that cultured fibroblasts are responsive to all applied peptides but their associated bioactivity is sequence-dependent. Based on bioactivity, toxicity and protein source we further characterised a combination of two novel peptides, GPKG and LSVD, that act in vitro to enhance the transcription of matrix organisation and cell proliferation genes and in vivo, in a short-term patch test, to promote processes associated with epithelial and dermal maintenance and remodelling. Prolonged use of a formulation containing these peptides in a split-face clinical study led to significantly improved measures of crow's feet and firmness in a mixed-ethnicity population.CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that this approach to peptide discovery and testing can identify new synthetic matrikines, providing insights into biological mechanisms of tissue homeostasis and repair and new pathways to clinical intervention.</p

    Écritures autobiographiques

    No full text
    L’autobiographie, sous ses diffĂ©rentes formes, du journal intime au rĂ©cit de vie prĂ©tendument factuel, n’est pas simplement un rapport avec le lecteur matĂ©rialisĂ©, la main sur le cƓur, par un serment de sincĂ©ritĂ©, dont Rousseau aurait fourni le modĂšle insoupçonnable, mais plus encore, une relation Ă  soi-mĂȘme, Ă  un moi Ă©nigmatique pour celui qui est censĂ© le rĂ©vĂ©ler au public dans toute sa vĂ©ritĂ©. Sans nĂ©gliger la genĂšse du texte et ses modes de dĂ©voilement, matiĂšre privilĂ©giĂ©e de nombre d’études Ă©rudites sur les Ă©critures autobiographiques, mais en les considĂ©rant surtout comme des instruments et des rĂ©vĂ©lateurs, cet ouvrage tente de remonter au sens et Ă  l’origine de la dĂ©marche existentielle qui conduit un Ă©crivain Ă  se choisir soi-mĂȘme comme sujet de sa crĂ©ation. Au-delĂ  du tĂ©moignage irrĂ©prochable que le lecteur aimerait s’approprier en toute confiance, celle-ci s’avĂšre fatalement, par la vertu de son origine, Ɠuvre subjective oĂč la vĂ©ritĂ© est plus insaisissable que l’eau qui file entre les doigts. À l’aide d’exemples empruntĂ©s Ă  des Ă©crivains des deux siĂšcles prĂ©cĂ©dents, cet ouvrage tente Ă  partir d’approches mĂ©thodologiques diverses de cerner la relation psychologique et subversive, voire mystificatrice, qui s’établit entre l’auteur et ses Ă©crits autobiographiques

    Vers un capitalisme de plateforme ?

    No full text
    Le Corpus « Vers un capitalisme de plateforme ? » situe d’emblĂ©e les transformations radicales qu’introduisent les plateformes numĂ©riques dans le capitalisme contemporain ; en plusieurs endroits on pourrait d’ailleurs parler de rupture tant ces plateformes transforment le travail en lui-mĂȘme, ses conditions d’exercice et surtout l’emploi. Ce Corpus prĂ©sente les rĂ©sultats des premiĂšres enquĂȘtes rĂ©alisĂ©es dans divers domaines de l’économie de plateforme, enquĂȘtes largement centrĂ©es sur les transformations induites par cette derniĂšre. DerriĂšre ce modĂšle Ă©conomique jugĂ© innovant, une particularitĂ© fondamentale caractĂ©rise ce nouveau type de transaction Ă©conomique : les offreurs de travail sur les plateformes numĂ©riques sont bien souvent des particuliers, c’est-Ă -dire qu’ils ne sont pas salariĂ©s, ni mĂȘme nĂ©cessairement des professionnels. Ce sont eux qui possĂšdent l’outil de production et la force de travail qu’ils vendent en qualitĂ© d’indĂ©pendants, soit directement aux consommateurs, soit Ă  un intermĂ©diaire. Les travailleurs de ces plateformes assument les risques liĂ©s Ă  l’activitĂ© (investissement, clientĂšle, risque physique) tout en Ă©tant peu autonomes dans l’organisation de l’activitĂ© (processus calibrĂ©s, prix fixĂ©s par la plateforme, contrĂŽles par cette derniĂšre et par les consommateurs). Les mutations des statuts d’emploi et des formes d’organisation du travail, ainsi que les dĂ©placements des responsabilitĂ©s dans l’exercice de l’activitĂ© apparaissent comme majeurs et justifient l’usage du terme de « capitalisme de plateforme ». En effet, cette notion met l’accent sur la crĂ©ation de valeur et son partage, inĂ©galitaire, entre, d’une part, les dĂ©tenteurs des algorithmes, sites et applications que sont les plateformes et, d’autre part, les travailleurs prĂ©sents sur celles-ci qui doivent fournir les moyens de travail. En mettant au travail des indĂ©pendants, le capitalisme de plateforme, loin de leur confĂ©rer de l’autonomie, participe de l’émergence de formes renouvelĂ©es, voire exacerbĂ©es, de sujĂ©tion des travailleurs, visant Ă  les mobiliser, et cela Ă  l’écart des rĂ©gulations actuelles des mondes du travail. Ainsi le capitalisme de plateforme se situe Ă  la conjonction de l’utilisation d’innovations technologiques (l’Internet combinĂ© Ă  la puissance des algorithmes) et de dĂ©cisions politiques allant dans le sens d’un affaiblissement du salariat stable Ă  travers la promotion du travail indĂ©pendant, de courte durĂ©e, supposĂ©ment inscrit dans une logique de projets et de collaborations sans cesse renouvelĂ©es. L’étude de ces transformations pose trois questions majeures : comment (re)penser les frontiĂšres du travail et du hors-travail ? Les processus de fuite du salariat constituent-ils une innovation ou un retour en arriĂšre ? Qu’est-ce qui (re)fonde la relation et le contrat de travail ? Les quatre articles du Corpus rĂ©pondent, chacun Ă  leur maniĂšre Ă  ces questionnements. Avec un titre provocateur (« Le salariat : mort ou vif ? »), la rubrique Controverses fait dĂ©battre cinq spĂ©cialistes du travail et de l’emploi autour des questions suivantes : face Ă  l’omniprĂ©sence d’une rhĂ©torique annonçant un dĂ©clin du salariat au profit de l’emploi indĂ©pendant, comment Ă©valuer et interprĂ©ter la reconfiguration des conditions de mobilisation du travail ? Faut-il se fĂ©liciter de la fragilisation d’une institution salariale archaĂŻque ? Regretter un Ăąge d’or rĂ©volu ? Relativiser ce dĂ©clin ? Ou encore questionner plus largement le fait salarial, au-delĂ  de sa forme juridique ? Varia publie un article qui se concentre sur une catĂ©gorie de chĂŽmeurs fortement stigmatisĂ©e et parfois dĂ©signĂ©e comme « chĂŽmeurs volontaires ». Les personnes rencontrĂ©es se dĂ©clarant ouvertement « en non-recherche active d’emploi » ont pour point commun des expĂ©riences nĂ©gatives du salariat et des sensibilitĂ©s politiques contestataires de l’ordre socio-Ă©conomique prĂ©sent. Mais en mĂȘme temps, l’auteur montre combien, selon les origines sociales et le capital scolaire/universitaire acquis, les uns et les autres font face de maniĂšre diffĂ©renciĂ©e Ă  la prĂ©caritĂ© et affichent des discours divergents quant Ă  l’emploi stable. Autrement dit, au-delĂ  d’apparentes similitudes sur le refus du travail, s’impose une diversitĂ© de situations et de conceptions qui ouvrent de nouvelles interrogations sur le futur du travail. La rubrique Champs et contrechamps interroge Sophie Audier sur son dernier documentaire Les ChĂšvres de ma mĂšre, sorti en salle en 2018. Le film traite de la transmission et de la rupture lorsqu’approche la fin d’une activitĂ© professionnelle qui a structurĂ© le temps long d’une vie ? Sophie Audier mĂȘle le social et l’intime, l’économique, le politique et le local. Elle filme le moment oĂč sa mĂšre va se sĂ©parer de ses terres et de ses animaux et sa rencontre avec les normes europĂ©ennes incarnĂ©es par la jeune fille qui lui succĂ©dera. L’entretien conduit avec la rĂ©alisatrice montre en quoi la prĂ©paration dĂ©taillĂ©e et l’anticipation trĂšs prĂ©cise de ce que veut dire l’auteur, conditionnent la qualitĂ© du documentaire : une Ă©vidence du temps long pour certains, mais aussi des principes insupportables lĂ  oĂč rĂšgnent les exigences d’accĂ©lĂ©ration du tournage et de la rĂ©alisation filmique. Sophie Audier fait partager ses questionnements sur le montage et sur les rapports entre rĂ©alisateur et monteur. La rubrique MatĂ©riaux entre directement en rĂ©sonance avec le Corpus, puisqu’elle propose le rĂ©cit de Nathan, livreur Ă  vĂ©lo, Ă  travers plusieurs extraits d’un entretien rĂ©alisĂ© Ă  Paris en mars 2017. Nathan, agent administratif de l’Éducation nationale, exerce une seconde activitĂ© de livraison de repas pour une plateforme numĂ©rique. L’entretien trace le portrait d’une figure des travailleurs des plateformes : ni Ă©tudiant trouvant lĂ  un moyen relativement facile d’obtenir un revenu jugĂ© correct ni pseudo-indĂ©pendant aspirant au statut salarial, le cas de Nathan est celui d’une bi-activitĂ©, qui exacerbe la logique du cumul d’activitĂ©s permise par le statut de micro-entrepreneur. Par sa singularitĂ©, ce cas permet d’éclairer certains ressorts de l’engagement de ces jeunes hommes dans la course urbaine et de faire ressortir l’ambivalence d’une situation poussĂ©e Ă  son extrĂȘme, juxtaposant un discours clairvoyant et critique sur les conditions de travail et d’emploi et un engagement Ă  la fois important, rĂ©solu et relativement durable dans l’activitĂ© au service de la plateforme. Au nombre de onze, les Recensions et notes de lectures font Ă©tat des approches diffĂ©renciĂ©es des objets qui sont au centre des prĂ©occupations de la revue : les auteurs avancent des commentaires critiques et ouvrent des dĂ©bats qui appellent des rĂ©ponses..

    C9ORF72 repeat expansions in the frontotemporal dementias spectrum of diseases: a flow-chart for genetic testing.

    No full text
    International audienceFrontotemporal dementia (FTD) refers to a disease spectrum including the behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), primary progressive aphasia (PPA), progressive supranuclear palsy/corticobasal degeneration syndrome (PSP/CBDS), and FTD with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FTD-ALS). A GGGGCC expansion in C9ORF72 is a major cause of FTD and ALS. C9ORF72 was analyzed in 833 bvFTD, FTD-ALS, PPA, and PSP/CBDS probands; 202 patients from 151 families carried an expansion. C9ORF72 expansions were much more frequent in the large subgroup of patients with familial FTD-ALS (65.9%) than in those with pure FTD (12.8%); they were even more frequent than in familial pure ALS, according to estimated frequencies in the literature (23-50%). The frequency of carriers in non-familial FTD-ALS (12.7%) indicates that C9ORF72 should be analyzed even when family history is negative. Mutations were detected in 6.8% of PPA patients, and in 3.2% of patients with a clinical phenotype of PSP, thus enlarging the phenotype spectrum of C9ORF72. Onset was later in C9ORF72 (57.4 years, 95%CI: 55.9-56.1) than in MAPT patients (46.8, 95%CI: 43.0-50.6; p = 0.00001) and the same as in PGRN patients (59.6 years; 95%CI: 57.6-61.7; p = 0.4). ALS was more frequent in C9ORF72 than in MAPT and PGRN patients; onset before age 50 and parkinsonism were indicative of MAPT mutations, whereas hallucinations were indicative of PGRN mutations; prioritization of genetic testing is thus possible. Penetrance was age- and gender-dependent: by age 50, 78% of male carriers were symptomatic, but only 52% of females. This can also guide genetic testing and counseling. A flowchart for genetic testing is thus proposed
    corecore