Secure Routing Environment with Enhancing QoS in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

A mobile adhoc network is infrastructure-free and self configured network connected without wire. As it is infrastructure-free and no centralized control, such type of network are suitable only for conditional inter communication link. So initially maintaining Quality of Service and security aware routing is a difficult task. The main purpose of QoS aware routing is to find an optimal secure route from source to destination which will satisfy two or more QoS constrain. In this paper, we propose a net based multicasting routing scheme to discovery all possible secure path using Secure closest spot trust certification protocol (SCSTC) and the optimal link path is derived from Dolphin Echolocation algorithm (DEA). The numerical result and performance analysis clearly describe that our provided proposal routing protocol generates better packet delivery ratio, decreases packet delay reduces overhead in secured environment

A survey of hysterectomies in young patients in Eastern Uttar Pradesh: are the wombs being removed unnecessarily?

Background: There are reports of unnecessary hysterectomies in young patients in some parts of Eastern Uttar Pradesh and adjoining regions. This study was conducted to know the indications of hysterectomies done at less than 35 years of age. Methods: This study was conducted in the outpatient Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Sir Sundar Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi over a period of one year. Hysterectomised patients with age less than 35 years were included in the study. After getting an informed consent, a detailed history was taken, patient’s past medical record was reviewed and their socio-demographic profiles, indication for hysterectomy and any surgical complications were recorded. Statistical analysis of data was done using SPSS and results were recorded as mean and percentage.  Results: One hundred patients were included in the study over a period of one year. Mean age of the study population was 28 years.  The 32% patient were below 25 years of age, 44% were between 25 to 30 years of age whereas 24% were in the age group of 30 to 35 years. Unevaluated Vaginal discharge (28%) and pain in pelvic region (25%) were the main indication for hysterectomy. Menstrual abnormalities (13%), asymptomatic uterine fibroid (12%), small functional ovarian cyst (10%) and abnormal colposcopic images (12%) were other indications.Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of unnecessary hysterectomies in eastern part of Uttar Pradesh, India. Such practice must be discouraged and stopped. Public awareness, adherence to medical ethics and strict action against those involved in medical malpractice would be helpful in decreasing the number of unnecessary hysterectomies in the young women

A prospective observational study on maternal near miss cases in a rural teaching hospital

Background: Women who have survived complications during pregnancy and child birth have been studied and termed Maternal near miss (MNM). All near misses should be interpreted as free lesson and opportunities to improve the quality of service provision. The aim of the study was to know the incidence, risk factors and underline causes of MNM in our setup as there is limited data from Himachal Pradesh.Methods: The present study was a prospective observational study that was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College Kangra at Tanda (HP), from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. The patients in this study were, pregnant women who nearly died but survived a complication that occurred during pregnancy, child birth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy as per WHO MNM criteria 2009.Results: A total of 9690 live births, 5 maternal deaths and 116 MNM cases were reported during the study period.  Incidence of MNM observed was 12%. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 39.6% cases were most common cause for MNM followed by obstetric hemorrhage 31.03% cases. Majority of neonates i.e.; 58% were admitted to NICU and only 52.7% survived the postnatal complications.Conclusions: Critical analysis of MNM cases will help us in identifying the deficiencies in obstetric care. Maternal mortality and morbidity can be reduced if timely and effective care can be given to women experiencing acute pregnancy related complications. There is need for validation of ‘MNM’ criteria at peripheral levels which will enable them in early identification and timely referral of such cases to tertiary centers

Common variants in CLDN2 and MORC4 genes confer disease susceptibility in patients with chronic pancreatitis

A recent Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) identified association with variants in X-linked CLDN2 and MORC4 and PRSS1-PRSS2 loci with Chronic Pancreatitis (CP) in North American patients of European ancestry. We selected 9 variants from the reported GWAS and replicated the association with CP in Indian patients by genotyping 1807 unrelated Indians of Indo-European ethnicity, including 519 patients with CP and 1288 controls. The etiology of CP was idiopathic in 83.62% and alcoholic in 16.38% of 519 patients. Our study confirmed a significant association of 2 variants in CLDN2 gene (rs4409525—OR 1.71, P = 1.38 x 10-09; rs12008279—OR 1.56, P = 1.53 x 10-04) and 2 variants in MORC4 gene (rs12688220—OR 1.72, P = 9.20 x 10-09; rs6622126—OR 1.75, P = 4.04x10-05) in Indian patients with CP. We also found significant association at PRSS1-PRSS2 locus (OR 0.60; P = 9.92 x 10-06) and SAMD12-TNFRSF11B (OR 0.49, 95% CI [0.31–0.78], P = 0.0027). A variant in the gene MORC4 (rs12688220) showed significant interaction with alcohol (OR for homozygous and heterozygous risk allele -14.62 and 1.51 respectively, P = 0.0068) suggesting gene-environment interaction. A combined analysis of the genes CLDN2 and MORC4 based on an effective risk allele score revealed a higher percentage of individuals homozygous for the risk allele in CP cases with 5.09 fold enhanced risk in individuals with 7 or more effective risk alleles compared with individuals with 3 or less risk alleles (P = 1.88 x 10-14). Genetic variants in CLDN2 and MORC4 genes were associated with CP in Indian patients

The Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia : design, results and future prospects

The impact of many unfavorable childhood traits or diseases, such as low birth weight and mental disorders, is not limited to childhood and adolescence, as they are also associated with poor outcomes in adulthood, such as cardiovascular disease. Insight into the genetic etiology of childhood and adolescent traits and disorders may therefore provide new perspectives, not only on how to improve wellbeing during childhood, but also how to prevent later adverse outcomes. To achieve the sample sizes required for genetic research, the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia were established. The majority of the participating cohorts are longitudinal population-based samples, but other cohorts with data on early childhood phenotypes are also involved. Cohorts often have a broad focus and collect(ed) data on various somatic and psychiatric traits as well as environmental factors. Genetic variants have been successfully identified for multiple traits, for example, birth weight, atopic dermatitis, childhood BMI, allergic sensitization, and pubertal growth. Furthermore, the results have shown that genetic factors also partly underlie the association with adult traits. As sample sizes are still increasing, it is expected that future analyses will identify additional variants. This, in combination with the development of innovative statistical methods, will provide detailed insight on the mechanisms underlying the transition from childhood to adult disorders. Both consortia welcome new collaborations. Policies and contact details are available from the corresponding authors of this manuscript and/or the consortium websites.Peer reviewe

Hair Cortisol in Twins : Heritability and Genetic Overlap with Psychological Variables and Stress-System Genes

A. Palotie on työryhmän jäsen.Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is a promising measure of long-term hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Previous research has suggested an association between HCC and psychological variables, and initial studies of inter-individual variance in HCC have implicated genetic factors. However, whether HCC and psychological variables share genetic risk factors remains unclear. The aims of the present twin study were to: (i) assess the heritability of HCC; (ii) estimate the phenotypic and genetic correlation between HPA axis activity and the psychological variables perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism; using formal genetic twin models and molecular genetic methods, i.e. polygenic risk scores (PRS). HCC was measured in 671 adolescents and young adults. These included 115 monozygotic and 183 dizygotic twin-pairs. For 432 subjects PRS scores for plasma cortisol, major depression, and neuroticism were calculated using data from large genome wide association studies. The twin model revealed a heritability for HCC of 72%. No significant phenotypic or genetic correlation was found between HCC and the three psychological variables of interest. PRS did not explain variance in HCC. The present data suggest that HCC is highly heritable. However, the data do not support a strong biological link between HCC and any of the investigated psychological variables.Peer reviewe

Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation analysis provide insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A small proportion of HF cases are attributable to monogenic cardiomyopathies and existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have yielded only limited insights, leaving the observed heritability of HF largely unexplained. We report results from a GWAS meta-analysis of HF comprising 47,309 cases and 930,014 controls. Twelve independent variants at 11 genomic loci are associated with HF, all of which demonstrate one or more associations with coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation, or reduced left ventricular function, suggesting shared genetic aetiology. Functional analysis of non-CAD-associated loci implicate genes involved in cardiac development (MYOZ1, SYNPO2L), protein homoeostasis (BAG3), and cellular senescence (CDKN1A). Mendelian randomisation analysis supports causal roles for several HF risk factors, and demonstrates CAD-independent effects for atrial fibrillation, body mass index, and hypertension. These findings extend our knowledge of the pathways underlying HF and may inform new therapeutic strategies