Conhecimento das mães no puerpério sobre a desobstrução das vias aéreas em recém-nascidos

Foreign body aspiration or choking is characterized as a condition in which an object or substance enters the airway. In the case of children, when incomplete choking occurs, the signs can be high respiratory rate, coughing and crying. In complete choking, the child has a purplish mouth, lack of air, inability to cough or cry, and the maneuver is necessary. It is essential that parents are trained to unblock the airways properly and efficiently, and health professionals play a key role in educating pregnant women and their families. This is an integrative literature review. 15 articles were found. Then, 4 categories emerged, the main reasons that can result in choking in the newborn, lack of knowledge of postpartum women regarding first aid in choking episodes, the role of nurses in guiding the puerperal woman in prevention and in the moment of choking, educational method for better understanding of the Heimlich Maneuver. It is considered that the difficulties of postpartum mothers go beyond knowledge about the subject, which includes living conditions, access to knowledge, occupations at work, housework, irregularity in the search for care in the care of the NB and domestic dangers.A aspiração de corpo estranho ou engasgo é caracterizada como uma condição em que um objeto ou substância adentra nas vias aéreas. Se tratando de crianças, quando ocorre o engasgo incompleto, os sinais podem ser a frequência respiratória elevada, tosse e choro. No engasgo completo, a criança apresenta boca arroxeada, ausência ar, inaptidão para tossir ou chorar, sendo necessário a realização da manobra. É imprescindível que pais estejam capacitados para realizar a desobstruir as vias respiratórias de modo adequado e eficiente e os profissionais da saúde desempenham um papel primordial na educação à gestante e familiares. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Foram encontrados 15 artigos. Emergiram, então, 4 categorias, os principais motivos que podem resultar o engasgo no recém-nascido, déficit de conhecimento das puérperas frente aos primeiros socorros em episódios de engasgo, o papel do enfermeiro na orientação à puérpera na prevenção e no instante do engasgo, método educativo para melhor compreensão da Manobra de Heimlich. Considera-se que as dificuldades das mães puérperas vão além do conhecimento sobre o assunto, o que inclui condições de vida, acesso ao conhecimento, ocupações no trabalho, afazeres de casa, irregularidade na busca por atendimento na atenção do RN e os perigos domésticos

Conhecimento das mães no puerpério sobre a desobstrução das vias aéreas em recém-nascidos

Foreign body aspiration or choking is characterized as a condition in which an object or substance enters the airway. In the case of children, when incomplete choking occurs, the signs can be high respiratory rate, coughing and crying. In complete choking, the child has a purplish mouth, lack of air, inability to cough or cry, and the maneuver is necessary. It is essential that parents are trained to unblock the airways properly and efficiently, and health professionals play a key role in educating pregnant women and their families. This is an integrative literature review. 15 articles were found. Then, 4 categories emerged, the main reasons that can result in choking in the newborn, lack of knowledge of postpartum women regarding first aid in choking episodes, the role of nurses in guiding the puerperal woman in prevention and in the moment of choking, educational method for better understanding of the Heimlich Maneuver. It is considered that the difficulties of postpartum mothers go beyond knowledge about the subject, which includes living conditions, access to knowledge, occupations at work, housework, irregularity in the search for care in the care of the NB and domestic dangers.A aspiração de corpo estranho ou engasgo é caracterizada como uma condição em que um objeto ou substância adentra nas vias aéreas. Se tratando de crianças, quando ocorre o engasgo incompleto, os sinais podem ser a frequência respiratória elevada, tosse e choro. No engasgo completo, a criança apresenta boca arroxeada, ausência ar, inaptidão para tossir ou chorar, sendo necessário a realização da manobra. É imprescindível que pais estejam capacitados para realizar a desobstruir as vias respiratórias de modo adequado e eficiente e os profissionais da saúde desempenham um papel primordial na educação à gestante e familiares. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Foram encontrados 15 artigos. Emergiram, então, 4 categorias, os principais motivos que podem resultar o engasgo no recém-nascido, déficit de conhecimento das puérperas frente aos primeiros socorros em episódios de engasgo, o papel do enfermeiro na orientação à puérpera na prevenção e no instante do engasgo, método educativo para melhor compreensão da Manobra de Heimlich. Considera-se que as dificuldades das mães puérperas vão além do conhecimento sobre o assunto, o que inclui condições de vida, acesso ao conhecimento, ocupações no trabalho, afazeres de casa, irregularidade na busca por atendimento na atenção do RN e os perigos domésticos

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved