Análisis del tiempo de reacción en personas con y sin discapacidad intelectual en función del deporte practicado

The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in the reaction time (RT) to a visual stimulus between athletes with intellectual disabilities and without disabilities, as well as to compare the differences in gender and sport practiced. 38 athletes took part in the study (19 with intellectual disabilities and 19 without disabilities) divided according to the sport practiced; athletics, swimming, team sports, gymnastics and martial arts. The instrument used was the Dynavision D2, a speed of reaction meter that sends stimuli in succession to the athletes so that they react rapidly. It was demonstrated that the RT is lower in athletes without disability compared with athletes with intellectual disability (p < 0.05). There being no significant differences in RT between subjects with and without disabilities who engaged in martial arts and when comparing each group among the different popular sports. The mean values of RT are higher in men than in women in both groups, although there was no significant difference between them. The results of this study will help to plan the training of these athletesEl objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar las diferencias en cuanto al tiempo de reacción (TR) ante un estímulo visual entre deportistas con discapacidad intelectual y sin discapacidad, así como comparar las diferencias en función del género y el deporte que se practica. Para ello participaron un total de 38 deportistas (19 con discapacidad intelectual y 19 sin discapacidad) divididos en función del deporte que practicaban: atletismo, natación, deportes colectivos, gimnasia y artes marciales. El instrumento utilizado fue el Dynavision D2, un reacciómetro visual que manda estímulos de forma sucesiva a los deportistas para que respondan de forma rápida. Se demostró que el TR es menor en deportistas sin discapacidad en comparación a deportistas con discapacidad (p < 0.05), no apreciándose diferencias significativas en el TR entre sujetos con y sin discapacidad que realizaban artes marciales, ni al comparar cada grupo entre los distintos deportes practicados. Los valores medios de tiempo de reacción son mayores en hombres que en mujeres en ambos grupos, aunque no se apreciaron diferencias significativas entre ellos. Los resultados de este estudio ayudarían a planificar mejor el entrenamiento de estos deportistasActividad Física y Deport

Impacto de um programa de promoção de atividade física em mulheres trabalhadoras de duas empresas de Bogotá

Estilos de vida activos y saludables se han asociado con mejoras en calidad de vida de mujeres trabajadoras. Objetivos: establecer la efectividad de un programa de actividad física para mejorar componentes del fitness en mujeres trabajadoras de dos empresas de Bogotá. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio longitudinal, descriptivo de carácter exploratorio, con mediciones previas y posteriores de variables cuantitativas de componentes del fitness. Se incluyeron mujeres trabajadorasde 24 a 49 años, sin factores de riesgos asociados y sin restricciones para la práctica de actividad física de acuerdo con el cuestionario PARQ & YOU. Quince mujeres (37,33 ±9,3) se sometieron voluntariamente a la intervención en actividad física durante un período de 12 semanas, 60 minutos diarios. Para el análisis estadístico de los datos, se empleó el paquete estadístico SPSS 17. Resultados: se presentaron cambios significativos después de la intervención en el índice de masa corporal (IMC) (p = 0,023), resistencia abdominal (p = 0,004) y fuerza en miembros inferiores (MMII) (p = 0,001). No hubo cambios estadísticamente significativos en consumo pico de oxígeno y flexibilidad. Conclusión: a partir de estos resultados, se pudo establecer que el protocolo del programa de promoción de actividad física aplicado produjo cambios en el fitness de las mujeres que lo completaron, lo que significa que este puede ser replicado con resultados efectivos tras su desarrollo.Estilos de vida ativos e saudáveis tem se associado com melhoras em qualidade de vida de mulheres trabalhadoras. Objetivo: Estabelecer a efetividade de um programa de atividade física para melhorar componentes do fitness em mulheres trabalhadoras de duas empresas de Bogotá. Métodos: realizou-se um estudo longitudinal, descritivo de caráter exploratório, com medições prévias e posteriores de variáveis quantitativas de componentes do fitness. Incluíram-se mulheres trabalhadoras de 24 a 49 anos, sem fatores de risco associados e sem restrições para a prática de atividade física de acordo com o questionário PARQ & YOU. 15 mulheres (37,33±9,3) se submeteram voluntariamente à intervenção em atividade física durante um período de 12 semanas, 60 minutos diários. Para a análise estadístico dos dados empregou-se o pacote estadístico SPSS 17. Resultados: apresentaram-se mudanças significativas depois da intervenção no Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) (p=0,023), resistência abdominal (p=0,004) e força em membros inferiores (MMII) (p=0,001). Não se apresentaram mudanças estatisticamente significativas em consumo pico de oxigeno e flexibilidade. Conclusão: A partir destes resultados, pode-se estabelecer que o protocolo do programa de promoção de atividade física aplicado produziu mudanças no fitness das mulheres que o completaram, o que significa que este pode ser replicado com resultados efetivos depois de seu desenvolvimento.Active and healthy lifestyles have been associated with better quality of life in working women. Objective: To establish the effectiveness of a physical activity program to improve fitness components in working women from two Colombian companies. Materials and methods: A longitudinal, exploratory, descriptive study was conducted, previous and later measurements about the quantitative aspects of fitness were taken. Women in the study were between 24-49 years old, without associated risk factors or physical activity practice restrictions according to PARQ & YOU questionnaire. 15 women (37,33 ±9,3) voluntarily decided to join for the intervention on physical activity for a period of 12 weeks, 60 minutes per day. Statistical analysis was made with SPSS 17. Results: Statistical changes appeared after the intervention, body mass index (BMI) (p = 0,023), abdominal strength (p = 0,004) and lower limbs strength (p = 0,001). There were no significant changes in maximal oxygen uptake and flexibility. Conclusion: From these results, it was established that the implemented physical activity promotion protocol was effective to change fitness of women who completed the program, meaning that it can be replicated with effective results after its completition

Efectos de un programa de promoción de actividad física sobre el fitness de mujeres adolescentes de dos colegios de Bogotá, D.C.

Introducción. La inactividad física actualmente predomina en toda la población, en particular la adolescente, lo que genera consecuencias sobre la salud. A su vez, el ámbito escolar provee un ambiente propicio para intervenciones de promoción de hábitos de vida saludables. Este estudio propone implementar y evaluar el impacto de un modelo de promoción de actividad física, con el propósito de modificar comportamientos individuales y colectivos hacia la práctica regular de actividad física. Objetivo. Evaluar los efectos de un programa de promoción de actividad física sobre los componentes del fitness relacionado con la salud en mujeres adolescentes de dos colegios de Bogotá. Materiales y métodos. Este es un estudio longitudinal, descriptivo, exploratorio, con mediciones pre-post de los componentes del fitness relacionado con la salud. 49 mujeres sanas estudiantes de dos colegios de Bogotá (edad: 15.33±1.36 años) participaron en el programa de 12 semanas. El paquete estadístico SPSS 20 fue utilizado para el análisis. Resultados. Después de la intervención, se encontraron cambios significativos en la fuerza de abdominales y de miembros inferiores de las adolescentes participantes. Las demás variables medidas mostraron cambios positivos, pero no significativos. Conclusiones. El programa propuesto genera cambios positivos en la mayoría de componentes del fitness relacionado con la salud en mujeres adolescentes.Introduction: Physical inactivity currently prevails throughout the population, particularly adolescents, generating health consequences. In turn, the school setting provides a conducive environment to promote healthy lifestyles. This study proposes the implementation and evaluation of the impact of a model for physical activity promotion, with the purpose of modifying individual and collective behaviors towards regular physical activity. Objective: To assess the effects of a physical activity promotion program on fitness components related to health in adolescent women from two schools in Bogotá. Materials and methods: This is a longitudinal, descriptive, exploratory study with pre-post fitness measurements related to health. 49 healthy female students from two schools in Bogota (aged15.33±1.36) participated in the program for 12 weeks. SPSS 20 was used for analysis. Results: After the intervention, significant changes were found in abdominal and lower limb strength. Other variables measured showed positive changes, but not significant. Conclusions: The proposed program generates positive changes in most fitness components regarding health in adolescent women

ECG study in practical labs for biomedical engineering training

Non-invasive biomedical measurements are one of the most important technological contributions whitin the biomedical engineering field. On this paper, a dual laboratory session student oriented is designed to simulate and implement a cardial signal monitor. During the first session, ORCAD PSpice software is used to simulate the whole process. The students can acquire knowledge on the process by configuring and running both the instrumentation amplifier and a passive filter to improve the signal quality. The second session requires from the student basic laboratory skills to use a specific printed circuit board (PCB) to measure its very own cardiac potential. As a result, from this session, the student can visualize the ECG signal acquired directly on the laboratory oscilloscope

Pharmaceutical and Botanical Management of Pain Associated with Psychopathology: A Narrative Review

Generally, pain can be described as an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with tissue damage. Chronic pain has become a public health problem because among 35 and 75% of the world population has shown the symptom. In particular, neuropathic pain has shown high comorbidity disorders such as anxiety and depression. Conventional therapies for treating pain include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and opioids, which usually cause some side effects such as gastritis, headache, liver and kidney toxicity, and drug dependence. Conventional pharmaceuticals also tend to be expensive, and they cannot be easily afforded in developing countries, which have led to the use of natural products as an alternative treatment. In this chapter, we reviewed the current research of natural products for pain treatment. We also describe preclinical studies that assess the effect of some natural products on pain therapy, phytochemistry research, toxicity, adverse effects, and biosecurity. We also describe how conventional pain is managed and the possible use of compounds obtained from vegetable species for pain treatment

Compromising between European and US allergen immunotherapy schools: Discussions from GUIMIT, the Mexican immunotherapy guidelines

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has a longstanding history and still remains the only disease-changing treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Over the years 2 different schools have developed their strategies: the United States (US) and the European. Allergen extracts available in these regions are adapted to local practice. In other parts of the world, extracts from both regions and local ones are commercialized, as in Mexico. Here, local experts developed a national AIT guideline (GUIMIT 2019) searching for compromises between both schools. Methods: Using ADAPTE methodology for transculturizing guidelines and AGREE-II for evaluating guideline quality, GUIMIT selected 3 high-quality Main Reference Guidelines (MRGs): the European Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (EAACI) guideines, the S2k guideline of various German-speaking medical societies (2014), and the US Practice Parameters on Allergen Immunotherapy 2011. We formulated clinical questions and based responses on the fused evidence available in the MRGs, combined with local possibilities, patient's preference, and costs. We came across several issues on which the MRGs disagreed. These are presented here along with arguments of GUIMIT members to resolve them. GUIMIT (for a complete English version, see Supplementary data) concluded the following: Results: Related to the diagnosis of IgE-mediated respiratory allergy, apart from skin prick testing complementary tests (challenges, in vitro testing and molecular such as species-specific allergens) might be useful in selected cases to inform AIT composition. AIT is indicated in allergic rhinitis and suggested in allergic asthma (once controlled) and IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis. Concerning the correct subcutaneous AIT dose for compounding vials according to the US school: dosing tables and formula are given; up to 4 non-related allergens can be mixed, refraining from mixing high with low protease extracts. When using European extracts: the manufacturer's indications should be followed; in multi-allergic patients 2 simultaneous injections can be given (100% consensus); mixing is discouraged. In Mexico only allergoid tablets are available; based on doses used in all sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) publications referenced in MRGs, GUIMIT suggests a probable effective dose related to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) might be: 50–200% of the monthly SCIT dose given daily, maximum mixing 4 allergens. Also, a table with practical suggestions on non-evidence-existing issues, developed with a simplified Delphi method, is added. Finally, dissemination and implementation of guidelines is briefly discussed, explaining how we used online tools for this in Mexico. Conclusions: Countries where European and American AIT extracts are available should adjust AIT according to which school is followed

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Territorios sustentables en contexto de pandemia

La obra ofrece trabajos que brindan un conocimiento científico sobre el impacto de la pandemia en la salud, la economía, el ambiente y los territorios y se plantean desafíos para hacer más sostenible la vida en las ciudades y en el campo para insertarse y poder competir a nivel global