COMPARISON OF ORAL SECNIDAZOLE AND CLINDAMYCIN IN TREATMENT OF BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of using secnidazole as single per oral dose in comparison with clindamycin for treating bacterial vaginosis. Method: The study design followed in this research was double blind randomized controlled trial. It was conducted at Shifa foundation, Community Health Centre over period of 2 years and 11 months from March 2012 to February 2015. Informed consent was taken from all cases and diagnosis was confirmed by physical examination and presence of milky discharge was confirmed, followed by confirmation on microscopy by looking for clue cells and positive amine test. Exclusion criteria was pregnancy, immunocompromised state or diabetic women. Doctor, patient and pharmacist blinding was ensured. Sample was divided into two groups, group 1 was given pack 1 medicine containing clindamycin and oral placebo while group 2 was given pack 2 which had 2g secnidazole in it along with placebo topical vaginal preparation. Recovery criteria was reversal of two out of following three symptoms i.e. milky vaginal discharge, negative amine test, normal Nugent score after 15 days of treatment initiation. Results: 96% cases who were on clindamycin treatment recovered on 15th day while only 23% patients recovered by taking secnidazole orally. Key Words: vaginal clindamycin, bacterial vaginosis, oral secnidazole, treatment

Hepatoprotective Effect of Berberis Lycium in Αlpha-Naphthylisothiocyanate Induced Cholestatic Mouse Models

Cholestasis is characterized by the obstruction of bile flow from hepatocytes to the intestine. It results in accumulation of bile acids in the liver, which cause oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Till now, the treatment options against cholestasis are limited. Therefore, there is an utmost requirement to develop and evaluate the drugs with potential anti-cholestatic effects. In the current study, the drug-induced cholestasis mouse models were generated via oral administration of α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT). The mice were placed into three groups of six animals each. Group I was the control group and was given saline. The cholestasis model Group II was given saline for 19 days. On 19th day (48 hours before sacrifice) they received a single dose of ANIT (75 mg/kg). Group III served as the plant extract treatment group and received root extract for 19 days. On nineteenth day (48 hours before sacrifice) they received a single dose of ANIT (75 mg/kg). On 21st day, mice were sacrificed for analysis of serum biochemistry and liver histology. The results revealed that Berberis lycium extract has hepatoprotective properties, as serum level of AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine transaminase) are significantly lower in the plant treatment group compared to the cholestasis model group. Furthermore, liver histology validated the serological results since the hepatocyte architecture in the plant treatment group was similar to that of control group. In conclusion, the data exhibit that B. lycium possess protective activities against ANIT induced cholestasis

Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017 : results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Correction:Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.Peer reviewe

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; A Review of Recent Updates and a Glance into the Future

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a rapidly progressive form of respiratory failure that accounts for 10% of admissions to the ICU and is associated with approximately 40% mortality in severe cases. Despite significant mortality and healthcare burden, the mainstay of management remains supportive care. The recent pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has re-ignited a worldwide interest in exploring the pathophysiology of ARDS, looking for innovative ideas to treat this disease. Recently, many trials have been published utilizing different pharmacotherapy targets; however, the long-term benefits of these agents remain unknown. Metabolomics profiling and stem cell transplantation offer strong enthusiasm and may completely change the outlook of ARDS management in the near future

Co-relation of overall survival with peripheral blood-based inflammatory biomarkers in advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer treated with anti-programmed cell death-1 therapy: results from a single institutional database

Co-relation of overall survival with peripheral blood-based inflammatory biomarkers in advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer treated with anti-programmed cell death-1 therapy: results from a single institutional databas

Outcomes associated with immune-related adverse events in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treated with nivolumab: a pooled exploratory analysis from a global cohort (vol 89, 451, 2020)

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The second sentence of the section "irAEs and ICI efficacy" should read as