Giant electrocaloric effect in thin film Pb Zr_0.95 Ti_0.05 O_3

An applied electric field can reversibly change the temperature of an electrocaloric material under adiabatic conditions, and the effect is strongest near phase transitions. This phenomenon has been largely ignored because only small effects (0.003 K V^-1) have been seen in bulk samples such as Pb0.99Nb0.02(Zr0.75Sn0.20Ti0.05)0.98O3 and there is no consensus on macroscopic models. Here we demonstrate a giant electrocaloric effect (0.48 K V^-1) in 300 nm sol-gel PbZr0.95Ti0.05O3 films near the ferroelectric Curie temperature of 222oC. We also discuss a solid state device concept for electrical refrigeration that has the capacity to outperform Peltier or magnetocaloric coolers. Our results resolve the controversy surrounding macroscopic models of the electrocaloric effect and may inspire ab initio calculations of electrocaloric parameters and thus a targeted search for new materials.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Giant Keplerate molecule Fe30 - the first octopole magnet

The multipole expansion technique is applied to one of the largest magnetic molecules, Fe30. The molecule's dipole, toroid and quadrupole magnetic moments are equal to zero (in the absence of magnetic field) so the multipole expansion starts from the octopole moment. Probably the Fe30 molecule is the most symmetrical magnetic body synthesized so far. The magnetization process is considered theoretically in different geometries. Some components of the octopole moment experience a jump while the magnetization rises linearly up to its saturation value. An elementary octopole moment consisting of four magnetic dipoles is proposed as a hint for designing of an experiment for measurement of octopole magnetic moment components.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figure

Student Youth Legal Consciousness: Formation Problems and Prospects

The Article Relevance. In order to build the state of law and civic society, it is necessary to increase legal education of all citizens of the state in the field of human rights and freedoms, forms and methods of their protection. It is especially important to involve young people in this process actively, instill in them the desire to know more about their rights and show more interest in the legal field. The aim of the study is a systematic analysis of the legal consciousness of young people and the forms of organization of legal education of young people. Research methods: as a research method, a questionnaire survey was used as a method of collecting primary information, which allows determining the level of development of the legal consciousness of students. Research results: the article analyzes the forms of organization of young people’s legal education; recommendations on the use of forms of organization of young people’s legal education are developed. The novelty and originality of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the legal activity of students was studied. The low awareness of students about the laws on the rights of youth and the youth environment was revealed. It is shown that the core in the formation of a young person’s social activity is ideological nature. It is revealed that students allocate informing, training, consulting and propagandizing forms of legal education of young people. It is shown that in higher educational institutions, legal education of young people is organized through training, informing and propagandizing forms through seminars, lectures, round tables, discussion clubs, mass media, printed publications, the Internet, social advertising. It is determined that for the organization of youth legal education one should take into account the wishes of the students: to develop programs of volunteerism, including the legal education of young people as activity; to develop a network of free youth agencies, in which young people can get all kinds of advice; regularly hold free legal aid. Insufficient legal literacy of students and unwillingness of the majority of students to participate in the solution of any social problems are revealed. It is shown that students demonstrate political passivity due to frustration and distraction of moral guidelines. Practical significance: The data obtained in this work can be used in legal psychology, jurisprudence, pedagogy, as well as for further theoretical development of this issue

Business cooperation technology between a swimming coach-instructor and parents of infants

The experimental program for the development of swimming skills in infants with the help of our proposed online pedagogical technology of cooperation between an instructor and parents to improve their health-improving competencies has shown greater efficiency compared to the traditional program. And it can be recommended for use in health-improving swimming centers for infants and in children’s clinic

Невикористані можливості: фармакоепідеміологічний аналіз динаміки споживання статинів в україні

The leading cause of mortality in Ukraine are cardiac and vascular diseases. Hypercholesteremia is an important risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A high preventive efficacy of statins for correction of hypercholesteremia and reduction of the risk of CVD has been proven by a great number of meta-analyzes. The purpose of our research is analysis of the consumption dynamics of the statins group drugs (C 10 A) in Ukraine during 2008-2012. To determine the volume of drug consumption the ATC/DDD-methodology and the data of the reference retrieval system “Medicines” of Morion company for 2008-2012 have been used. Based on the analysis of the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market of statins it has been shown that currently all 7 statins INN, which are available in the world, have been registered in the country; they are presented as a whole by 186 drugs, both of foreign and domestic manufacture. Thus, there is a real opportunity to use drugs of the group of statins in clinical practice. It has been determined that by the volume of consumption in DDDs/1000/ day index as of the beginning of 2013 statins are in the following order: atorvastatin (4.89) > simvastatin (1.92) > rozuvastin (0.25) > lovastatin (0.10) > fluvastatin (0.0023) > pravastatin (0.00012). Over the past five years the total volume of consumption of statins in Ukraine increased by more than twice. The comparison of the volume of the total consumption of statins and the incidence rates of CVD among the population has shown that only 0.12 million (0.26% of the Ukrainian population) take daily one DDD of one of statin drugs. Taking into account the fact that the prophylactic administration of statins should be done daily throughout the life the use of these drugs in Ukraine are now to be regarded as very low and does not correspond to the morbidity level of cardiovascular diseases.Ведущей причиной смертности в Украине являются заболевания сердца и сосудов. Важным фактором риска развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ) является гиперхолестеринемия. Большим количеством мета-анализов доказана высокая профилактическая эффективность применения статинов для коррекции гиперхолестеринемии и снижения риска ССЗ. Цель исследования – анализ динамики объема потребления препаратов группы статинов (С 10 А) в Украине в течение 2008-2012 гг. Для определения объема потребления лекарственных препаратов (ЛП) использована АTC/DDD-методология и данные справочно-поисковой системы «Лекарственные средства» компании Морион за 2008-2012 годы об объемах реализации ЛП. На основании результатов анализа украинского фармацевтического рынка статинов показано, что в настоящее время в стране зарегистриро- ваны все 7 МНН статинов, имеющиеся в мире, которые представлены в целом 186 ЛП как зарубежного, так и отечественного производства. Таким образом, существует реальная возможность использования ЛП группы статинов в широкой клинической практике. Определено, что по объему потребления в показателе DDDs/1000/ день по состоянию на начало 2013 г. статины располагаются в следующем порядке: аторвастатин (4,89) > симвастатин (1,92) > розувастин (0,25) > ловастатин (0,10) > флувастатин (0,0023) > правастатин (0,00012). В течение последних пяти лет общий объем потребления статинов в Украине вырос более чем в 2 раза. Сопоставление объема общего потребления статинов и уровня заболеваемости населения ССЗ показало, что только 0,12 млн человек (0,26% населения Украины) каждый день принимают одну DDD одного из препаратов статинов. Учитывая тот факт, что профилактический прием статинов должен осуществляться ежедневно на протяжении всей жизни, использование этих препаратов в Украине в настоящее время следует считать крайне низким и не соответствующим уровню заболеваемости населения сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями.Провідною причиною смертності в Україні є захворювання серця і судин. Важливим чинником ризику розвитку серцево-судинних захворювань (ССЗ) є гіперхолестеринемія. Великою кількістю мета-аналізів доведена висока профілактична ефективність застосування статинів для корекції гіперхолестеринемії і зниження ризику ССЗ. Мета дослідження – аналіз динаміки обсягу споживання препаратів групи статинів (С 10 А) в Україні протягом 2008-2012 рр. Для визначення обсягу споживання лікарських препаратів (ЛП) використано АTC/DDD- методологію та дані довідково-пошукової системи «Лікарські засоби» компанії Моріон за 2008-2012 роки про обсяги реалізації ЛП. За результатами аналізу українського фармацевтичного ринку статинів визначено, що на теперішній час у країні зареєстровані всі 7 міжнародних непатентованих назв (МНН) статинів, що наявні в світі, які представлені загалом 186 ЛП як закордонного, так і вітчизняного виробництва. Тобто, є реальна можливість використання ЛП групи статинів у широкій клінічній практиці. Визначено, що за обсягом споживання у показнику DDDs/1000/день станом на початок 2013 р. статини розташовуються наступним чином: аторвастатин (4,89) > симвастатин (1,92) > розувастин (0,25) > ловастатин (0,10) > флувастатин (0,0023) > правастатин (0,00012). Впродовж останніх п’яти років загальний обсяг споживання статинів в Україні зріс більше, ніж у 2 рази. Співставлення обсягу загального споживання статинів та рівня захворюваності населення на ССЗ показало, що лише 0,12 млн осіб (0,26% населення України) кожен день приймають одну DDD одного з препаратів статинів. Враховуючи той факт, що профілактичний прийом статинів повинен здійснюватися щоденно на протязі всього життя, використання цих препаратів в Україні на теперішній час слід вважати вкрай низьким та не відповідним рівню захворюваності населення на серцево-судинні хвороби

The internal structure of poly(methyl methacrylate) latexes in nonpolar solvents

Hypothesis: Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) latexes in nonpolar solvents are an excellent model system to understand phenomena in low dielectric media, and understanding their internal structure is critical to characterizing their performance in both fundamental studies of colloidal interactions and in potential industrial applications. Both the PMMA cores and the poly(12-hydroxystearic acid) (PHSA) shells of the latexes are known to be penetrable by solvent and small molecules, but the relevance of this for the properties of these particles is unknown. Experiments: These particles can be prepared in a broad range of sizes, and two PMMA latexes dispersed in n-dodecane (76 and 685 nm in diameter) were studied using techniques appropriate to their size. Small-angle scattering (using both neutrons and X-rays) was used to study the small latexes, and analytical centrifugation was used to study the large latexes. These studies enabled the calculation of the core densities and the amount of solvent in the stabilizer shells for both latexes. Both have consequences on interpreting measurements using these latexes. Findings: The PHSA shells are highly solvated (∼85% solvent by volume), as expected for effective steric stabilizers. However, the PHSA chains do contribute to the intensity of neutron scattering measurements on concentrated dispersions and cannot be ignored. The PMMA cores have a slightly lower density than PMMA homopolymer, which shows that only a small free volume is required to allow small molecules to penetrate into the cores. Interestingly, the observations are essentially the same, regardless of the size of the particle; these are general features of these polymer latexes. Despite the latexes being used as a model physical system, the internal chemical structure is complex and must be fully considered when characterizing them

Противоэпидемическая эффективность санитарно -просветительской работы с контингентами риска заражения чумой в Горно-Алтайском высокогорном природном очаге чумы

Objective is to reduce the risk of infection of people with plague in the territory of a natural focus on the basis of the targeted public health educational work with risk groups.Materials and methods. In 2017, 30 visits were made by epidemiological groups to livestock farms in the epizootic zone to inform the population about the existing risks of plague infection and to conduct interviews to assess the level of alertness regarding the risk of the disease. Work was carried out with risk contingents with coverage of 1652 people (81% of the total number of people living in livestock camps).Results. It was found that 64% of the respondents knew about the danger of plague infection in the region. 91% are aware of the role of marmots in infecting people with plague. 96.3% of respondents are aware of the ban on hunting groundhogs, while 39% continue to prey upon the grey (Altai) groundhog. The identified gaps in the population’s alertness regarding the risk of plague infection were eliminated through active sanitary and educational work with the population.Conclusion. Direct work with the population, anti-epidemic groups, significantly affected the provision of epidemiological welfare as regards plague, which is confirmed by the absence of human plague cases in the natural focus in 2017-2019. Цель – снижение риска заражения людей чумой на территории природного очага на основе кампании целенаправленной санитарно-просветительской работы с контингентами риска.Материалы и методы. В 2017 г. было осуществлено 30 выездов эпидемиологических групп на стоянки животноводов в зоне эпизоотии для информирования населения о существующих рисках заражения чумой и анкетирования с целью оценки уровня настороженности в отношении риска заболевания. Проведена работа с контингентами риска с охватом в 1652 человека (81% от общего количества людей, проживающих на животноводческих стоянках).Результаты. В ходе работы установлено, что знали об опасности заражения чумой в регионе 64% опрошенных. Осведомлены о роли сурков в заражении человека чумой – 91%. О запрете охоты на сурков известно 96,3% опрошенных, при этом 39% продолжают промысел серого (алтайского) сурка. Выявленные пробелы в настороженности населения в отношении риска заражения чумой удалось устранить за счет активной санитарно-просветительской работы с населением.Заключение. Прямая работа противоэпидемических групп с населением существенным образом сказалась на обеспечении санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия по чуме, что подтверждается отсутствием заболеваний людей чумой в природном очаге в 2017–2019 гг.

The sensorium at work: the sensory phenomenology of the working body

The sociology of the body and the sociology of work and occupations have both neglected to some extent the study of the ‘working body’ in paid employment, particularly with regard to empirical research into the sensory aspects of working practices. This gap is perhaps surprising given how strongly the sensory dimension features in much of working life. This article is very much a first step in calling for a more phenomenological, embodied and ‘fleshy’ perspective on the body in employment, and examines some of the theoretical and conceptual resources available to researchers wishing to focus on the lived working-body experiences of the sensorium. We also consider some possible representational forms for a more evocative, phenomenologically-inspired portrayal of sensory, lived-working-body experiences, and offer suggestions for future avenues of research