Media a opinie i postawy społeczne

Praca recenzowana / peer-reviewed pape

Serotype-Specific Pneumococcal Status prior to PCV 13 Administration in Children and Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The aim of this study was to evaluate the serotype-specific pneumococcal status of children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who were naïve to pneumococcal vaccination before administering the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV 13). This was an open, prospective study on children and adolescents aged 5–18 years who had IBD and were naïve to pneumococcal vac­cination. A single dose of PCV 13 was administered to each patient. The geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) were measured for all 13 serotypes. A total of 122 subjects completed the study. Prevaccination GMCs ranged from 0.55 μg/ml (serotype 4) to 4.26 μg/ml (sero­type 19A). Prior to the administration of PCV 13, high GMCs were detected in older children and adolescents who had IBD and were naïve to pneumococcal vaccination

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km² resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e., offset) between in-situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km² pixels (summarized from 8500 unique temperature sensors) across all the world’s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in-situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world\u27s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Global maps of soil temperature.

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Tomasz Mirkowicz, Translator of Nineteen Eighty-Four and His Short Story The Tunnel

The article is aiming at presenting the profile of Tomasz Mirkowicz (1953-2003), an outstanding translator (among others, of K. Kesey, H. Matthews, G. Orwell) and, as it was universally believed, a “sophisticated” writer and literary critic. The author concentrates on the debut short story by Mirkowicz The Tunnel, published in 1984 un der the pen name Tomasz Minon in an underground Independent Publishing House NOWA (Niezależna Oficyna Wydawnicza NOWA). The story, pretending to be a coverage of a strike initiated on December 13, 1981 in an unnamed coal mine in Silesia, written in the tradition of utopian fiction and science-fiction, was to inspire the potential reader to undertake to work underground for years to come. However, the attempt to depict the truth of the Poles-against-Poles war in The Tunnel failed, exposing the author’s helplessness against the political and social reality of the time. Although the short story did not become a “stunning allegory” nor a universal parable, it heralded the future form typical of the later texts by Mirkowicz (as Geography Lesson [Lekcja geografii], Lipograms [Lipogramy], novel The Pilgrimage to the Holy Land of Egypt [Pielgrzymka do Ziemi Świętej Egiptu]), built in a pattern characteristic of postmodernism. Thanks to the information collected in the Institute of National Remembrance and the censorship archive (Archiwum Akt Nowych) the author of the article was able to provide new facts from Mirkowicz’s biography and about the circumstances of his translation work.Instytut Badań Literackich PAN314

Wedding ceremonies and rituals in South Korea during the Joseon dynasty and today

Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie podobieństw jak i różnic pomiędzy ceremonią zaślubin podczas panowania dynastii Dżoson (1392-1910) oraz w dzisiejszych czasach w Korei Południowej. Praca składa się z trzech rozdziałów. W pierwszym podziale przedstawione zostało tło historyczne oraz społeczne zarówno praktyki ślubu jak i małżeństwa w koreańskim społeczeństwie. Drugi rozdział stanowi opis ceremonii ślubnej w okresie Dżoson oraz wszelkich rytuałów jej towarzyszących w tym okresie. W trzecim, ostatnim rozdziale przedstawione zostały współczesne trendy oraz zwyczaje ślubne, z uwzględnieniem najnowszych tendencji.The purpose of this study is to present the similarities and differences between the marriage ceremony during the reign of the Joson dynasty (1392-1910) and nowadays in South Korea. The work consists of three chapters. The first chapter presents the historical and social background of both wedding and marriage practices in Korean society. The second chapter describes the wedding ceremony during the Joson period and all the rituals accompanying it. The third (and last) chapter presents contemporary wedding trends and customs, taking into account the latest tendencies

Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from pulmonary trunk in an 11 year old girl - a case report

Abstract: A case of 11 year old girl with the anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from pulmonary trunk is presented. Initially the patient was treated conservatively, however, after demonstrating myocardial ischaemia during SPECT, she was selected for surgical treatment

Winged words

Unikatowy w skali nie tylko polskiej, ale i światowej zbiór “skrzydlatych słów” doczekał się drugiego tomu! Oto czym nas zachwycili lub rozbawili, bądź też czym skłonili do głębszej refleksji pisarze, filozofowie, publicyści, naukowcy, filmowcy, muzycy, politycy, ludzie mediów i reklamy… Ci, których nazwiska wciąż pamiętamy, i ci, po których zostały już tylko słowa. “Yes, we can”, “Oczywista oczywistość”, “Ten tramwaj dalej nie pojedzie”, Dżihad przeciw Mac Świat, Co z tą Polską?, “Pięćdziesiąt milionów Francuzów nie może się mylić”, Jak w czeskim filmie, A świstak siedzi i zawija je w sreberka, Pokolenie Kopiuj-Wklej, Coming out… Tom drugi Skrzydlatych słów mieści aż 5 tysięcy haseł - są to pochodzące z okresu od starożytności po współczesność przysłowia, sentencje, obiegowe powiedzonka, słynne cytaty i wyrażenia, które weszły do kanonu kultury polskiej i światowej oraz naszego codziennego języka. Wśród nich znalazły się hasła, które dopiero teraz udało się zlokalizować (także dzięki Google’owi) oraz zupełnie nowe - powstałe w ciągu kilku ostatnich lat. Drugiego takiego słownika nie ma i nie będzie

Raportowanie informacji niefinansowych przez korporację międzynarodową w świetle nowych obowiązujących przepisów

Purpose: Directive 2014/95/EU gave the EU Member States a certain flexibility when transposing it into national law. Each Member State could, therefore, decide to introduce regulations of varying degrees of stringency. Thus, the purpose of the article is: 1) to indicate the main differences in the implementation of the Directive and the national provisions in countries selected for the study; 2) to determine and compare the range of non-financial indicators published by branches of an international corporation that operates in the selected countries, after the introduction of changes to the reports; 3) to determine differences in the reporting of non-financial ratios existing between entities operating within one capital group in the EU and outside of it. Methodology/approach: Comparative analysis and content analysis were used to achieve the objectives of the article. Findings: The results suggest that countries should adopt into their national laws various items, including the definition of a large entity that is required to make non-financial disclosures, the need for external verification of this type of information, and the adoption of sanctions for failing to publish such information. The content analysis of individual branches’ non-financial reports also revealed a wide range of non-financial indicators. What is more, significant differ-ences were found between the scope of the non-financial indicators published by the capital group and those of its subsidiaries. Originality/value: To date, little research has been done on the impact of this regulation on the practice of non-financial reporting. Our research, therefore, expands the knowledge on the subject, despite the fact it does not cover a large number of enterprises. It constitutes a new approach to non-financial disclosure analysis since the study covers non-financial reports of a capital group and its subsidiaries that operate in different countries.Cel: Dyrektywa 2014/95/UE zapewniła członkom UE pewną elastyczność w transpozycji do prawa krajo-wego. W związku z tym każdy kraj członkowski mógł podjąć decyzję o wprowadzeniu bardziej bądź mniej rygorystycznych przepisów. Biorąc to pod uwagę celem artykułu jest: 1) wskazanie głównych różnic we wdrażaniu dyrektywy 2014/95/UE do przepisów prawa krajowego wybranych do badania krajów, 2) usta-lenie i porównanie zakresu wskaźników niefinansowych opublikowanych po wprowadzeniu zmian w ra-portach oddziałów korporacji międzynarodowej funkcjonującej w badanych krajach, 3) ustalenie różnic w raportowaniu wskaźników niefinansowych między jednostkami prowadzącymi działalność na terenie UE i poza nią, ale w ramach jednej grupy kapitałowej. Metodyka/podejście: Do realizacji przyjętych w arty-kule celów wykorzystano analizę porównawczą oraz analizę zawartości. Wyniki: Otrzymane rezultaty wskazują na przyjęcie w prawie krajowym poszczególnych krajów różnych rozwiązań dotyczących: definiowania dużej jednostki mającej obowiązek dokonywania ujawnień niefinansowych, konieczności weryfikacji ze-wnętrznej tego typu informacji oraz przyjęcia sankcji za brak ich opublikowania. Analiza zawartości ra-portów niefinansowych poszczególnych oddziałów również wskazała na różny zakres opublikowanych wskaźników niefinansowych. Ponadto wykazano znaczące różnice między zakresem opublikowanych wskaźników niefinansowych grupy kapitałowej i jej spółek zależnych funkcjonujących w różnych krajach. Oryginalność/wartość: Do tej pory przeprowadzono niewiele badań dotyczących wpływu tej regulacji na praktykę raportowania niefinansowego. Badania przedsawione w artykule stanowią wkład w poszerzenie wiedzy na ten temat, chociaż nie obejmują dużej liczby przedsiębiorstw. Jednakże są nowym podejściem do analizy ujawnień niefinansowych ze względu na objęcie badaniem raportów niefinansowych grupy ka-pitałowej oraz jej jednostek zależnych funkcjonujących w różnych krajach