UPAYA ORANG TUA DALAM MEMBINA AKHLAK REMAJA DI DESA TANAH TUMBUH KABUPATEN MUARO BUNGO

Remaja zaman sekarang sulit jika hanya dinasehati dan diberikan contoh saja, karna remaja sekarang lebih suka membangkang jika diberikan contoh yang baik dan diperintah orangtua untuk mengerjakan sesuatu. Di sini orangtua harus memiliki cara-cara bagaimana orangtua bisa membina remaja untuk berakhlakul karimah. Dalam hal ini orangtua memiliki peran yang sangat penting terhadap para remaja, seperti yang sudah dijelaskan di atas, orangtua membimbing remaja dengan cara bermacam-macam, karena jika remaja di bimbing hanya melalui nasehat, dan memberikan pengarahan terhadap mereka tentang hal-hal yang mereka belum pahami itu tidak cukup, karena remaja sekarang sedikit sulit untuk mengerti apa yang dilakukan orangtuanya kepada mereka. Seperti yang sudah Peneliti amati di lingkungan sekitar bahwasanya orangtua yang membimbing remaja hanya dengan menasehati dan memberikan contoh saja belum tentu mereka mendengarkan, bahkan remaja lebih sering membantah jika dinasehati orangtuanya. Pertanyaan penelitian dalam peneitian ini adalahBagaimana peran orangtua dalam membina akhlak remaja di Dusun Tebing Tinggi Uleh Desa Tanah Tumbuh Kabupaten Muaro Bungo Jambi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peranan orangtua dalam membina akhlak remaja di Dusun Tebing Tinggi Uleh. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Wawancara dilakukan terhadap orangtua yang sudah melakukan kewajibannya yaitu membimbing, mengarahkan remaja dll, yang berada di Dusun Tebing Tinggi Uleh. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa di Dusun Tebing Tinggi Uleh Desa Tanah Tumbuh Kabupaten Muaro Bungo Jambi, para orangtua sudah semaksimal mungkin dalam mengarahkan dan membina para remaja. Orangtua mengajarkan remaja dengan cara pembiasaan dalam setiap kegiatan sehingga dengan begitu remaja akan selalu menjalankannya

Juice and water intake in infancy and later beverage intake and adiposity: Could juice be a gateway drink?

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109965/1/oby20927.pd

First insights into the phylogenetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Nepal

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in Nepal. Strain variation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis may influence the outcome of TB infection and disease. To date, the phylogenetic diversity of M. tuberculosis in Nepal is unknown. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We analyzed 261 M. tuberculosis isolates recovered from pulmonary TB patients recruited between August 2009 and August 2010 in Nepal. M. tuberculosis lineages were determined by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) typing and spoligotyping. Drug resistance was determined by sequencing the hot spot regions of the relevant target genes. Overall, 164 (62.8%) TB patients were new, and 97 (37.2%) were previously treated. Any drug resistance was detected in 50 (19.2%) isolates, and 16 (6.1%) were multidrug-resistant. The most frequent M. tuberculosis lineage was Lineage 3 (CAS/Delhi) with 106 isolates (40.6%), followed by Lineage 2 (East-Asian lineage, includes Beijing genotype) with 84 isolates (32.2%), Lineage 4 (Euro-American lineage) with 41 (15.7%) isolates, and Lineage 1 (Indo-Oceanic lineage) with 30 isolates (11.5%). Based on spoligotyping, we found 45 different spoligotyping patterns that were previously described. The Beijing (83 isolates, 31.8%) and CAS spoligotype (52, 19.9%) were the dominant spoligotypes. A total of 36 (13.8%) isolates could not be assigned to any known spoligotyping pattern. Lineage 2 was associated with female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.58, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.42-4.67, p = 0.002), and any drug resistance (aOR 2.79; 95% CI 1.43-5.45; p = 0.002). We found no evidence for an association of Lineage 2 with age or BCG vaccination status. CONCLUSIONS: We found a large genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis in Nepal with representation of all four major lineages. Lineages 3 and 2 were dominating. Lineage 2 was associated with clinical characteristics. This study fills an important gap on the map of the M. tuberculosis genetic diversity in the Asian reg

Associations between branched chain amino acid intake and biomarkers of adiposity and cardiometabolic health independent of genetic factors: a twin study

Background: Conflicting data exist on the impact of dietary and circulating levels of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) on cardiometabolic health and it is unclear to what extent these relations are mediated by genetics.  Methods: In a cross-sectional study of 1997 female twins we examined associations between BCAA intake, measured using food frequency-questionnaires, and a range of markers of cardiometabolic health, including DXA-measured body fat, blood pressure, HOMA-IR, highsensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and lipids. We also measured plasma concentrations of BCAA and known metabolites of amino acid metabolism using untargeted mass spectrometry. Using a within-twin design, multivariable analyses were used to compare the associations between BCAA intake and endpoints of cardiometabolic health, independently of genetic confounding.  Results: Higher BCAA intake was significantly associated with lower HOMA-IR (-0.1, Ptrend 0.02), insulin (-0.5 µU/mL, P-trend 0.03), hs-CRP -0.3 mg/L, P-trend 0.01), systolic blood pressure (-2.3 mm Hg, P-trend 0.01) and waist-to-height ratio (-0.01, P-trend 0.04), comparing extreme quintiles of intake. These associations persisted in within-pair analysis for monozygotic twins for insulin resistance (P<0.01), inflammation (P=0.03), and blood pressure (P=0.04) suggesting independence from genetic confounding. There were no association between BCAA intake and plasma concentrations, although two metabolitespreviously associated with obesity were inversely associated with BCAA intake (alphahydroxyisovalerate and trans-4-hydroxyproline).  Conclusions: Higher intakes of BCAA were associated, independently of genetics, with lower insulin resistance, inflammation, blood pressure and adiposity-related metabolites. The BCAA intake associated with our findings are easily achievable in the habitual diet.  Abbreviations: BCAA, branched chain amino acids; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DZ, dizygotic; FFQ, food frequency questionnaire; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; MZ, monozygotic; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T2DM, type 2 diabetes; SBP, systolic blood pressure; WHtR, waist to height rati

Highly Sensitive Detection of Individual HEAT and ARM Repeats with HHpred and COACH

BACKGROUND:HEAT and ARM repeats occur in a large number of eukaryotic proteins. As these repeats are often highly diverged, the prediction of HEAT or ARM domains can be challenging. Except for the most clear-cut cases, identification at the individual repeat level is indispensable, in particular for determining domain boundaries. However, methods using single sequence queries do not have the sensitivity required to deal with more divergent repeats and, when applied to proteins with known structures, in some cases failed to detect a single repeat. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Testing algorithms which use multiple sequence alignments as queries, we found two of them, HHpred and COACH, to detect HEAT and ARM repeats with greatly enhanced sensitivity. Calibration against experimentally determined structures suggests the use of three score classes with increasing confidence in the prediction, and prediction thresholds for each method. When we applied a new protocol using both HHpred and COACH to these structures, it detected 82% of HEAT repeats and 90% of ARM repeats, with the minimum for a given protein of 57% for HEAT repeats and 60% for ARM repeats. Application to bona fide HEAT and ARM proteins or domains indicated that similar numbers can be expected for the full complement of HEAT/ARM proteins. A systematic screen of the Protein Data Bank for false positive hits revealed their number to be low, in particular for ARM repeats. Double false positive hits for a given protein were rare for HEAT and not at all observed for ARM repeats. In combination with fold prediction and consistency checking (multiple sequence alignments, secondary structure prediction, and position analysis), repeat prediction with the new HHpred/COACH protocol dramatically improves prediction in the twilight zone of fold prediction methods, as well as the delineation of HEAT/ARM domain boundaries. SIGNIFICANCE:A protocol is presented for the identification of individual HEAT or ARM repeats which is straightforward to implement. It provides high sensitivity at a low false positive rate and will therefore greatly enhance the accuracy of predictions of HEAT and ARM domains

Sex Differences in Characteristics of Adolescents Presenting to the Emergency Department with Acute Assault‐related Injury

Objectives:  Adolescents with a history of peer assault are known to report high rates of other risky behaviors. The characteristics of adolescents seeking care in the ED for acute assault‐related injury are less well established. This knowledge deficit is particularly noticeable for adolescent female victims of peer assault. This study’s objectives were: 1) to characterize the demographics and risk behaviors of youths presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute assault‐related injury and 2) to compare assaulted youths’ demographic characteristics, past experiences with violence, and other risk behaviors by sex. Methods:  A systematic sample of adolescents (ages 14 to 18 years) presenting to an urban ED with acute assault‐related injury (excluding dating violence, sexual assault, and child abuse) was recruited. Consenting participants self‐administered a computerized survey about demographics, history of peer and dating aggression, and theoretical correlates of violence (e.g., alcohol and other drug use, depressive symptoms, weapon carriage). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors that were differentially associated with presentation to the ED for acute assault‐related injury for females versus males. Results:  Of 3,338 adolescents completing a screening survey during the 36‐month study period, 197 had presented to the ED with acute assault‐related injuries; seven of these were excluded from this study due to being victims of dating violence. Most ( n =  179, 94.2%) of these 190 acutely assaulted participants were discharged home. The majority reported a history of past‐year peer aggression ( n =  160, 84.2%) and past‐year violent injury ( n =  106, 55.8%). Similar rates of past‐year peer aggression, past‐year violent injury, alcohol use, and weapon carriage were observed for adolescent males and females presenting with acute assault‐related injury. Males and females also reported similar age, race, socioeconomic status, and education levels. Compared to males, females were less likely to report living with a parent (odds ratio [OR] = 0.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.08 to 0.84) and were more likely to report depressive symptoms (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.23 to 5.48) and past‐year dating aggression (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.04 to 4.82). Conclusions:  Male and female adolescents with acute assault‐related injuries were very similar. Both reported extremely high rates of past year peer violence, assault‐related injury, and substance use. The greater prevalence of some risk factors among adolescent females, such as depressive symptoms, dating aggression, and independent living status, should be further investigated.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/86795/1/j.1553-2712.2011.01165.x.pd

Assessment of solar shading strategies in low-income tropical housing: the case of Uganda

Developing countries in tropical and subtropical areas will be the worst hit by climate change. Very little research has been done to assess the impact of climate change on thermal comfort in low-income housing in these regions. The effects of solar shading strategies and solar absorptance properties of walls and roofs on thermal comfort in Ugandan low-income housing are studied in this paper. Various shading strategies including curtains, roof and window overhangs, veranda and trees as well as effects of painting on solar heat gain and thermal comfort are modelled using EnergyPlus software. An adaptive approach for naturally ventilated buildings defined by the European Committee for Standardization standard BS EN 15251:2007 is used to assess the conditions. According to the results, solar shading is less effective in meeting thermal comfort requirements and it should be used in conjunction with other strategies to achieve desirable results. White painting, in contrast, significantly improved the conditions and significantly reduced the risk of overheating. Solar shading proved to be effective during the hottest periods of the year, reducing the risk of extreme overheating by up to 52%

Five-year workplace wellness intervention in the NHS

aims: Poor health and well-being has been observed among NHS staff and has become a key focus in current public health policy. The objective of this study was to deliver and evaluate a five-year employee wellness programme aimed at improving the health and well-being of employees in a large NHS workplace. method: A theory-driven multi-level ecological workplace wellness intervention was delivered including health campaigns, provision of facilities and health-promotion activities to encourage employees to make healthy lifestyle choices and sustained behaviour changes. An employee questionnaire survey was distributed at baseline (n= 1,452) and at five years (n= 1,134), including measures of physical activity, BMI, diet, self-efficacy, social support, perceived gen-eral health and mood, smoking behaviours, self-reported sickness absence, perceived work performance and job satisfaction. results: Samples were comparable at baseline and follow-up. At five years, significantly more respondents actively travelled (by walking or cycling both to work and for non-work trips) and more were active while at work. Significantly more respondents met current recommendations for physical activity at five years than at baseline. Fewer employers reported ‘lack of time’ as a barrier to being physically active following the intervention. Significantly lower sickness absence, greater job satisfaction and greater organisational commitment was reported at five years than at baseline. conclusions: Improvements in health behaviours, reductions in sickness absence and improvements in job satisfaction and organisational commitment were observed following five years of a workplace wellness intervention for NHS employees. These findings suggest that health-promoting programmes should be embedded within NHS infrastructure

Dataset of manually measured QT intervals in the electrocardiogram

BACKGROUND: The QT interval and the QT dispersion are currently a subject of considerable interest. Cardiac repolarization delay is known to favor the development of arrhythmias. The QT dispersion, defined as the difference between the longest and the shortest QT intervals or as the standard deviation of the QT duration in the 12-lead ECG is assumed to be reliable predictor of cardiovascular mortality. The seventh annual PhysioNet/Computers in Cardiology Challenge, 2006 addresses a question of high clinical interest: Can the QT interval be measured by fully automated methods with accuracy acceptable for clinical evaluations? METHOD: The PTB Diagnostic ECG Database was given to 4 cardiologists and 1 biomedical engineer for manual marking of QRS onsets and T-wave ends in 458 recordings. Each recording consisted of one selected beat in lead II, chosen visually to have minimum baseline shift, noise, and artifact. In cases where no T wave could be observed or its amplitude was very small, the referees were instructed to mark a 'group-T-wave end' taking into consideration leads with better manifested T wave. A modified Delphi approach was used, which included up to three rounds of measurements to obtain results closer to the median. RESULTS: A total amount of 2*5*548 Q-onsets and T-wave ends were manually marked during round 1. To obtain closer to the median results, 8.58 % of Q-onsets and 3.21 % of the T-wave ends had to be reviewed during round 2, and 1.50 % Q-onsets and 1.17 % T-wave ends in round 3. The mean and standard deviation of the differences between the values of the referees and the median after round 3 were 2.43 ± 0.96 ms for the Q-onset, and 7.43 ± 3.44 ms for the T-wave end. CONCLUSION: A fully accessible, on the Internet, dataset of manually measured Q-onsets and T-wave ends was created and presented in additional file: 1 (Table 4) with this article. Thus, an available standard can be used for the development of automated methods for the detection of Q-onsets, T-wave ends and for QT interval measurements