Actividad física y calidad de vida en las personas mayores: estudio piloto PQS

Diferentes investigaciones muestran los efectos de la actividad física (AF) sobre la salud en los adultos mayores. Los objetivos principales de este estudio fueron: 1) evaluar la relación entre las recomendaciones de AF de la OMS y la percepción de calidad de vida en las personas mayores, y 2) valorar el efecto de un asesoramiento basado en la concienciación sobre el estilo de vida. Para ello participaron 28 adultos mayores (70,6±6,2) del municipio de Villanueva de Gállego (Zaragoza), que fueron distribuidos en grupo experimental (GE) y control. Todos los sujetos completaron un cuestionario de calidad de vida (EQ-5D) y de nivel de AF (RAPA). Los sujetos que practicaban AF regular presentaron mayores niveles de percepción de calidad de vida (p<0,05). La intervención basada en la concienciación podría ser una estrategia de utilidad en la mejora de la percepción de la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores

Perspectives on Immunoglobulins in Colostrum and Milk

Immunoglobulins form an important component of the immunological activity found in milk and colostrum. They are central to the immunological link that occurs when the mother transfers passive immunity to the offspring. The mechanism of transfer varies among mammalian species. Cattle provide a readily available immune rich colostrum and milk in large quantities, making those secretions important potential sources of immune products that may benefit humans. Immune milk is a term used to describe a range of products of the bovine mammary gland that have been tested against several human diseases. The use of colostrum or milk as a source of immunoglobulins, whether intended for the neonate of the species producing the secretion or for a different species, can be viewed in the context of the types of immunoglobulins in the secretion, the mechanisms by which the immunoglobulins are secreted, and the mechanisms by which the neonate or adult consuming the milk then gains immunological benefit. The stability of immunoglobulins as they undergo processing in the milk, or undergo digestion in the intestine, is an additional consideration for evaluating the value of milk immunoglobulins. This review summarizes the fundamental knowledge of immunoglobulins found in colostrum, milk, and immune milk

Thermal Stability of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Receptors, CD4 and CXCR4, Reconstituted in Proteoliposomes

BACKGROUND: The entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) into host cells involves the interaction of the viral exterior envelope glycoprotein, gp120, and receptors on the target cell. The HIV-1 receptors are CD4 and one of two chemokine receptors, CCR5 or CXCR4. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We created proteoliposomes that contain CD4, the primary HIV-1 receptor, and one of the coreceptors, CXCR4. Antibodies against CD4 and CXCR4 specifically bound the proteoliposomes. CXCL12, the natural ligand for CXCR4, and the small-molecule CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, bound the proteoliposomes with affinities close to those associated with the binding of these molecules to cells expressing CXCR4 and CD4. The HIV-1 gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein bound tightly to proteoliposomes expressing only CD4 and, in the presence of soluble CD4, bound weakly to proteoliposomes expressing only CXCR4. The thermal stability of CD4 and CXCR4 inserted into liposomes was examined. Thermal denaturation of CXCR4 followed second-order kinetics, with an activation energy (E(a)) of 269 kJ/mol (64.3 kcal/mol) and an inactivation temperature (T(i)) of 56°C. Thermal inactivation of CD4 exhibited a reaction order of 1.3, an E(a) of 278 kJ/mol (66.5 kcal/mol), and a T(i) of 52.2°C. The second-order denaturation kinetics of CXCR4 is unusual among G protein-coupled receptors, and may result from dimeric interactions between CXCR4 molecules. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our studies with proteoliposomes containing the native HIV-1 receptors allowed an examination of the binding of biologically important ligands and revealed the higher-order denaturation kinetics of these receptors. CD4/CXCR4-proteoliposomes may be useful for the study of virus-target cell interactions and for the identification of inhibitors

EFFECT OF SPACER GARMENT ON PHYSIOLOGICAL STRAIN DURING EXERCISE IN THE HEAT WHEN WEARING PROTECTIVE VESTS

J.D. Adams, Brendon P. McDermott, Christian B. Ridings, Lacey Mainer, Matthew S. Ganio, and Stavros A. Kavouras, FACSM. Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR.; email: [email protected] Numerous cooling technologies have been developed to reduce heat strain when wearing a variety of protective ensembles during military and law enforcement duties. Some cooling vests demonstrate improved sweat evaporation and decreased core temperature when worn along with protective body armor. Spacer garments represent a potentially lighter, cost-efficient method for improved airflow. PURPOSE: To determine if a spacer garment reduces physiological strain during exercise in the heat when wearing a military protective vest or a law enforcement concealable vest. METHODS: Sixteen men (24.5 ± 3.9 yrs.; 179.5 ± 5.6 cm; 84.6 ± 12.3 kg) performed either 2 or 4 trials of treadmill walking (3.1 mph; 2% grade) over 120 min in a hot, dry environment (37°C, 30% rh, wind speed 3.5 m·s). Participants completed trials with either a military patrol vest or a law enforcement concealable vest, with either a spacer garment (Ps; Cs) or no spacer garment (Pc; Cc) in random order. During trials, participants wore Army Combat Uniform pants and physiological measurements that were measured every 5 min included gastrointestinal temperature (TGI), mean skin (Tsk) temperature, heart rate (HR), and sweating rate (SR). RESULTS: In the patrol trial (Ps vs. Pc), no differences in final TGI (38.2 ± 0.4 vs. 38.3 ± 0.4°C), Tsk (35.0 ± 0.9 vs. 35.0 ± 1.0 °C), HR (142 ± 19 vs. 143 ± 23 bpm), or SR (1.15 ± 1.13 vs. 1.54 ± 0.46 L/hr) existed (P\u3e0.05). In the concealable trial (Cs vs. Cc), no differences in final TGI (38.0 ± 0.4 vs. 38.1 ± 0.3°C), Tsk (35.3 ± 1.1 vs. 35.6 ± 0.9°C), HR (132 ± 20 vs. 135 ± 20 bpm), or SR (1.39 ± 0.52 vs.1.37 ± 0.18 L/hr) existed (P\u3e0.05). CONCLUSION: When participants exercised with either a military protective vest or a law enforcement concealable vest while wearing the spacer garment, there were no thermoregulatory differences when compared to control trials. Thus, the passive spacer garment had no effect on the physiological responses during mild exercise in the heat. Funded by Cortac