Impact des technologies d'intégration 3D sur les performances des composants CMOS

Les innovations actuelles en électronique allient à la fois des critères de coût, de performance et de taille. Or à l'ère du tout numérique, les technologies CMOS sont confrontées à la stagnation de leurs performances électriques. Parallèlement, les systèmes hétérogènes multifonctions s'orientent vers une complexification extrême de leurs architectures, augmentant leur coût de conception. Les problématiques de performance électrique et d'hétérogénéité convergent vers un objectif commun. Une solution industriellement viable pour atteindre cet objectif d'architecture ultime est l'intégration tridimensionnelle de circuits intégrés. En empilant verticalement des circuits classiques aux fonctionnalités diverses, cette architecture ouvre la voie à des systèmes multifonctions miniaturisés dont les performances électriques sont meilleures que l'existant. Néanmoins, les technologies CMOS ne sont pas conçues pour être intégrées dans une architecture 3D. Cette thèse de doctorat s'intéresse à évaluer toute forme d'impact engendré par les technologies d'intégration 3D sur les performances électriques des composants CMOS. Ces impacts sont classifiés en deux familles d'origine thermomécanique et électrique. Une étude exploratoire réalisée par modélisation TCAD a permis de montrer l'existence d'un couplage électrique par le substrat provoqué par les structures d'intégration 3D dont l'influence s'avère non négligeable pour les technologies CMOS. La seconde partie de l'étude porte sur la mise en œuvre et le test de circuits conçus pour quantifier ces phénomènes d'interaction thermomécanique et électrique, et leur impact sur les performances de transistors et d'oscillateurs en anneau.Current innovations in electronics combine performance, size and cost criteria. Nevertheless, in the all-digital era, CMOS technologies are confronted by stagnating electrical performances. In parallel, multitask heterogeneous systems are moving towards an extreme complexification of their architectures, increasing cost of design and manufacture dramatically. Electrical performance and heterogeneity challenges seem to converge towards a common requirement. The three-dimensional integration of integrated circuits is a viable industrial solution to obtain the ultimate architecture required. This vertical architecture leads to miniaturized high value heterogeneous systems by stacking several IC featuring various functionalities. The electrical performances of such 3D architecture appear to be superior to those of classic System-on-Chip. Nevertheless, CMOS technologies are not designed for this specific integration, so that they may not tolerate the impact of 3D integration structures. This PhD work is focused on the evaluation and characterization of all possible impacts generated by 3D integration structures on the electrical performance of CMOS devices. Two levels of impact are described, those of electrical and those of thermo-mechanical natures. Firstly, a TCAD-based simulation study has led to the demonstration of an electrical impact due to substrate coupling. The influence of such a coupling significantly decreases the static currents of PMOS transistors. The second part of the PhD is focused on the implementation of test circuits dedicated to the characterization of electrical coupling induced by 3D integration structures on transistors and ring oscillators

Evaluation of a CIDI Pre-Transmission Parallel Hybrid Drivetrain with CVT

ABSTRACT Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is the lead laboratory for hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing and technology validation for the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Advanced Automotive Technologies (DOE OAAT). In this role, ANL contributes to DOE OAAT goals by setting technical targets and evaluating new technologies in a vehicle systems context, with a focus on hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) technology. ANL employs a unique integrated process based on powerful simulation tools and experimental facilities to perform system-level tests quickly and costeffectively. This approach allows ANL researchers to simulate a vehicle system, design an optimal control strategy, and then apply it to the real components and subsystems being evaluated. The objective is to better understand 1) component/subsystem performance and control requirements in a simulated vehicle environment and 2) the effect of control on emissions and efficiency. This process has been applied to the evaluation of a hybrid powertrain consisting of a Compression-Ignition DirectInjection (CIDI) engine, an electric traction motor, and a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT). This paper describes the testing methodology, the building of the powertrain, the control strategy used, and the analysis of results

Symptomatic postoperative compressive pneumocephalus after cholecystectomy

A 75-year-old woman with a history of chronic hydrocephalus due to stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius was examined at the emergency department for altered mental status. There was placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in 1970 complicated by meningitis, leading to removal of the material and ventriculociternostomy as definitive treatment in 2004. About one month previously, she had undergone a laparoscopic cholecystectomy complicated by an intra-abdominal collection. Clinical examination at the emergency department revealed a Glasgow score of 8 (E3 V1 M4). In the emergency department the patient presented a tonic-clonic seizure before a cerebral CT scan was performed showing a massive compressive pneumocephalus, then a second seizure. The patient was finally admitted to the neurosurgery department and underwent surgery

CD44 Plays a Functional Role in Helicobacter pylori-induced Epithelial Cell Proliferation

The cytotoxin-associated gene (Cag) pathogenicity island is a strain-specific constituent of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) that augments cancer risk. CagA translocates into the cytoplasm where it stimulates cell signaling through the interaction with tyrosine kinase c-Met receptor, leading cellular proliferation. Identified as a potential gastric stem cell marker, cluster-of-differentiation (CD) CD44 also acts as a co-receptor for c-Met, but whether it plays a functional role in H. pylori-induced epithelial proliferation is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that CD44 plays a functional role in H. pylori-induced epithelial cell proliferation. To assay changes in gastric epithelial cell proliferation in relation to the direct interaction with H. pylori, human- and mouse-derived gastric organoids were infected with the G27 H. pylori strain or a mutant G27 strain bearing cagA deletion (ΔCagA::cat). Epithelial proliferation was quantified by EdU immunostaining. Phosphorylation of c-Met was analyzed by immunoprecipitation followed by Western blot analysis for expression of CD44 and CagA. H. pylori infection of both mouse- and human-derived gastric organoids induced epithelial proliferation that correlated with c-Met phosphorylation. CagA and CD44 co-immunoprecipitated with phosphorylated c-Met. The formation of this complex did not occur in organoids infected with ΔCagA::cat. Epithelial proliferation in response to H. pylori infection was lost in infected organoids derived from CD44-deficient mouse stomachs. Human-derived fundic gastric organoids exhibited an induction in proliferation when infected with H. pylori, that was not seen in organoids pre-treated with a peptide inhibitor specific to CD44. In the wellestablished Mongolian gerbil model of gastric cancer, animals treated with CD44 peptide inhibitor Pep1, resulted in the inhibition of H. pylori-induced proliferation and associated atrophic gastritis. The current study reports a unique approach to study H. pylori interaction with the human gastric epithelium. Here, we show that CD44 plays a functional role in H. pyloriinduced epithelial cell proliferation

Collaborative patch-based super-resolution for diffusion-weighted images

In this paper, a new single image acquisition super-resolution method is proposed to increase image resolution of diffusion weighted (DW) images. Based on a nonlocal patch-based strategy, the proposed method uses a non-diffusion image (b0) to constrain the reconstruction of DW images. An extensive validation is presented with a gold standard built on averaging 10 high-resolution DW acquis itions. A comparison with classical interpo- lation methods such as trilinear and B-spline demonstrates the competitive results of our proposed approach in termsofimprovementsonimagereconstruction,fractiona lanisotropy(FA)estimation,generalizedFAandangular reconstruction for tensor and high angular resolut ion diffusion imaging (HARDI) models. Besides, fi rst results of reconstructed ultra high resolution DW images are presented at 0.6 × 0.6 × 0.6 mm 3 and0.4×0.4×0.4mm 3 using our gold standard based on the average of 10 acquisitions, and on a single acquisition. Finally, fi ber tracking results show the potential of the proposed super-resolution approach to accurately analyze white matter brain architecture.We thank the reviewers for their useful comments that helped improve the paper. We also want to thank the Pr Louis Collins for proofreading this paper and his fruitful comments. Finally, we want to thank Martine Bordessoules for her help during image acquisition of DWI used to build the phantom. This work has been supported by the French grant "HR-DTI" ANR-10-LABX-57 funded by the TRAIL from the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche within the context of the Investments for the Future program. This work has been also partially supported by the French National Agency for Research (Project MultImAD; ANR-09-MNPS-015-01) and by the Spanish grant TIN2011-26727 from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion. This work benefited from the use of FSL (http://fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/fslwiki/), FiberNavigator (code.google.com/p/fibernavigator/), MRtrix software (http://www. brain.org.au/software/mrtrix/) and ITKsnap (www.itk.org).Coupé, P.; Manjón Herrera, JV.; Chamberland, M.; Descoteaux, M.; Hiba, B. (2013). Collaborative patch-based super-resolution for diffusion-weighted images. NeuroImage. 83:245-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.030S2452618

Association of circulating hsa-miRNAs with sarcopenia: the SarcoPhAge study.

peer reviewed[en] OBJECTIVE: To identify a microRNA signature associated to sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults form the SarcoPhAge cohort. METHODS: In a screening phase by next generation sequencing (NGS), we compared the hsa-miRome expression of 18 subjects with sarcopenia (79.6 ± 6.8 years, 9 men) and 19 healthy subjects without sarcopenia (77.1 ± 6 years, 9 men) at baseline. Thereafter, we have selected eight candidate hsa-miRNAs according to the NGS results and after a critical assessment of previous literature. In a validation phase and by real-time qPCR, we then analyzed the expression levels of these 8 hsa-miRNAs at baseline selecting 92 healthy subjects (74.2 ± 10 years) and 92 subjects with sarcopenia (75.3 ± 6.8 years). For both steps, the groups were matched for age and sex. RESULTS: In the validation phase, serum has-miRNA-133a-3p and has-miRNA-200a-3p were significantly decreased in the group with sarcopenia vs controls [RQ: relative quantification; median (interquartile range)]: -0.16 (-1.26/+0.90) vs +0.34 (-0.73/+1.33) (p < 0.01) and -0.26 (-1.07/+0.68) vs +0.27 (-0.55/+1.10) (p < 0.01) respectively. Has-miRNA-744-5p was decreased and has-miRNA-151a-3p was increased in the group with sarcopenia vs controls, but this barely reached significance: +0.16 (-1.34/+0.79) vs +0.44 (-0.31/+1.00) (p = 0.050) and  +0.35 (-0.22/+0.90) vs  +0.03 (-0.68/+0.75) (p = 0.054). CONCLUSION: In subjects with sarcopenia, serum hsa-miRNA-133a-3p and hsa-miRNA-200a-3p expression were downregulated, consistent with their potential targets inhibiting muscle cells proliferation and differentiation

Deficient histone H3 propionylation by BRPF1-KAT6 complexes in neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer

Lysine acetyltransferase 6A (KAT6A) and its paralog KAT6B form stoichiometric complexes with bromodomain- and PHD finger-containing protein 1 (BRPF1) for acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 23 (H3K23). We report that these complexes also catalyze H3K23 propionylation in vitro and in vivo. Immunofluorescence microscopy and ATAC-See revealed the association of this modification with active chromatin. Brpf1 deletion obliterates the acylation in mouse embryos and fibroblasts. Moreover, we identify BRPF1 variants in 12 previously unidentified cases of syndromic intellectual disability and demonstrate that these cases and known BRPF1 variants impair H3K23 propionylation. Cardiac anomalies are present in a subset of the cases. H3K23 acylation is also impaired by cancer-derived somatic BRPF1 mutations. Valproate, vorinostat, propionate and butyrate promote H3K23 acylation. These results reveal the dual functionality of BRPF1-KAT6 complexes, shed light on mechanisms underlying related developmental disorders and various cancers, and suggest mutation-based therapy for medical conditions with deficient histone acylation

Deficient histone H3 propionylation by BRPF1-KAT6 complexes in neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer

Lysine acetyltransferase 6A (KAT6A) and its paralog KAT6B form stoichiometric complexes with bromodomain- and PHD finger-containing protein 1 (BRPF1) for acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 23 (H3K23). We report that these complexes also catalyze H3K23 propionylati

La nouvelle réglementation environnementale 2020 comme renouveau du process managérial du maître d'ouvrage

Ce mémoire porte sur la nouvelle Réglementation environnementale (RE) 2020, et plus précisément sur les impacts que celle-ci va engendrer sur les professionnels de l’immobilier, de la construction, en particulier la maîtrise d’ouvrage. La mise en application de la RE 2020 est en vigueur depuis le 1er janvier 2022. Il existe encore donc peu d’écrits scientifiques à son sujet, et les retours d’expérience à son sujet sont à ce jour encore minces et trop peu nombreux. C’est pour cette raison que mon travail de recherche a consisté à émettre des hypothèses. Celles-ci sont fondées en partie sur des écrits concernant la mise en application de la RE 2020, mais également sur mon retour d’expérience et celui des différents professionnels que j’ai été amené à côtoyer