178 research outputs found

    Climate impact from the production of pot plants : life cycle assessment (LCA) of poinsettia produced in Sweden

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    Den pÄgÄende klimatförÀndringen Àr en stor frÄga som diskuteras vÀrlden över. FN:s klimatpanel (IPCC) har slagit fast att mÀnniskans tillförsel av vÀxthusgaser till atmosfÀren bidragit till en ökad vÀxthuseffekt och dÀrmed en höjd temperatur pÄ jorden. MÄlsÀttningen Àr att minska utslÀppen och för att göra det mÄste man identifiera var de uppstÄr och i vilken omfattning. Genom att anvÀnda en metod kallad LCA (livscykelanalys) kan man studera en produkt eller tjÀnst med avseende pÄ de utslÀpp av vÀxthusgaser som den ger upphov till under sin livstid. PÄ sÄ sÀtt kan man bedöma hur stor inverkan produkten eller tjÀnsten har pÄ klimatförÀndringen. Baserat pÄ denna bedömning kan sedan eventuella förbÀttringsÄtgÀrder föreslÄs. Detta examensarbete utgörs av en LCA-studie av julstjÀrna (Euphorbia pulcherrima) producerad i Sverige. Syftet med studien Àr att undersöka i vilken utstrÀckning denna produkt bidrar till klimatförÀndringen och att identifiera eventuella förbÀttringsÄtgÀrder. Denna studie Àr en av de första som görs pÄ denna typ av produkt i Sverige. Resultatet av LCA-studien visar att den del i livscykeln som stÄr för den klart största klimatpÄverkan, Àr odlingen frÄn rotad stickling till salufÀrdig krukvÀxt. Anledningen till detta Àr den stora mÀngd energi som gÄr till att vÀrma upp vÀxthusen. Det framgÄr ocksÄ att dÄ förnybara energikÀllor anvÀnds istÀllet för fossila brÀnslen minskar klimatpÄverkan betydligt, och i det lÀget stÄr transporter och material för en betydande del av det totala utslÀppet av vÀxthusgaser. Resultatet av studien bygger pÄ en relativt liten mÀngd data och vidare undersökningar behöver göras för att förfina resultatet. LCA-studien av julstjÀrna genomförs för institutet SIK (Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik) och Àr en del av ett forskningsprojekt rörande trÀdgÄrdsprodukter och deras miljöpÄverkan. Projektet finansieras av SLF (Stiftelsen lantbruksforskning)

    Why Whyred-ett val grundat pÄ kommunikationens budskap

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    Det pÄgÄr ett svenskt modekrig dÀrute. Sveriges modemarknad kryllar i dagslÀget av nya aktörer och varumÀrken. KlÀdtillverkare som Whyred, Hope, Pour, Minimarket, Nudie, Blank, WESC och Velour Àr endast en brÄkdel av det som mÄnga experter kallar det svenska modeundret. Syftet med uppsatsen Àr att undersöka och skapa en förstÄelse för vad ett litet modeföretag kommunicerar för att uppnÄ konkurrensfördelar pÄ en marknad som karaktÀriseras av konkurrens frÄn ett flertal stora aktörer. Eftersom företaget Whyred med hjÀlp av magi lyckats skapa en osynlig aura kring sina produkter Àr detta en analys av hur Whyred gÄtt tillvÀga. Uppsatsen syftar till att sönderdela företagets kommunikation för att slutligen skapa en övergripande analys

    External evaluation of population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin in neonates: the transferability of published models to different clinical settings

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    AimsVancomycin is one of the most evaluated antibiotics in neonates using modeling and simulation approaches. However no clear consensus on optimal dosing has been achieved. The objective of the present study was to perform an external evaluation of published models, in order to test their predictive performances in an independent dataset and to identify the possible study-related factors influencing the transferability of pharmacokinetic models to different clinical settings.MethodPublished neonatal vancomycin pharmacokinetic models were screened from the literature. The predictive performance of six models was evaluated using an independent dataset (112 concentrations from 78 neonates). The evaluation procedures used simulation-based diagnostics [visual predictive check (VPC) and normalized prediction distribution errors (NPDE)].ResultsDifferences in predictive performances of models for vancomycin pharmacokinetics in neonates were found. The mean of NPDE for six evaluated models were 1.35, −0.22, −0.36, 0.24, 0.66 and 0.48, respectively. These differences were explained, at least partly, by taking into account the method used to measure serum creatinine concentrations. The adult conversion factor of 1.3 (enzymatic to JaffĂ©) was tested with an improvement in the VPC and NPDE, but it still needs to be evaluated and validated in neonates. Differences were also identified between analytical methods for vancomycin.ConclusionThe importance of analytical techniques for serum creatinine concentrations and vancomycin as predictors of vancomycin concentrations in neonates have been confirmed. Dosage individualization of vancomycin in neonates should consider not only patients' characteristics and clinical conditions, but also the methods used to measure serum creatinine and vancomycin

    Current trends in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics.

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    Pharmacokinetics (PK) is the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) processes of a drug. Understanding PK properties is essential for drug development and precision medication. In this review we provided an overview of recent research on PK with focus on the following aspects: (1) an update on drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the determination of PK, as well as advances in xenobiotic receptors and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the modulation of PK, providing new understanding of the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms that result in inter-individual variations in pharmacotherapy; (2) current status and trends in assessing drug-drug interactions, especially interactions between drugs and herbs, between drugs and therapeutic biologics, and microbiota-mediated interactions; (3) advances in understanding the effects of diseases on PK, particularly changes in metabolizing enzymes and transporters with disease progression; (4) trends in mathematical modeling including physiologically-based PK modeling and novel animal models such as CRISPR/Cas9-based animal models for DMPK studies; (5) emerging non-classical xenobiotic metabolic pathways and the involvement of novel metabolic enzymes, especially non-P450s. Existing challenges and perspectives on future directions are discussed, and may stimulate the development of new research models, technologies, and strategies towards the development of better drugs and improved clinical practice

    The Penn Effect and Transition: The New EU Member States in International Perspective

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    Recent panel studies have found relatively high point estimates for the elasticity of ag-gregate price measures with respect to productivity in (former) transition economies, while other studies report price-productivity elasticity estimates to depend positively on average productivity in the sample. We aim to reconcile both results by putting com-parative price developments of transition economies in an international perspective. We argue that estimating simple price-productivity relationships without the inclusion of other real factors connected to reform effort might severely bias estimates for CEEC economies. Our results imply that, when controlling for reform effort and therefore avoiding this endogeneity problem, the price-productivity-elasticity for CEEC econo-mies was not different from that of non-transition economies during the first 15 years of transition

    Sugar trade and the role of historical colonial linkages

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    Past colonialism has shaped current policies and patterns relating to sugar trade. To examine the effects of historical colonial linkages on sugar trade, the gravity model is estimated for a panel of raw sugar imports into 25 OECD countries from the rest of the world over the 1961-2016 period. Colonial linkages in a North-South direction increase sugar trade, but colonial linkages in a North-North direction decrease it. Several distinct North-South colonial channels are identified. Sugar trade is enhanced by the major empire shipping routes, rail infrastructure, cultural proximity and preferential market access
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