Implementación de la sostenibilidad empresarial en micro y pequeñas empresas: caso “Programa de Negocios Competitivos para pymes”

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar cómo las micro y pequeñas empresas se están incorporando a la sostenibilidad empresarial., fenómeno que puede darse gracias a iniciativas como la propuesta por la Global Reporting Initiative y Perú 2021, cuyo “Programa de Negocios Competitivos para Pymes” busca fomentar la sostenibilidad en los proveedores de grandes empresas, por medio de la realización de un reporte de sostenibilidad. Para ello, se empleó una metodología con un enfoque cualitativo con alcance exploratorio y descriptivo. Para lograr los objetivos de investigación se realizó un análisis documentario de los reportes de sostenibilidad de las mypes participantes del mencionado programa, así como entrevistas a profundidad a determinadas mypes y a sus clientes corporativos. La recolección de la información se hizo para analizar los cambios por los que pueden pasar las empresas al momento de implementar la sostenibilidad empresarial dentro de su gestión organizacional, la cual puede enfrentarse a diversas dificultades ligadas a sus recursos y tamaño. Como resultado del estudio se obtuvo hallazgos donde se rescata una creciente tendencia en las mypes por desarrollar la sostenibilidad, la cual está clasificada en niveles dependiendo de la gestión que han podido ejercer las mypes. Como resultado adicional se ha concluido la relevancia de agentes externos a estos pequeños negocios, que pueden brindar guía entorno a cómo desarrollar una estrategia de sostenibilidad

Mapping Chilean clinical research : A protocol for a scoping review and multiple evidence gap maps

Introduction Clinical research broadly aims to influence decision-making in order to promote appropriate healthcare. Funding agencies should prioritise research projects according to needed research topics, methodological and cost-effectiveness considerations, and expected social value. In Chile, there is no local diagnosis regarding recent clinical research that might inform prioritisation for future research funding. This research aims to comprehensively identify and classify Chilean health research studies, elaborating evidence gap maps for the most burdensome local conditions. Methods and analysis We will search in electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS and WoS) and perform hand searches to retrieve, identify and classify health research studies conducted in Chile or by authors whose affiliations are based in Chile, from 2000 onwards. We will elaborate evidence matrices for the 20 conditions with the highest burden in Chile (according to the Global Burden of Disease 2019) selected from those defined under the General Regime of the Health Guarantees Act. To elaborate the evidence gap maps, we will consider prioritised interventions and core outcome sets. To identify knowledge gaps and estimate redundant research, we will contrast these gap maps with the available international evidence of high or moderate certainty of evidence, for each specific clinical question. For this purpose, we will search systematic reviews using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Ethics and dissemination No ethical approval is required to conduct this project. We will submit our results in both peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences. We will aim to disseminate our findings through different academic platforms, social media, local press, among others. The final results will be communicated to local funding agencies and government stakeholders. Discussion We aim to provide an accurate and up-to-date picture of the research gaps - to be filled by new future findings - and the identification of redundant research, which will constitute relevant information for local decision-makers

Doppler Shift Characterization of Wideband Mobile Radio Channels

Author's accepted manuscript (post-print).© 20XX IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Available from 08/10/2021.acceptedVersio

El crimen contra la humanidad de encarcelacion u otra privacion grave de la libertad fisica en violacion a normas fundamentales de derecho internacional. Hacia una conceptualizacion moderna del cas d' éspece

45 h. ; 28 cm.El presente trabajo analiza desde la metodología jurídicodogmática, el crimen contra la humanidad de encarcelación u otra privación grave de la libertad física en violación a normas fundamentales de Derecho Internacional, tipificado por el artículo 7 número 1 letra e) del Estatuto de Roma. Contiene una revisión tanto a los elementos comunes de los crímenes contra la humanidad como a los elementos específicos de la figura mencionada, a objeto de desentrañar el verdadero sentido y alcance de los pasajes vagos u obscuros contenidos en su redacción. Se hace referencia tanto a la jurisprudencia aplicable, emanada de los Tribunales Penales Internacionales para Ruanda y la ex Yugoslavia, como a la más importante y pertinente doctrina especializada en la materia, buscando respuestas a cruciales preguntas como ¿cuándo una privación de la libertad física puede considerarse grave? O ¿qué normas de Derecho Internacional se consideran fundamentales a efectos de configurar el crimen en estudio

Features Constituting Actionable COVID-19 Dashboards:Descriptive Assessment and Expert Appraisal of 158 Public Web-Based COVID-19 Dashboards

Background: Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the development of dashboards as dynamic, visual tools for communicating COVID-19 data has surged worldwide. Dashboards can inform decision-making and support behavior change. To do so, they must be actionable. The features that constitute an actionable dashboard in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have not been rigorously assessed. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the characteristics of public web-based COVID-19 dashboards by assessing their purpose and users (“why”), content and data (“what”), and analyses and displays (“how” they communicate COVID-19 data), and ultimately to appraise the common features of highly actionable dashboards. Methods: We conducted a descriptive assessment and scoring using nominal group technique with an international panel of experts (n=17) on a global sample of COVID-19 dashboards in July 2020. The sequence of steps included multimethod sampling of dashboards; development and piloting of an assessment tool; data extraction and an initial round of actionability scoring; a workshop based on a preliminary analysis of the results; and reconsideration of actionability scores followed by joint determination of common features of highly actionable dashboards. We used descriptive statistics and thematic analysis to explore the findings by research question. Results: A total of 158 dashboards from 53 countries were assessed. Dashboards were predominately developed by government authorities (100/158, 63.0%) and were national (93/158, 58.9%) in scope. We found that only 20 of the 158 dashboards (12.7%) stated both their primary purpose and intended audience. Nearly all dashboards reported epidemiological indicators (155/158, 98.1%), followed by health system management indicators (85/158, 53.8%), whereas indicators on social and economic impact and behavioral insights were the least reported (7/158, 4.4% and 2/158, 1.3%, respectively). Approximately a quarter of the dashboards (39/158, 24.7%) did not report their data sources. The dashboards predominately reported time trends and disaggregated data by two geographic levels and by age and sex. The dashboards used an average of 2.2 types of displays (SD 0.86); these were mostly graphs and maps, followed by tables. To support data interpretation, color-coding was common (93/158, 89.4%), although only one-fifth of the dashboards (31/158, 19.6%) included text explaining the quality and meaning of the data. In total, 20/158 dashboards (12.7%) were appraised as highly actionable, and seven common features were identified between them. Actionable COVID-19 dashboards (1) know their audience and information needs; (2) manage the type, volume, and flow of displayed information; (3) report data sources and methods clearly; (4) link time trends to policy decisions; (5) provide data that are “close to home”; (6) break down the population into relevant subgroups; and (7) use storytelling and visual cues. Conclusions: COVID-19 dashboards are diverse in the why, what, and how by which they communicate insights on the pandemic and support data-driven decision-making. To leverage their full potential, dashboard developers should consider adopting the seven actionability features identified

Identifying the SN 2022acko progenitor with JWST

We report on analysis using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to identify a candidate progenitor star of the Type II-plateau supernova SN 2022acko in the nearby, barred spiral galaxy NGC 1300. To our knowledge, our discovery represents the first time JWST has been used to localize a progenitor system in pre-explosion archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images. We astrometrically registered a JWST NIRCam image from 2023 January, in which the SN was serendipitously captured, to pre-SN HST F160W and F814W images from 2017 and 2004, respectively. An object corresponding precisely to the SN position has been isolated with reasonable confidence. That object has a spectral energy distribution (SED) and overall luminosity consistent with a single-star model having an initial mass possibly somewhat less than the canonical 8 Msun theoretical threshold for core collapse (although masses as high as 9 Msun for the star are also possible); however, the star's SED and luminosity are inconsistent with that of a super-asymptotic giant branch star which might be a forerunner of an electron-capture SN. The properties of the progenitor alone imply that SN 2022acko is a relatively normal SN II-P, albeit most likely a low-luminosity one. The progenitor candidate should be confirmed with follow-up HST imaging at late times, when the SN has sufficiently faded. This potential use of JWST opens a new era of identifying SN progenitor candidates at high spatial resolution.Comment: 8 pages, substantial changes from v1, to appear in MNRA

Do ecosystem insecurity and social vulnerability lead to failure of water security?

Achieving water security for humans and ecosystems is a pervasive challenge globally. Extensive areas of the Americas are at significant risk of water insecurity, resulting from global-change processes coupled with regional and local impacts. Drought, flooding, and water quality challenges pose significant threats, while at the same time, rapid urban expansion, competing water demands, river modifications, and expanding global markets for water-intensive agricultural products drive water insecurity. This paper takes a social-ecological systems perspective, aiming to identify examples and pathways towards resilient ecosystems and social development. It draws on lessons from two science-policy network projects, one focusing on water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions of Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Peru, Mexico and the United States; and the second addressing river and lake basins as sentinels of climate variability and human effects on water quantity and quality in Canada, the United States, Argentina, Colombia, Uruguay and Chile. Together, these ?complementary contrasts? provide an analytical basis to empirically examine stakeholder engagement, knowledge co-production and science-policy interaction supporting decision-making to achieve water security. The paper identifies four tenets for decision-making based on water-security-focused global-change science in the Americas: 1) Decision makers should focus on protecting ecosystems because water security (along with food and energy security) depend on them; 2) Water-use and allocation decisions ought to be made considering future environmental and societal vulnerabilities, especially climate projections; 3) Holistic approaches (at basin or other appropriate levels) are best suited to ensure social-ecological system resilience and reduce vulnerability; and 4) It is essential to support local/traditional livelihoods, and underserved populations to achieve equitable water security and ecosystem resilience.Fil: Scott, Christopher A.. University of Arizona; Estados UnidosFil: Zilio, Mariana Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Harmon, Thomas Christopher. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Zuniga Teran, Adriana. University of Arizona; Estados UnidosFil: Díaz Caravantes, Rolando. El Colegio de Sonora; MéxicoFil: Hoyos, Natalia. Universidad del Norte; ColombiaFil: Perillo, Gerardo Miguel E.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Meza, Andrés Francisco. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Varady, Robert G.. University of Arizona; Estados UnidosFil: Neto, Alfredo Ribeiro. Universidade Federal da Bahia; BrasilFil: Velez, Maria Isabel. University Of Regina; CanadáFil: Martin, Facundo Damian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Escobar, Jaime. Universidad del Norte; ColombiaFil: Piccolo, Maria Cintia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mussetta, Paula Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Montenegro, Suzana. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Rusak, James A.. Ontario Ministry Of The Environment; CanadáFil: Pineda, Nicolas. El Colegio de Sonora; Méxic

SN 2022jox: An extraordinarily ordinary Type II SN with Flash Spectroscopy

We present high cadence optical and ultraviolet observations of the Type II supernova (SN), SN 2022jox which exhibits early spectroscopic high ionization flash features of \ion{H}{1}, \ion{He}{2}, \ion{C}{4}, and \ion{N}{4} that disappear within the first few days after explosion. SN 2022jox was discovered by the Distance Less than 40 Mpc (DLT40) survey $\sim$0.75 days after explosion with followup spectra and UV photometry obtained within minutes of discovery. The SN reached a peak brightness of M$_V \sim$ $-$17.3 mag, and has an estimated $^{56}$Ni mass of 0.04 M$_{\odot}$, typical values for normal Type II SNe. The modeling of the early lightcurve and the strong flash signatures present in the optical spectra indicate interaction with circumstellar material (CSM) created from a progenitor with a mass loss rate of $\dot{M} \sim 10^{-3}-10^{-2}\ M_\odot\ \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$. There may also be some indication of late-time CSM interaction in the form of an emission line blueward of H$\alpha$ seen in spectra around 200 days. The mass-loss rate is much higher than the values typically associated with quiescent mass loss from red supergiants, the known progenitors of Type II SNe, but is comparable to inferred values from similar core collapse SNe with flash features, suggesting an eruptive event or a superwind in the progenitor in the months or years before explosion.Comment: Submitted to Ap

Shock Cooling and Possible Precursor Emission in the Early Light Curve of the Type II SN 2023ixf

We present the densely sampled early light curve of the Type II supernova (SN) 2023ixf, first observed within hours of explosion in the nearby Pinwheel Galaxy (Messier 101; 6.7 Mpc). Comparing these data to recently updated models of shock cooling emission, we find that the progenitor likely had a radius of $410 \pm 10\ R_\odot$ (statistical uncertainty only), consistent with a red supergiant. These models provide a good fit to the data starting about 1 day after the explosion, despite the fact that the classification spectrum shows signatures of circumstellar material around SN 2023ixf during that time. Photometry during the first day after the explosion, provided almost entirely by amateur astronomers, does not agree with the shock cooling models or a simple power-law rise fit to data after 1 day. We consider the possible causes of this discrepancy, including precursor activity from the progenitor star, circumstellar interaction, and emission from the shock before or after it breaks out of the stellar surface. The very low luminosity ($-11\mathrm{\ mag} > M > -14\mathrm{\ mag}$) and short duration of the initial excess leads us to prefer a scenario related to prolonged emission from the SN shock traveling through the progenitor system.Comment: submitted to ApJ

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected