Proposing a new measure of distance in the gravity setting: evidence from Latin America

The gravity model is a workhorse tool that has been widely used in international trade. However, one empirical question that frequently arises is related to the conceptualization and measurement of an economic distance index. Our study proposes an index based on Multiple Factor Analysis. This technique summarizes information related to the geographical, cultural, political and economic variables that might affect international trade between countries. Estimates indicate that the signs of the load factors in the Multiple Factor Analysis are intuitively plausible, and panel data exercises give sensible robust outcomes.O modelo de gravidade é uma ferramenta de trabalho que tem sido amplamente usada no comércio internacional. No entanto, uma questão empírica que surge com frequência está relacionada com a conceptualiza- ção e a medição de um índice de distância económica. Na configuração de gravidade padrão, o uso de proxies para os custos do comércio para quantificar e analisar a distância é um método comumente usado. Nós construímos o nosso índice usando Análise de factores Múltiplos. Esta técnica resume, em apenas um factor, informações relacionadas com as variáveis geográficas, culturais, políticas e ecocômicas que possam afetar o comércio internacional entre os países. Estas estimativas indicam que os sinais dos fatores de carga na Análise de factores Múltiplos são intuitivamente plausivel, e exercícios de painel de dados dão resultados sensíveis robustos

Estándares mínimos de funcionamiento del servicio público de la educación en Colombia: una comparación desde la política del servicio público francés para garantizar el derecho a la educación

El servicio público esencial de la educación en Colombia juega un papel primordial en la sociedad, ya que estructura, construye y produce los pilares sobre los que se cimienta la sociedad y el Estado. El papel de la huelga a su vez constituye parte del desarrollo normal de las interacciones de las personas en sociedad y este debe ser visto como un extremo imprevisto en la resolución de conflictos a resolver. Por tanto, desprendido de la cesación de la prestación del servicio, deben existir mecanismos alternos que permitan la continuidad del servicio público de la educación para cumplir a cabalidad con la satisfacción de los intereses del Estado sin que se limiten los derechos de los prestadores del servicio y de los usuarios. La presente investigación establece, mediante una reflexión jurídica y un ejercicio de derecho comparado, una alternativa jurídica para la garantía del servicio público esencial de educación en los casos de suspensión del servicio por huelga y reflexionar cuales son los móviles para una correcta prestación del servicio desde las perspectivas del usuario y el prestador del servicio entendido como el servidor público, haciendo un esfuerzo en la traducción y adaptación de textos jurídicos en francés al español para una correcta apreciación del sujeto de investigación entre los países de Francia y Colombia.The essential public service of education in Colombia plays a fundamental role in society, since it structures, builds and produces the pillars on which society and the State are based. The role of the strike in turn constitutes part of the normal development of the interactions of people in society and this should be seen as an unforeseen extreme in the resolution of conflicts to be resolved. Therefore, detached from the cessation of the provision of the service, there must be alternative mechanisms that specify the continuity of the public service of education to fully comply with the satisfaction of the interests of the State that limit the rights of service providers and of the users. The present investigation established, by means of a legal reflection and an exercise of comparative law, a legal alternative for the guarantee of the essential public service of education in the cases of suspension of the service by strike and to reflect which are the motives for a correct correction of the service from The perspectives of the user and the service provider understood as the public servant, making an effort in the translation and adaptation of legal texts in French for a correct assessment of the research subject between the countries of France and Colombia

Plan maestro de Acueducto y Alcantarillado en la Vereda El Corzo

Proyecto SocialEn este proyecto el propósito es realizar un diagnóstico participativo, en el cual por medio de la implementación de un Plan Maestro de Acueducto y Alcantarillado, mitigar las problemáticas sociales que se presentan en la comunidad de la Vereda El Corzo, donde se evaluará el estado de las redes, accesorios y estructuras hidráulicas existentes. Adicionalmente, se proyectarán soluciones para el mejoramiento del saneamiento básico con el fin de ayudar a mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas del centro poblado.INTRODUCCIÓN 1. GENERALIDADES 2. DISEÑO CENTRADO EN LAS PERSONAS 3. CATASTRO DE REDES 4. ACUEDUCTO 5. ALCANTARILLADO 6. PRESUPUESTO DE OBRA CONCLUSIONES BIBLIOGRAFÍAPregradoIngeniero Civi

Amor, sexualidad y familia

Publishe

An integrated hypothesis on the domestication of Bactris gasipaes

Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) has had a central place in the livelihoods of people in the Americas since pre-Columbian times, notably for its edible fruits and multi-purpose wood. The botanical taxon includes both domesticated and wild varieties. Domesticated var gasipaes is believed to derive from one or more of the three wild types of var. chichagui identified today, although the exact dynamics and location of the domestication are still uncertain. Drawing on a combination of molecular and phenotypic diversity data, modeling of past climate suitability and existing literature, we present an integrated hypothesis about peach palm's domestication. We support a single initial domestication event in south western Amazonia, giving rise to var. chichagui type 3, the putative incipient domesticate. We argue that subsequent dispersal by humans across western Amazonia, and possibly into Central America allowed for secondary domestication events through hybridization with resident wild populations, and differential human selection pressures, resulting in the diversity of present-day landraces. The high phenotypic diversity in the Ecuadorian and northern Peruvian Amazon suggest that human selection of different traits was particularly intense there. While acknowledging the need for further data collection, we believe that our results contribute new insights and tools to understand domestication and dispersal patterns of this important native staple, as well as to plan for its conservation. (Résumé d'auteur

Kvaliteta sjemena u ovaca

Reproductive evaluation, the selection of individual breeders, and reproductive biotechnologies are important tools in developing productive and reproductive rates. When choosing a male as a breeding future, determining its general health status and genotypic and phenotypic superiority are necessary. This study evaluated the conventional and functional seminal quality in ovine males. The semen of eleven ovines of different pure races was collected by electroejaculation. The following average values were observed for each conventional parameter: scrotal circumference (CE, 34.3 cm), seminal volume (vol, 1.63 mL), concentration (C, 768.4 x 106/mL), individual motility (MI, 80%), masal motility (MM, 4) and vigor (Vi, 3.7). On the other hand, functional analysis showed plasma membrane integrity (PMI) of 45.7%, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of 38.5%, DNA fragmentation index (DFI) of 17.0%, lipoperoxidation of the membrane (LPO) of 32.7%, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of 28.56%. Additionally, a high and positive correlation was found for variables concerning seminal quality: Vi and MM, Vi and MI, MMP and MM, MMP and MI, PMI and MMP, as well as ROS and MMP. In contrast, two strongly negative correlations were obtained (C vs. Vol and LPO vs. CE). These are the first estimates of functional seminal quality evaluation of sheep in Colombia. In addition, this study provides a baseline for conventional and functional seminal parameters in the region.Reproduktivna procjena, odabir pojedinačnih rasplodnih mužjaka i reproduktivne biotehnologije važni su alati u unaprjeđenju produktivnih i reproduktivnih stopa. Pri odabiru mužjaka za rasplod, potrebno je određivanje općeg zdravstvenog statusa te genotipske i fenotipske superiornosti. Ovaj rad procjenjuje konvencionalnu i funkcionalnu kvalitetu sjemena u ovnova. Sjeme jedanaest ovnova različitih čistokrvnih pasmina prikupljeno je elektroejakulacijom. Zamijećene su sljedeće prosječne vrijednosti za svaki konvencionalni parametar: opseg skrotuma (CE, 34,3 cm), volumen sjemena (vol, 1,63 mL), koncentracija (C, 768,4 x 106/mL), pojedinačna pokretljivost (MI, 80 %), ukupna pokretljivost (MM, 4) i vitalnost (Vi, 3,7). S druge strane, funkcionalna analiza pokazala je integritet stanične membrane (PMI) od 45,7 %, potencijal mitohondrijske membrane (MMP) od 38,5 %, indeks fragmentacije DNK (DFI) od 17,0%, lipoperoksidaciju membrane (LPO) od 32,7 % i proizvodnju reaktivnih kisikovih spojeva (ROS) od 28,56 %. Uz to je otkrivena i visoka i pozitivna korelacija za varijable o kvaliteti sjemena: Vi i MM, Vi i MI, MMP i MM, MMP i MI, PMI i MMP, kao i ROS i MMP. Suprotno tome, dobivene su dvije vrlo negativne korelacije (C nasuprot Vol i LPO nasuprot CE). To su prve procjene ocjenjivanja funkcionalne kvalitete sjemena ovaca u Kolumbiji. Uz to, ova studija osigurava početnu vrijednost za sve konvencionalne i funkcionalne parametre sjemena u regiji

Fístula arteriovenosa traumática del cuero cabelludo tras implantación capilar tratada con éxito mediante agente embólico PHIL

Antecedentes: La fístula arteriovenosa traumática del cuero cabelludo por trasplante capilar (FAVT) es una rara comunicación fistulosa entre ramas de las arterias y venas de drenaje en el tejido subcutáneo del cuero cabelludo. Su incidencia es desconocida y sus manifestaciones clínicas pueden ir desde una masa pulsátil hasta, en raras ocasiones, epilepsia. Como opciones de tratamiento se han utilizado la cirugía y los abordajes intervencionistas (embolización percutánea y endovascular) mediante espirales y agentes embólicos como el Onyx. e autores informan de un caso poco frecuente de una AVFHT tratada con éxito mediante embolización percutánea y endovascular utilizando coils y agente embólico líquido inyectable hidrófobo precipitante (PHIL). is es posiblemente el primer caso descrito en el que se utiliza el agente embólico PHIL para tratar una AVFHT. Descripción del caso: e paciente presentó una inflamación del cuero cabelludo dolorosa e incapacitante en la región parieto-occipital derecha 2 años después de un trasplante capilar en 2011. Una angiografía por tomografía computarizada mostró una fístula arteriovenosa entre ramas de la arteria temporal superficial derecha y ramas de la arteria occipital derecha a la vena temporal superficial derecha que se embolizó con éxito utilizando coils y PHIL. e paciente fue dado de alta tras una recuperación sin complicaciones y 1 mes después permanecía sano. Conclusiones: La embolización percutánea y endovascular utilizando el agente embólico PHIL puede ser un tratamiento alternativo para la AVFHT.Background: A traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the scalp due to hair transplantation (AVFHT) is a rare fistulous communication between branches of the arteries and draining veins in the scalp’s subcutaneous tissue. Its incidence is unknown and its clinical manifestations may range from a pulsatile mass to seldom epilepsy. Surgery and interventional approaches (percutaneous and endovascular embolization) using coils and embolic agents such as Onyx have been used as treatment options. e authors report a rare case of an AVFHT successfully treated through percutaneous and endovascular embolization using coils and precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid (PHIL) embolic agent. is is possibly the first reported case using PHIL embolic agent to treat an AVFHT. Case Description: e patient presented with a painful and disabling scalp swelling in the right parieto-occipital region 2 years after a hair transplant in 2011. A computed tomography angiography showed an arteriovenous f istula between branches of the right superficial temporal artery and branches of the right occipital artery to the right superficial temporal vein that was successfully embolized using coils and PHIL. e patient was discharged after a smooth recovery and 1 month later remained healthy. Conclusion: Percutaneous and endovascular embolization using PHIL embolic agent can be an alternative treatment for AVFHT

Reimaginar el futuro pospandemia

PublishedLa crisis planetaria derivada de la de salud pública desatada por la pandemia del COVID-19 ha replanteado las reglas de juego de la geopolítica, la economía y la convivencia social en tiempos de globalización. Esta pandemia tuvo como primer impacto el colapso del sistema sanitario, y como segundo, el ingreso a una cuarentena a nivel global que paralizó la sociedad y la economía, y nos empujó a un confinamiento preventivo. Esto a su vez implicó el empuje hacia la virtualización de las actividades, tales como la educación remota y el teletrabajo, o mejor aún, el trabajo en casa, de manera intempestiva, involuntaria e improvisada; acelerando así el ingreso en la cuarta revolución industrial, pues el trabajo y estudio apoyado en la tecnología virtual basada en internet, que iba a tomar dos décadas en instalarse como modelo dominante, tomó ahora solo tres meses. Esta virtualización improvisada e impuesta es la vez antídoto y veneno, pues permite seguir con las actividades laborales, académicas y sociales, pero a la vez trae riesgos para la salud mental de los seres humanos y la expansión de un estado de malestar general: que se suma al, de por sí, malestar del confinamiento

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.