The help relationship in clinical nursing education

The clinical nursing education involves considerable effort from students. They established interpersonal relationships and they are active participants in this process. What is the perception of nursing students and the parents of the children in the help relationship (HR) developed during the clinical training were some of our research questions. We aimed to identify factors that influence interpersonal relations between nursing students and the mothers of hospitalized children; analyze the relationship between the perspective of students and the parents of the children on the HR developed during the clinical training; identify feelings experienced by students and parents in the relational process of care taking. As methods quantitative, descriptive and correlational study, conducted in a sample of 139 nursing students and 73 mothers of hospitalized children. It was used a questionnaire, which includes socio-demographic, training and clinical characterization and the BarrettLennard Relationship Inventory (BLRI), which evaluates the help relationship in four dimensions have been used. The dimensions of help relationship - Level of Regard, Empathic Understanding and Unconditionally Respect - are scored positively by students and mothers. The Congruence of performance is evaluated negatively by mothers while students are evaluated positively. Prevailing negative feelings referenced by students and the positive feelings by mothers. The perception of help relationship is influenced by some socio-demographic variables of students and mothers. All dimensions establish a dependent relationship with the group of students and mothers. The perception of students on the HR is positive, the perception of mothers regarding student performance is also positive, except in Congruence.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ÁREAS VERDES COMO LOCAL DE REFÚGIO: PROPOSTA DE REVITALIZAÇÃO PAISAGÍSTICA NA PRAÇA DOS PALMARES, MACEIÓ-AL

Após um longo período de urbanização e verticalização nas cidades, percebe-se que gradativamente os espaços verdes vêm sendo valorizados. No entanto, muitos deles apesar de manterem áreas com grande potencial paisagístico está em situação de quase abandono, apesar do valor histórico e cultural que possuem. Estudos mostram que áreas livres funcionam como “respiro” dentro de grandes centros urbanos, pois minimizam os efeitos da ilha de calor urbano. Diante dessas problemáticas e do potencial existentes, o presente estudo, resultado de um trabalho realizado na disciplina de Paisagismo do curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, tem como objetivo propor a revitalização da Praça dos Palmares, localizada no centro da cidade de Maceió - AL. Para desenvolver a proposta o projeto inspira-se nas belezas naturais do fundo do mar dos corais alagoanos e utiliza espécies botânicas adequadas ao clima da cidade e local (devido aos fortes ventos e maresia). Assim, a temática propõe uma área revitalizada que proporcione aos moradores e visitantes um espaço de beleza paisagística, áreas de contemplação e descanso e que reforce um dos aspectos que reafirma a importância das praças: um espaço voltado à transmissão de conhecimento e cultura, de exposição de ideias e tomada de decisões

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Erratum to: Methods for evaluating medical tests and biomarkers

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s41512-016-0001-y.]

Multiple novel prostate cancer susceptibility signals identified by fine-mapping of known risk loci among Europeans

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous common prostate cancer (PrCa) susceptibility loci. We have fine-mapped 64 GWAS regions known at the conclusion of the iCOGS study using large-scale genotyping and imputation in 25 723 PrCa cases and 26 274 controls of European ancestry. We detected evidence for multiple independent signals at 16 regions, 12 of which contained additional newly identified significant associations. A single signal comprising a spectrum of correlated variation was observed at 39 regions; 35 of which are now described by a novel more significantly associated lead SNP, while the originally reported variant remained as the lead SNP only in 4 regions. We also confirmed two association signals in Europeans that had been previously reported only in East-Asian GWAS. Based on statistical evidence and linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure, we have curated and narrowed down the list of the most likely candidate causal variants for each region. Functional annotation using data from ENCODE filtered for PrCa cell lines and eQTL analysis demonstrated significant enrichment for overlap with bio-features within this set. By incorporating the novel risk variants identified here alongside the refined data for existing association signals, we estimate that these loci now explain ∼38.9% of the familial relative risk of PrCa, an 8.9% improvement over the previously reported GWAS tag SNPs. This suggests that a significant fraction of the heritability of PrCa may have been hidden during the discovery phase of GWAS, in particular due to the presence of multiple independent signals within the same regio

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Evidence synthesis to inform model-based cost-effectiveness evaluations of diagnostic tests: a methodological systematic review of health technology assessments

Background: Evaluations of diagnostic tests are challenging because of the indirect nature of their impact on patient outcomes. Model-based health economic evaluations of tests allow different types of evidence from various sources to be incorporated and enable cost-effectiveness estimates to be made beyond the duration of available study data. To parameterize a health-economic model fully, all the ways a test impacts on patient health must be quantified, including but not limited to diagnostic test accuracy. Methods: We assessed all UK NIHR HTA reports published May 2009-July 2015. Reports were included if they evaluated a diagnostic test, included a model-based health economic evaluation and included a systematic review and meta-analysis of test accuracy. From each eligible report we extracted information on the following topics: 1) what evidence aside from test accuracy was searched for and synthesised, 2) which methods were used to synthesise test accuracy evidence and how did the results inform the economic model, 3) how/whether threshold effects were explored, 4) how the potential dependency between multiple tests in a pathway was accounted for, and 5) for evaluations of tests targeted at the primary care setting, how evidence from differing healthcare settings was incorporated. Results: The bivariate or HSROC model was implemented in 20/22 reports that met all inclusion criteria. Test accuracy data for health economic modelling was obtained from meta-analyses completely in four reports, partially in fourteen reports and not at all in four reports. Only 2/7 reports that used a quantitative test gave clear threshold recommendations. All 22 reports explored the effect of uncertainty in accuracy parameters but most of those that used multiple tests did not allow for dependence between test results. 7/22 tests were potentially suitable for primary care but the majority found limited evidence on test accuracy in primary care settings. Conclusions: The uptake of appropriate meta-analysis methods for synthesising evidence on diagnostic test accuracy in UK NIHR HTAs has improved in recent years. Future research should focus on other evidence requirements for cost-effectiveness assessment, threshold effects for quantitative tests and the impact of multiple diagnostic tests

Erratum to: Methods for evaluating medical tests and biomarkers

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s41512-016-0001-y.]

A relação de ajuda durante os ensinos clínicos de enfermagem em pediatria : perceção dos estudantes e dos acompanhantes

Enquadramento: Na formação em Enfermagem são contemplados ensinos clínicos que implicam considerável esforço dos estudantes, de quem os orienta e dos clientes. Na Pediatria, em que cuidar pressupõe valorizar a participação efetiva da família, é numa tríade que se estabelecem as relações interpessoais. O estudante é um interveniente ativo nesse processo relacional. Objetivos: Analisar a perceção dos estudantes de enfermagem e dos acompanhantes das crianças sobre a relação de ajuda (RA) desenvolvida durante o ensino clínico em pediatria; identificar fatores influenciadores das relações interpessoais estabelecidas entre estudantes enfermagem e acompanhantes das crianças; analisar a relação entre a perspetiva dos estudantes e acompanhantes das crianças sobre a RA desenvolvida durante o ensino clínico; identificar sentimentos experienciados pelos estudantes e acompanhantes no processo relacional de prestação de cuidados. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, correlacional, realizado numa amostra não probabilística, intencional por conveniência, com 139 estudantes enfermagem e 73 mães de crianças internadas. Utilizou-se um questionário, que integra a caraterização sociodemográfica, formativa e clínica e o Inventário de Relações Interpessoais Barrett-Lennard (BLRI), que avalia a RA em quatro dimensões. Resultados: As dimensões de RA, Nível do Respeito, Compreensão Empática e Incondicionalidade do Respeito são pontuadas positivamente pelos estudantes e mães. O desempenho de Congruência é avaliado negativamente pelas mães enquanto os estudantes se avaliam positivamente. Prevalecem os sentimentos negativos referenciados pelos estudantes e os sentimentos positivos pelas mães. Conclusões: A perceção da RA é influenciada por variáveis como idade, residência, estado civil, local ensino clínico, escola e ano de curso dos estudantes e as variáveis residência, nível escolaridade, estado civil e situação laboral das mães. Todas as dimensões estabelecem relação de dependência com o grupo de estudantes e mães. A perceção dos estudantes sobre a RA é positiva, a perceção das mães quanto ao desempenho dos estudantes também é positiva, com exceção na Congruência. Palavras-Chave Cuidados de Enfermagem; Relação de Ajuda; Estudantes de Enfermagem; Acompanhantes de crianças hospitalizadas.Abstract Context: In nursing training are contemplated clinical training involving considerable effort from students, who guides them and their clients. In Pediatrics, where taking care requires enhance the effective participation of the family, is a triad in which there are established interpersonal relationships. The student is an active player in this relational process. Objectives: Analyze the perception of nursing students and accompanying children on the Help Relationship (HR) developed during the clinical training in pediatrics; identify factors that influence interpersonal relations between nursing students and the accompanying children hospitalized; analyze the relationship between the perspective of students and accompanying children on the HR developed during the clinical training; identify feelings experienced by students and accompanying in the relational process of care taking. Methodology: Quantitative study, descriptive, correlational, held in a non-probabilistic intentional for convenience sample of 139 nursing students and 73 mothers of hospitalized children. It was used a questionnaire, which includes socio-demographic, training and clinical characterization and the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory (BLRI), which evaluates the HR in four dimensions. Results: The dimensions of HR, Level of Regard, Empathic Understanding and Unconditionally Respect are scored positively by students and mothers. The Congruence of performance is evaluated negatively by mothers while students are evaluated positively. Prevailing negative feelings referenced by students and the positive feelings by mothers. Conclusions: The perception of HR is influenced by variables such as age, residence, marital status, place clinical training, school and year of course students and the variables residence, level of education, marital status and employment status of mothers. All dimensions establish a dependent relationship with the group of students and mothers. The perception of students on the HR is positive, the perception of mothers regarding student performance is also positive, except in Congruence. Keywords Nursing care; Help relationship; Nursing students; Accompanying of children hospitalized

An Insight into Symmetrical Cyanine Dyes as Promising Selective Antiproliferative Agents in Caco-2 Colorectal Cancer Cells

Cancer remains one of the diseases with the highest worldwide incidence. Several cytotoxic approaches have been used over the years to overcome this public health threat, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Cyanine dyes are a class of compounds that have been extensively studied as PDT sensitisers; nevertheless, their antiproliferative potential in the absence of a light source has been scarcely explored. Herein, the synthesis of eighteen symmetric mono-, tri-, and heptamethine cyanine dyes and their evaluation as potential anticancer agents is described. The influences of the heterocyclic nature, counterion, and methine chain length on the antiproliferative effects and selectivities were analysed, and relevant structure–activity relationship data were gathered. The impact of light on the cytotoxic activity of the most promising dye was also assessed and discussed. Most of the monomethine and trimethine cyanine dyes under study demonstrated a high antiproliferative effect on human tumour cell lines of colorectal (Caco-2), breast (MCF-7), and prostate (PC-3) cancer at the initial screening (10 µM). However, concentration–viability curves showed higher potency and selectivity for the Caco-2 cell line. A monomethine cyanine dye derived from benzoxazole was the most promising compound (IC50 for Caco-2 = 0.67 µM and a selectivity index of 20.9 for Caco-2 versus normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF)) and led to Caco-2 cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Complementary in silico studies predicted good intestinal absorption and oral bioavailability for this cyanine dye