240 research outputs found
The International Law of Discovery, Indigenous Peoples, and Chile
law in force at the time they were asserted.11 We hope that our effort will add to the work that has already been completed, and to that which is currently under way, to erase the Doctrine from international and national laws and to help reverse some of its pernicious effects on indigenous peoples. In Part II, we describe what the Doctrine of Discovery is, how it was developed in Europe, and how it was applied by Spain in the New World. Part III examines Chilean history and law to investigate whether Spanish and Chilean governments applied the Doctrine to the indigenous peoples that inhabited that region. We conclude in Part IV that Chile, just as all colonizing settler countries, must first recognize their use of the feudal, ethnocentric, racial, and religiously inspired international law of Discovery against indigenous peoples. Any attempt to redress past wrongs, and to create a more positive and equal future for all Chileans, must begin with recognition of this truth. From there, serious efforts should be made to eradicate the vestiges of Discovery from Chilean law and culture
The International Law of Discovery, Indigenous Peoples, and Chile
law in force at the time they were asserted.11 We hope that our effort will add to the work that has already been completed, and to that which is currently under way, to erase the Doctrine from international and national laws and to help reverse some of its pernicious effects on indigenous peoples. In Part II, we describe what the Doctrine of Discovery is, how it was developed in Europe, and how it was applied by Spain in the New World. Part III examines Chilean history and law to investigate whether Spanish and Chilean governments applied the Doctrine to the indigenous peoples that inhabited that region. We conclude in Part IV that Chile, just as all colonizing settler countries, must first recognize their use of the feudal, ethnocentric, racial, and religiously inspired international law of Discovery against indigenous peoples. Any attempt to redress past wrongs, and to create a more positive and equal future for all Chileans, must begin with recognition of this truth. From there, serious efforts should be made to eradicate the vestiges of Discovery from Chilean law and culture
Dichotomy in host environments and signs of recycled AGN
We analyse the relation between AGN host properties and large scale
environment for a representative red and blue AGN host galaxy sample selected
from the DR4 SDSS. A comparison is made with two carefully constructed control
samples of non-active galaxies, covering the same redshift range and color
baseline. The cross-correlation functions show that the density distribution of
neighbours is almost identical for blue galaxies, either active, or non-active.
Although active red galaxies inhabit environments less dense compared to
non-active red galaxies, both reside in environments considerably denser than
those of blue hosts. Moreover, the radial density profile of AGN, relative to
galaxy group centres is less concentrated than galaxies. This is particularly
evident when comparing red AGN and non-active galaxies.
The properties of the neighbouring galaxies of blue and red AGN and non
active galaxies reflect this effect. While the neighbourhood of the blue
samples is indistinguishable, the red AGN environs show an excess of blue-star
forming galaxies with respect to their non-active counterpart. On the other
hand, the active and non-active blue systems have similar environments but
markedly different morphological distributions, showing an excess of blue
early-type AGN, which are argued to be late stage mergers. This comparison
reveals that the observable differences between active red and blue host galaxy
properties including star formation history and AGN activity depends on the
environment within which the galaxies form and evolve.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
Positive words carry less information than negative words
We show that the frequency of word use is not only determined by the word
length \cite{Zipf1935} and the average information content
\cite{Piantadosi2011}, but also by its emotional content. We have analyzed
three established lexica of affective word usage in English, German, and
Spanish, to verify that these lexica have a neutral, unbiased, emotional
content. Taking into account the frequency of word usage, we find that words
with a positive emotional content are more frequently used. This lends support
to Pollyanna hypothesis \cite{Boucher1969} that there should be a positive bias
in human expression. We also find that negative words contain more information
than positive words, as the informativeness of a word increases uniformly with
its valence decrease. Our findings support earlier conjectures about (i) the
relation between word frequency and information content, and (ii) the impact of
positive emotions on communication and social links.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, 3 table
Less than 10 percent of star formation in z=0.6 massive galaxies is triggered by major interactions
Both observations and simulations show that major tidal interactions or
mergers between gas-rich galaxies can lead to intense bursts of starformation.
Yet, the average enhancement in star formation rate (SFR) in major mergers and
the contribution of such events to the cosmic SFR are not well estimated. Here
we use photometric redshifts, stellar masses and UV SFRs from COMBO-17, 24
micron SFRs from Spitzer and morphologies from two deep HST cosmological survey
fields (ECDFS/GEMS and A901/STAGES) to study the enhancement in SFR as a
function of projected galaxy separation. We apply two-point projected
correlation function techniques, which we augment with morphologically-selected
very close pairs (separation <2 arcsec) and merger remnants from the HST
imaging. Our analysis confirms that the most intensely star-forming systems are
indeed interacting or merging. Yet, for massive (M* > 10^10 Msun) star-forming
galaxies at 0.4<z<0.8, we find that the SFRs of galaxies undergoing a major
interaction (mass ratios <1:4 and separations < 40 kpc) are only 1.80 +/- 0.30
times higher than the SFRs of non-interacting galaxies when averaged over all
interactions and all stages of the interaction, in good agreement with other
observational works.
We demonstrate that these results imply that <10% of star formation at 0.4 <
z < 0.8 is triggered directly by major mergers and interactions; these events
are not important factors in the build-up of stellar mass since z=1.Comment: Submitted to ApJ. 41 pages, 11 figure
Dificultades en el proceso de distribución, como elemento clave en la cadena de suministros
La cadena de suministro es el conjunto de procesos para posicionar e intercambiar materiales,
servicios, productos semi-terminados, productos terminados, operaciones de post acabado
logístico, de posventa y logística inversa, así como de información, en la logística integrada que
va des de la procuración y adquisición de materia prima hasta la entrega y puesta en servicio de
productos terminados al consumidor final.
Todas las empresas están de un modo u otro en una cadena de suministro, dado que no son
autosuficientes en un mercado cada vez más especializado. La selección de proveedores,
combinada con los clientes, crean el núcleo de la cadena de suministro de una empresa. La
tecnología juega un papel importante al facilitar la integración con los clientes, así como con
proveedores de materiales y servicios.The supply chain is the set of processes to position and exchange materials,
Services, semi-finished products, finished products, post-finishing operations.
logistics, after-sales and reverse logistics, as well as information, in integrated logistics that
in the process of
Finished products to the final consumer.
All companies are in one way or another in a supply chain, since they are not
Self-sufficient in an increasingly specialized market. The selection of suppliers,
combined with customers, they create the core of a company's supply chain. The
Technology plays an important role in facilitating integration with customers, as well as with
Suppliers of materials and services
Caribbean Corals in Crisis: Record Thermal Stress, Bleaching, and Mortality in 2005
BACKGROUND The rising temperature of the world's oceans has become a major threat to coral reefs globally as the severity and frequency of mass coral bleaching and mortality events increase. In 2005, high ocean temperatures in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean resulted in the most severe bleaching event ever recorded in the basin. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Satellite-based tools provided warnings for coral reef managers and scientists, guiding both the timing and location of researchers' field observations as anomalously warm conditions developed and spread across the greater Caribbean region from June to October 2005. Field surveys of bleaching and mortality exceeded prior efforts in detail and extent, and provided a new standard for documenting the effects of bleaching and for testing nowcast and forecast products. Collaborators from 22 countries undertook the most comprehensive documentation of basin-scale bleaching to date and found that over 80% of corals bleached and over 40% died at many sites. The most severe bleaching coincided with waters nearest a western Atlantic warm pool that was centered off the northern end of the Lesser Antilles. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Thermal stress during the 2005 event exceeded any observed from the Caribbean in the prior 20 years, and regionally-averaged temperatures were the warmest in over 150 years. Comparison of satellite data against field surveys demonstrated a significant predictive relationship between accumulated heat stress (measured using NOAA Coral Reef Watch's Degree Heating Weeks) and bleaching intensity. This severe, widespread bleaching and mortality will undoubtedly have long-term consequences for reef ecosystems and suggests a troubled future for tropical marine ecosystems under a warming climate.This work was partially supported by salaries from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program to the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program authors. NOAA provided funding to Caribbean ReefCheck investigators to undertake surveys of bleaching and mortality. Otherwise, no funding from outside authors' institutions was necessary for the undertaking of this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
Genome-wide studies of mRNA synthesis and degradation in eukaryotes
In recent years, the use of genome-wide technologies has revolutionized the study of eukaryotic transcription producing results for thousands of genes at every step of mRNA life. The statistical analyses of the results for a single condition, different conditions, different transcription stages, or even between different techniques, is outlining a totally new landscape of the eukaryotic transcription process. Although most studies have been conducted in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model cell, others have also focused on higher eukaryotes, which can also be comparatively analyzed. The picture which emerges is that transcription is a more variable process than initially suspected, with large differences between genes at each stage of the process, from initiation to mRNA degradation, but with striking similarities for functionally related genes, indicating that all steps are coordinately regulated. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Nuclear Transport and RNA Processing
The Gene Regulatory Cascade Linking Proneural Specification with Differentiation in Drosophila Sensory Neurons
Temporal expression profiling of sensory precursor cells reveals how the atonal proneural transcription factor regulates a specialized neuronal differentiation pathway
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