Producción de materiales nanoestructurados para el control de emisiones evaporativas

En este trabajo se pretende estudiar una posible solución a un importante problema tecnológico derivado de la incorporación de etanol y otros biocombustibles a las gasolinas. Con la finalidad de reducir las emisiones de CO2 causadas por el tráfico se han incorporado nuevos biocombustibles a las gasolinas. Estos biocombustibles sin embargo, generan otro problema y es que al ser más volátiles aumentan las pérdidas por emisiones evaporativas. De hecho, el 40% de las emisiones de compuestos orgánicos volátiles no metano (COVNM) provienen del sector del transporte y de estás, el 20% son atribuidas a las pérdidas evaporativas desde el tanque de combustible. Es por tanto necesario el desarrollo de nuevos sistemas para su control. En este proyecto se ha estudiado el posible empleo del carbón ordenado mesoporoso CMK-3 activado con CO2 a diferentes temperaturas como alternativa a los carbones activados comerciales en los sistemas de control de emisiones de vehículos. Para ello en este proyecto se ha abordado la preparación de muestras de CMK-3 y su posterior activación con CO2 a diferentes temperaturas. Se han estudiado las propiedades texturales y la capacidad de adsorción de las diferentes muestras, así como de la temperatura de activación que ofrezca un mejor compromiso entre activación y pérdidas de material debidas a la oxidación con el CO2. Posteriormente estos materiales han sido probados en un sistema experimental de control de emisiones evaporativas con gasolinas modelo con y sin etanol. Los carbones CMK-3 activados a diferentes temperaturas presentan una mayor eficacia en la disminución de las emisiones evaporativas en mezclas gasolina/etanol que los carbones comerciales, demostrando por tanto que son una opción válida en el desarrollo de los nuevos sistemas de control de emisiones evaporativas que se estudiarán en investigaciones posteriores

Producción de materiales nanoestructurados para el control de emisiones evaporativas

En este trabajo se pretende estudiar una posible solución a un importante problema tecnológico derivado de la incorporación de etanol y otros biocombustibles a las gasolinas. Con la finalidad de reducir las emisiones de CO2 causadas por el tráfico se han incorporado nuevos biocombustibles a las gasolinas. Estos biocombustibles sin embargo, generan otro problema y es que al ser más volátiles aumentan las pérdidas por emisiones evaporativas. De hecho, el 40% de las emisiones de compuestos orgánicos volátiles no metano (COVNM) provienen del sector del transporte y de estás, el 20% son atribuidas a las pérdidas evaporativas desde el tanque de combustible. Es por tanto necesario el desarrollo de nuevos sistemas para su control. En este proyecto se ha estudiado el posible empleo del carbón ordenado mesoporoso CMK-3 activado con CO2 a diferentes temperaturas como alternativa a los carbones activados comerciales en los sistemas de control de emisiones de vehículos. Para ello en este proyecto se ha abordado la preparación de muestras de CMK-3 y su posterior activación con CO2 a diferentes temperaturas. Se han estudiado las propiedades texturales y la capacidad de adsorción de las diferentes muestras, así como de la temperatura de activación que ofrezca un mejor compromiso entre activación y pérdidas de material debidas a la oxidación con el CO2. Posteriormente estos materiales han sido probados en un sistema experimental de control de emisiones evaporativas con gasolinas modelo con y sin etanol. Los carbones CMK-3 activados a diferentes temperaturas presentan una mayor eficacia en la disminución de las emisiones evaporativas en mezclas gasolina/etanol que los carbones comerciales, demostrando por tanto que son una opción válida en el desarrollo de los nuevos sistemas de control de emisiones evaporativas que se estudiarán en investigaciones posteriores

High-sensitivity troponin T: a potential safety predictive biomarker for discharge from the emergency department of patients with confirmed influenza

The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between the high-sensitivity troponin T levels in patients with confirmed influenza virus infection and its severity determined by mortality during the care process. In addition, a high-sensitivity troponin T cut-off value was sought to allow us to a safe discharge from the emergency department. An analytical retrospective observational study was designed in which high-sensitivity troponin T is determined as an exposure factor, patients are followed until the resolution of the clinical picture, and the frequency of mortality is analyzed. We included patients ? 16 years old with confirmed influenza virus infection and determination of high-sensitivity troponin T. One hundred twenty-eight patients were included (96.9% survivors, 3.1% deceased). Mean and median blood levels of high-sensitivity troponin T of survivors were 26.2 ± 58.3 ng/L and 14.5 ng/L (IQR 16 ng/L), respectively, and were statistically different when compared with those of the deceased patients, 120.5 ± 170.1 ng/L and 40.5 ng/L (IQR 266.5 ng/L), respectively, p = 0.012. The Youden index using mortality as the reference method was 0.76, and the cut-off value associated with this index was 24 ng/L (sensitivity 100%, specificity 76%, NPV 100%, PPV 4%) with AUC of 88,8% (95% CI: 79.8?92.2%), p < 0.001. We conclude that high-sensitivity troponin T levels in confirmed virus influenza infection are a good predictor of mortality in our population, and this predictor is useful for safely discharging patients from the emergency department

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe

Relación del ácido naftalenácetico en componentes de calidad de melón Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.)

The aim was to determine the influence of naphthaleneacetic acid on the quality and yield components of 'Navigator' and 'Thunderbird' muskmelons. The experiment was carried out in the experimental field of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Autonomous University of Baja California. Three treatments of naphthaleneacetic acid (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg L-1) plus a control (0.0 mg L-1) were evaluated in a completely randomized design with four repetitions; the study variables were weight, equatorial length, polar length, concentration of total soluble solids (TSS), pulp firmness, pulp color and aromatic compounds. The results show that the three naphthaleneacetic acid treatments induced greater firmness and TSS content in 'Navigator' muskmelon fruits, while for 'Thunderbird' these treatments induced less firmness and TSS content. The naphthaleneacetic acid treatments increased the concentration of ethyl propionate and butyl acetate in 'Navigator'; for 'Thunderbird', the treatments were associated with a higher concentration of ethyl isobutyrate and ethyl acetate. The three naphthaleneacetic acid treatments had no significant effect on weight and equatorial and polar length compared to the control. Naphthaleneacetic acid influenced the quality parameters of the fruits but did have significant effects on the yield components.El objetivo fue determinar la influencia del ácido naftalenacético en la calidad y en componentes del rendimiento de melones tipo Cantaloupe 'Navigator' y Thunderbird'. El experimento se realizó en el campo experimental del Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Se evaluaron tres tratamientos de ácido naftalenacético (0.1, 0.2 y 0.4 mg L-1) más un testigo (0.0 mg L-1), en un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones; las variables de estudio fueron peso, longitud ecuatorial, longitud polar, concentración de sólidos solubles totales (SST), firmeza de pulpa, color de la pulpa y compuestos aromáticos. Los resultados muestran que los tres tratamientos de ácido naftalenacético indujeron mayor firmeza y contenido de SST en frutos de melón 'Navigator', mientras que para 'Thunderbird' estos tratamientos indujeron menor firmeza y contenido de SST. Los tratamientos de ácido naftalenacético incrementaron la concentración de propionato de etilo y acetato de butilo en 'Navigator', para 'Thunderbird' los tratamientos se relacionaron con mayor concentración de isobutirato de etilo y acetato de etilo. Los tres tratamientos de ácido naftalenacético no presentaron efecto significativo para peso, longitud ecuatorial y polar en comparación con el testigo. El ácido naftalenacético influyó en los parámetros de calidad de los frutos, pero no ocasionó efectos significativos en los componentes del rendimiento

Synthesis and Hydrodynamic Modeling Study of Epoxy/Carbon Nanospheres (Epoxy-CNS) Composite Coatings for Water Filtration Applications

Coatings for filtration applications based on epoxy resin mixtures with isopropanol were synthesized using the dip-coating technique. The nanomaterials used were carbon nanospheres (CNS) synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and commercially obtained Vulcan XC-72 (VC). The permeation flux and permeability of the coatings were determined by vacuum filtration of pure water applying different working pressures obtaining maximum values of 0.5555 cm3/s and 1.19 &times; 10&minus;9 m2, respectively, for the CNS6 coating at 26,664 Pa. The minimum values obtained for the permeation flux and permeability were 0.0011 cm3/s and 1.21 &times; 10&minus;11 m2, for the coating CNS3 at 39,996 Pa. This study analyzed the effect of nanomaterials and the addition of isopropanol at different volumes on the permeability of the coatings. The results show that the permeability was influenced by the number of pores present rather than by their diameter. The number of pores were obtained between the ranges 1&ndash;12 &mu;m for all the coatings. The study of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) through a free and porous medium, showed that it is possible to accurately determine flow velocities (m/s) through and inside the composite coatings. Understanding the flow behavior is a practical strategy to predict the performance of new nanocomposite coatings

High-Sensitivity Troponin T: A Potential Safety Predictive Biomarker for Discharge from the Emergency Department of Patients with Confirmed Influenza

The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between the high-sensitivity troponin T levels in patients with confirmed influenza virus infection and its severity determined by mortality during the care process. In addition, a high-sensitivity troponin T cut-off value was sought to allow us to a safe discharge from the emergency department. An analytical retrospective observational study was designed in which high-sensitivity troponin T is determined as an exposure factor, patients are followed until the resolution of the clinical picture, and the frequency of mortality is analyzed. We included patients &ge; 16 years old with confirmed influenza virus infection and determination of high-sensitivity troponin T. One hundred twenty-eight patients were included (96.9% survivors, 3.1% deceased). Mean and median blood levels of high-sensitivity troponin T of survivors were 26.2 &plusmn; 58.3 ng/L and 14.5 ng/L (IQR 16 ng/L), respectively, and were statistically different when compared with those of the deceased patients, 120.5 &plusmn; 170.1 ng/L and 40.5 ng/L (IQR 266.5 ng/L), respectively, p = 0.012. The Youden index using mortality as the reference method was 0.76, and the cut-off value associated with this index was 24 ng/L (sensitivity 100%, specificity 76%, NPV 100%, PPV 4%) with AUC of 88,8% (95% CI: 79.8&ndash;92.2%), p &lt; 0.001. We conclude that high-sensitivity troponin T levels in confirmed virus influenza infection are a good predictor of mortality in our population, and this predictor is useful for safely discharging patients from the emergency department

Transverse momentum spectra of charged particles in proton–proton collisions at √s=900 GeV with ALICE at the LHC

The inclusive charged particle transverse momentum distribution is measured in proton–proton collisions at s=900 GeV at the LHC using the ALICE detector. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region (|η|<0.8) over the transverse momentum range 0.15<pT<10 GeV/c. The correlation between transverse momentum and particle multiplicity is also studied. Results are presented for inelastic (INEL) and non-single-diffractive (NSD) events. The average transverse momentum for |η|<0.8 is 〈pT〉INEL=0.483±0.001 (stat.)±0.007 (syst.) GeV/c and 〈pT〉NSD=0.489±0.001 (stat.)±0.007 (syst.) GeV/c, respectively. The data exhibit a slightly larger 〈pT〉 than measurements in wider pseudorapidity intervals. The results are compared to simulations with the Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA and PHOJET

Suppression of charged particle production at large transverse momentum in central Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV

Inclusive transverse momentum spectra of primary charged particles in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV have been measured by the ALICE Collaboration at the LHC. The data are presented for central and peripheral collisions, corresponding to 0–5% and 70–80% of the hadronic Pb–Pb cross section. The measured charged particle spectra in |η|<0.8 and 0.3<pT<20 GeV/c are compared to the expectation in pp collisions at the same sNN, scaled by the number of underlying nucleon–nucleon collisions. The comparison is expressed in terms of the nuclear modification factor RAA. The result indicates only weak medium effects (RAA≈0.7) in peripheral collisions. In central collisions, RAA reaches a minimum of about 0.14 at pT=6–7 GeV/c and increases significantly at larger pT. The measured suppression of high-pT particles is stronger than that observed at lower collision energies, indicating that a very dense medium is formed in central Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC

Two-pion Bose–Einstein correlations in central Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV

The first measurement of two-pion Bose–Einstein correlations in central Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider is presented. We observe a growing trend with energy now not only for the longitudinal and the outward but also for the sideward pion source radius. The pion homogeneity volume and the decoupling time are significantly larger than those measured at RHIC