The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

Mapping genomic loci prioritises genes and implicates synaptic biology in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia has a heritability of 60–80%1, much of which is attributable to common risk alleles. Here, in a two-stage genome-wide association study of up to 76,755 individuals with schizophrenia and 243,649 control individuals, we report common variant associations at 287 distinct genomic loci. Associations were concentrated in genes that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the central nervous system, but not in other tissues or cell types. Using fine-mapping and functional genomic data, we identify 120 genes (106 protein-coding) that are likely to underpin associations at some of these loci, including 16 genes with credible causal non-synonymous or untranslated region variation. We also implicate fundamental processes related to neuronal function, including synaptic organization, differentiation and transmission. Fine-mapped candidates were enriched for genes associated with rare disruptive coding variants in people with schizophrenia, including the glutamate receptor subunit GRIN2A and transcription factor SP4, and were also enriched for genes implicated by such variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. We identify biological processes relevant to schizophrenia pathophysiology; show convergence of common and rare variant associations in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders; and provide a resource of prioritized genes and variants to advance mechanistic studies

Genomic Dissection of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia, Including 28 Subphenotypes

publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Genomic Dissection of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia, Including 28 Subphenotypes journaltitle: Cell articlelink: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.046 content_type: article copyright: © 2018 Elsevier Inc

TOO MANY COOKS: National Purpose and Equalization

(3) effective the same date. The Institute&apos;s chief objectives include: a) initiating and conducting research identifying current and emerging economic and public policy issues facing Atlantic Canadians and Canadians more generally, including research into the economic and social characteristics and potentials of Atlantic Canada and its four constituent provinces; b) investigating and analyzing the full range of options for public and private sector responses to the issues identified and acting as a catalyst for informed debate on those options, with a particular focus on strategies for overcoming Atlantic Canada&apos;s economic challenges in terms of regional disparities; c) communicating the conclusions of its research to a regional and national audience in a clear, non-partisan way; and d) sponsoring or organizing conferences, meetings, seminars, lectures. training programs, and publications, using all media of communication (including, without restriction, the electronic media) for the purpose of achieving these objectives

Литература о Свердловской области: [указатель]. 1954. Вып. 3-4

0|5|Предисловие [c. 5]0|6|Схема классификации летописи литературы о Свердловской области [c. 6]0|9|Коммунистическая партия Советского Союза [c. 9]1|9|Партийное строительство. Руководство партии хозяйственным и культурным строительством [c. 9]1|15|Пропаганда и агитация. Партийное просвещение [c. 15]1|17|История Коммунистической партии Советского Союза [c. 17]0|18|ВЛКСМ. [c. 18]0|21|Пионерские организации и внешкольная работа [c. 21]0|22|История гор. Свердловска и Свердловской области [c. 22]0|23|Социалистическое строительство в Свердловской области [c. 23]0|23|Финансы [c. 23]0|24|Труд [c. 24]1|26|Профессиональные союзы [c. 26]1|27|Социалистическое соревнование. Общие материалы [c. 27]1|28|Соревнование городов [c. 28]0|28|Советское строительство [c. 28]1|28|Выборы в Верховный Совет РСФСР [c. 28]1|28|Местные органы государственной власти [c. 28]1|29|Органы юстиции. Суд и прокуратура [c. 29]0|31|Природа Свердловской области [c. 31]1|31|Геология. Палеонтология. Археология [c. 31]1|32|География [c. 32]1|32|Животный и растительный мир [c. 32]0|32|Техника. Промышленность [c. 32]1|32|История техники и промышленности [c. 32]1|33|Общие вопросы [c. 33]1|34|Производство предметов народного потребления [c. 34]1|35|Строительство. Строительные материалы. Строительная промышленность [c. 35]1|35|Строительство заводов железобетонных изделий [c. 35]1|40|Энергетическая промышленность [c. 40]1|41|Горная промышленность [c. 41]1|44|Металлургическая промышленность [c. 44]1|51|Машиностроительная промышленность [c. 51]1|57|Химическая промышленность [c. 57]1|58|Лесная промышленность [c. 58]1|60|Легкая промышленность [c. 60]1|60|Камнерезное дело [c. 60]1|61|Местная и кооперативная промышленность [c. 61]0|62|Транспорт. Связь [c. 62]1|62|Транспорт [c. 62]1|65|Связь [c. 65]0|65|Сельское хозяйство [c. 65]1|65|Свердловская область на сельскохозяйственной выставке [c. 65]1|69|Трудящиеся города — сельскому хозяйству [c. 69]1|70|Общие вопросы. Колхозы. Совхозы [c. 70]1|72|Освоение целинных и залежных земель [c. 72]1|73|Механизация. Электрификация. МТС [c. 73]1|77|Агротехника. Общее растениеводство. Почвоведение [c. 77]1|79|Частное растениеводство [c. 79]2|79|Зерновые и бобовые культуры [c. 79]2|79|Кормовые культуры . Луга. Пастбища [c. 79]2|79|Садоводство. Плодоводство [c. 79]2|80|Овощеводство [c. 80]1|82|Животноводство [c. 82]0|86|Охота. Рыбоводство [c. 86]0|86|Торговля. Общественное питание [c. 86]0|89|Гражданское строительство. Коммунальное хозяйство. Бытовое обслуживание населения [c. 89]0|91|Здравоохранение. Медицина [c. 91]0|92|Физическая культура. Спорт. Игры [c. 92]0|94|Культура. Просвещение. Наука [c. 94]1|94|Общие вопросы культуры и просвещения. Наука [c. 94]1|95|Семья и быт [c. 95]1|96|Дошкольное воспитание [c. 96]1|96|Начальное и среднее образование [c. 96]1|98|Политехническое обучение в школах [c. 98]1|98|Высшее и среднее специальное образование [c. 98]1|101|Ремесленные училища. Фабрично-заводское обучение. Технические училища [c. 101]1|102|Культурно-просветительная работа [c. 102]0|105|Литературоведение. Художественная литература. Фольклор [c. 105]1|105|Литературная критика и библиография [c. 105]1|107|Художественная литература [c. 107]2|107|Проза [c. 107]2|108|Поэзия [c. 108]2|109|Драматургия [c. 109]2|109|Фельетоны [c. 109]0|111|Искусство [c. 111]1|111|Архитектура [c. 111]1|111|Изобразительное искусство [c. 111]1|112|Театр. Зрелищные предприятия [c. 112]1|114|Музыка [c. 114]1|114|Художественная самодеятельность [c. 114]1|115|Кино [c. 115]1|115|Религия. Наука и религия. Атеизм [c. 115]1|116|Печать [c. 116

Preoperative nasopharyngeal swab testing and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing elective surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Surgical services are preparing to scale up in areas affected by COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the association between preoperative SARS-CoV-2 testing and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing elective cancer surgery. METHODS: This international cohort study included adult patients undergoing elective surgery for cancer in areas affected by SARS-CoV-2 up to 19 April 2020. Patients suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection before operation were excluded. The primary outcome measure was postoperative pulmonary complications at 30 days after surgery. Preoperative testing strategies were adjusted for confounding using mixed-effects models. RESULTS: Of 8784 patients (432 hospitals, 53 countries), 2303 patients (26.2 per cent) underwent preoperative testing: 1458 (16.6 per cent) had a swab test, 521 (5.9 per cent) CT only, and 324 (3.7 per cent) swab and CT. Pulmonary complications occurred in 3.9 per cent, whereas SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in 2.6 per cent. After risk adjustment, having at least one negative preoperative nasopharyngeal swab test (adjusted odds ratio 0.68, 95 per cent confidence interval 0.68 to 0.98; P = 0.040) was associated with a lower rate of pulmonary complications. Swab testing was beneficial before major surgery and in areas with a high 14-day SARS-CoV-2 case notification rate, but not before minor surgery or in low-risk areas. To prevent one pulmonary complication, the number needed to swab test before major or minor surgery was 18 and 48 respectively in high-risk areas, and 73 and 387 in low-risk areas. CONCLUSION: Preoperative nasopharyngeal swab testing was beneficial before major surgery and in high SARS-CoV-2 risk areas. There was no proven benefit of swab testing before minor surgery in low-risk areas

Tropical field stations yield high conservation return on investment

Conservation funding is currently limited; cost-effective conservation solutions are essential. We suggest that the thousands of field stations worldwide can play key roles at the frontline of biodiversity conservation and have high intrinsic value. We assessed field stations’ conservation return on investment and explored the impact of COVID-19. We surveyed leaders of field stations across tropical regions that host primate research; 157 field stations in 56 countries responded. Respondents reported improved habitat quality and reduced hunting rates at over 80% of field stations and lower operational costs per km2 than protected areas, yet half of those surveyed have less funding now than in 2019. Spatial analyses support field station presence as reducing deforestation. These ‘earth observatories’ provide a high return on investment; we advocate for increased support of field station programs and for governments to support their vital conservation efforts by investing accordingly