A utilização de materiais na aprendizagem da geometria

O presente Relatório do Projeto de Investigação, desenvolvido no âmbito da unidade curricular Estágio III, do curso de Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, descreve, reflete e analisa a intervenção pedagógica realizada numa turma de 2.º ano do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Esta intervenção assenta na implementação de tarefas com recurso a diversos materiais com o objetivo de facilitar a aprendizagem das crianças. A relevância dos materiais na aprendizagem da matemática, tal como a relação entre a construção de conhecimentos matemáticos e essa utilização como instrumentos de mediação, são possíveis facilitadores na construção desses conhecimentos. Neste sentido, o professor tem o papel conduzir as crianças através de um percurso informal até à Matemática, valorizando e respeitando as suas diferenças, motivando-as na construção do pensamento matemático, indispensável nos dias de hoje. A metodologia considerada mais adequada ao estudo empírico posiciona-se na abordagem da investigação-ação, sendo uma investigação que se insere numa perspetiva qualitativa e que é igualmente uma investigação sobre a minha prática. Assim, o método de recolha de informação baseia-se na intervenção no contexto, sendo complementado pelos questionários realizados aos alunos, pela observação participante, pelas notas de campo e pela análise documental. Através deste estudo, é possível inferir que no processo de ensino-aprendizagem os alunos conseguem ter um maior interesse e um empenho mais concreto quando se consegue promover um bom ambiente entre todos, diversificando as estratégias e material utilizado durante as aulas, ou seja é necessário valorizar os conteúdos, materiais ou a relação entre eles.The following Research Project Report, developed within the framework of the Stage III curricular unit, of the Master Course in Pre-School Education and Teaching of Elementary Education, describes, reflects and analyses the pedagogical intervention carried out in a second-grade class, of an Elementary School. This intervention is based on the implementation of tasks using various materials to facilitate the learning of children. The relevance of materials in the learning of mathematics, such as the relation between the construction of mathematical knowledge and its use as instruments of mediation, are possible facilitators in the construction of this knowledge. In this sense, the teacher has the role of leading the children through an informal course to Mathematics, valuing and respecting their differences, motivating them in the construction of mathematical thinking, which is indispensable today. The methodology that is considered more appropriate to the empirical study is positioned in the approach of action research, being an investigation that is inserted in a qualitative perspective and that is also an investigation about my practice. Thus, the method of gathering information is based on intervention in the context, being complemented by the questionnaires made to the students, by the participant observation, the field notes, and the documentary analysis. Through this study, it is possible to infer that in the teaching-learning process the students can have a greater interest and a more concrete commitment when it is possible to promote a good atmosphere among all, diversifying the strategies and material used during the classes, that is, it is necessary to value content, materials, or the relationship between them

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Cap. IV : Transformação digital e novas tecnologias militares

A Guerra ao Terror foi a agenda norte-americana que abriu um precedente para a forma como os reclusos da prisão de Guantánamo foram tratados, sendo considerados, sob a perspetiva dos EUA como “combatentes inimigos ilegais’’. O principal objetivo deste paper prende-se com uma análise da presença de terrorismo de estado na Prisão de Guantánamo, consistindo numa violação dos direitos humanos, sob a lente da Segurança Humana. Para esse fim, foi elaborada a seguinte pergunta de investigação que servirá de auxílio para conduzir a investigação: De que forma o terrorismo de Estado na prisão de Guantánamo constituiu uma violação dos direitos humanos? Foi ainda elaborada uma delimitação temporal com início em 2002, após a criação da prisão, e cujo término será em 2022 para que seja possível fazer um paralelo com a atualidade do status deste estabelecimento prisional.Na sequência da Resolução 1325 (2000) das Nações Unidas sobre Mulheres, Paz e Segurança (MPS), que apelou aos Estados para integrarem uma perspetiva de género nas suas políticas de segurança e construção da paz, a União Europeia (UE) tem dados alguns passos no sentido de integrar as questões de género na sua política externa e de segurança. Apesar destes desenvolvimentos empíricos, a literatura sobre segurança no espaço europeu não tem prestado a atenção devida aos processos através dos quais as questões de género e a agenda MPS podem contribuir para a construção da UE como um ator global. Este artigo procura aprofundar o debate sobre global actorness numa perspetiva de género, tendo em conta as seguintes questões: (1) que dimensões são relevantes para conceptualizar a UE como um actor global? (2) como é que a igualdade de género e a agenda MPS estão integradas na política externa e de segurança da UE? (3) como é que a UE moldou e promoveu a agenda MPS na arena global? Para responder a estas questões, partimos do modelo conceptual de global actorness de Bretherton e Vogler (2006) e na literatura sobre as dimensões de género da política externa e de segurança da União Europeia.Improvement of security governance on climate security is critical if fast-paced threats caused by the emission of greenhouse gases are to be dealt with. This article envisions climate security as a global public good, moving the debate beyond traditional security discussions and refocusing attention upon climate security governance for its effective provision. Additionally, having in mind the recognition granted to sub-state authorities under the Paris Agreement, it suggests that the provision of security governance in matters of climate change requires a multilevel governance (MLG) approach whereby sub-state actors become inescapable agents of climate security governance. In doing so, it is our wish to move the debate forward in two complementary ways: first, by expanding the notion of security in order to perceive climate security as a global public good and second, by shedding light on the reinforced role of sub-state authorities under the Paris agreement using the framework of MLGEste artigo analisa a noção de ataque constante do art.º 49.º do I PA às CG e a sua adequabilidade em relação às ciberoperações militares. A metodologia assentou na revisão do estado de arte, no recurso às leis e às regras jurídicas aplicáveis, à jurisprudência, à doutrina e à soft law. Foram analisadas as diferentes correntes doutrinárias (Schmitt, Dörmann e Melzer) e conclui-se que o conceito de hostilidade, embora não seja perfeito, todavia, é o que oferece mais garantias para proteger os civis, população civil e objetos civis.No mundo globalizado atual, o ciberespaço apresenta inúmeras oportunidades de cooperação e progresso, as também de ameaças e ataques. A cibersegurança dos Estados pode-se encontrar em risco, na falta de formação pertinente, recursos financeiros ou cooperação eficaz. O presente trabalho analisa de que maneira Portugal se encontra preparado para enfrentar as ameaças cibernéticas. Para isso, são apresentadas as principais tendências em cibercriminalidade em Portugal e os mecanismos de lidar com os desafios. Sugere-se que os ciberincidentes agravam as vulnerabilidades estatais, criam alguma desconfiança nas instituições nacionais. Porém, simultaneamente, impulsionam os avanços tecnológicos em ciberproteção. As capacidades nacionais estão, por isso, a ser direcionados para a formação tecnológica, a consolidação do corpo jurídico e o desenvolvimento de medidas de proteção, em parcerias regionais e internacionaisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Case of XX Disorder of Sexual Development in a Female-Phenotype Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) Associated with Antlers Growth with Retained Velvet

A 3-to-4-year-old roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital. Although it showed well-developed antlers with retained velvet, an external female appearance and genitalia were evident. External biometrical measurements were taken for the antlers, and a computed tomography was performed. Molecular studies targeting the SRY gene were performed, and a PIS (polled intersex syndrome) mutation diagnosis was implemented. The gonads consisted of a right testicle paired with a left ovotestis. Histologically, the ovary-like structures in the ovotestis were functional, but the testis, as the testis-like structure in the ovotestis, did not show active spermatogenesis. No evidence of SRY gene was detected by PCR, suggesting an XX-chromosome constitution. Additionally, polled intersex syndrome (PIS) deletion was not detected in the case under study. The clinical and histopathological findings confirmed the DSD with the presence of a testicle and a contralateral ovotestis

A Case of XX Disorder of Sexual Development in a Female-Phenotype Roe Deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i> L.) Associated with Antlers Growth with Retained Velvet

A 3-to-4-year-old roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital. Although it showed well-developed antlers with retained velvet, an external female appearance and genitalia were evident. External biometrical measurements were taken for the antlers, and a computed tomography was performed. Molecular studies targeting the SRY gene were performed, and a PIS (polled intersex syndrome) mutation diagnosis was implemented. The gonads consisted of a right testicle paired with a left ovotestis. Histologically, the ovary-like structures in the ovotestis were functional, but the testis, as the testis-like structure in the ovotestis, did not show active spermatogenesis. No evidence of SRY gene was detected by PCR, suggesting an XX-chromosome constitution. Additionally, polled intersex syndrome (PIS) deletion was not detected in the case under study. The clinical and histopathological findings confirmed the DSD with the presence of a testicle and a contralateral ovotestis

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)