Situació epidemiològica i tendència de l’endèmia tuberculosa a Catalunya - 2021

Tuberculosi; Estadístiques; CatalunyaTuberculosis; Statistics; CataloniaTuberculosis; Estadísticas; CataluñaEs descriu la situació epidemiològica de la tuberculosi a Catalunya i a les seves regions sanitàries. S’analitzen les característiques sociodemogràfiques, clíniques, bacteriològiques i els factors de risc dels casos enregistrats. Posteriorment, es fa referència a l'evolució de la malaltia durant els últims anys, a continuació es presenten els resultats de l'anàlisi de la conclusió del tractament, en finalitzar el seguiment.It is described the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in Catalonia and its health regions. The sociodemographic, clinical, bacteriological and risk factors of recorded cases are analyzed. Subsequently, reference is made to the evolution of the disease during the last years, and then the results of the analysis of the conclusion of the treatment are presented, when finalizing the follow-up.Se describe la situación epidemiológica de la tuberculosis en Cataluña y en sus regiones sanitarias. Se analizan las características sociodemográficas, clínicas, bacteriológicas y los factores de riesgo de los casos registrados. Posteriormente, se hace referencia a la evolución de la enfermedad durante los últimos años, a continuación se presentan los resultados del análisis de la conclusión del tratamiento, al finalizar el seguimiento

Inland and coastal bathing water quality in the last decade (2011–2020): Croatia vs. region vs. EU

Europe is one of the leading tourist destinations where tourism is one of the key economic sectors. The quality of bathing waters is a very important factor when choosing a vacation destination. Croatia recognized this early and was one of the first Mediterranean countries to start systematic monitoring of bathing waters. On the other hand, monitoring of inland bathing waters is relatively new and includes a much smaller number of sites (41) compared to coastal waters (894). The aim of this paper was to summarize and analyze the water quality of inland and coastal bathing sites of Croatia, closer regions (non-EU Member States) and in the EU for the last decade. The share of excellent water quality in EU Member States increased by 10.1% and 6.6% for inland and coastal waters, respectively (2011–2020). Germany recorded the highest proportion of excellent water quality for inland waters (92.2%) and Cyprus for coastal waters (99.3%). Looking at the 10-year average of the proportion of bathing waters with excellent quality, the proportion of coastal bathing sites exceeds that of inland waters by 7.1%. It is clear that additional efforts should be made to improve the management and monitoring of inland waters

Occurrence of P. aeruginosa in Water Intended for Human Consumption and in Swimming Pool Water

Considering the fact that water is a basic need of every living being, it is important to ensure its safety. In this work, the data on the presence of the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa in drinking water (n = 4171) as well as in pool water (n = 5059) in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in Croatia in the five-year period (2016–2020) were analysed. In addition, the national criteria were compared with those of neighboring countries and worldwide. The proportion of P. aerugino-sa- positive samples was similar for drinking water (3.9%) and pool water (4.6%). The prevalence of this bacterium was most pronounced in the warmer season. P. aeruginosa-positive drinking water samples were mostly collected during building commissioning, while pool samples were from entertainment and spa/hydromassage pools. Outdoor pools showed a higher percentage of positive samples than indoor pools, as well as the pools filled with freshwater rather than sea-water. The highest P. aeruginosa load was found in rehabilitation pools. Cro

Límits i intimitat: reflexions sobre una experiència de treball en grup i de grup per al manteniment de la ment de l’analista

Els autors presenten la seva experiència grupal en un taller realitzat amb el mètode del psicodrama analític. Ells mateixo ssón els participants i protagonistes d’unes trobades periòdiques que els ofereixen la possibilitat de crear un espai i un temps on compartir emocions, experimentar el naixement d’un self grupal i on s’activen processos transformatius. Jugar amb els personatges que es representen esdevé una experiència terapèutica. Ens expliquen la tècnica del seu treball i ens en mostren unes vinyetes clíniques. D’acord amb els autors, aquesta experiència permet exercir el “manteniment de l afunció analítica de la ment de l’analista”, l’instrument principal de la nostra feina. A més, ha representat un factord’apropament íntim personal i professional molt poderós entre els participants

Do Parents Recognize Autistic Deviant Behavior Long before Diagnosis? Taking into Account Interaction Using Computational Methods

BACKGROUND: To assess whether taking into account interaction synchrony would help to better differentiate autism (AD) from intellectual disability (ID) and typical development (TD) in family home movies of infants aged less than 18 months, we used computational methods. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: First, we analyzed interactive sequences extracted from home movies of children with AD (N = 15), ID (N = 12), or TD (N = 15) through the Infant and Caregiver Behavior Scale (ICBS). Second, discrete behaviors between baby (BB) and Care Giver (CG) co-occurring in less than 3 seconds were selected as single interactive patterns (or dyadic events) for analysis of the two directions of interaction (CG→BB and BB→CG) by group and semester. To do so, we used a Markov assumption, a Generalized Linear Mixed Model, and non negative matrix factorization. Compared to TD children, BBs with AD exhibit a growing deviant development of interactive patterns whereas those with ID rather show an initial delay of development. Parents of AD and ID do not differ very much from parents of TD when responding to their child. However, when initiating interaction, parents use more touching and regulation up behaviors as early as the first semester. CONCLUSION: When studying interactive patterns, deviant autistic behaviors appear before 18 months. Parents seem to feel the lack of interactive initiative and responsiveness of their babies and try to increasingly supply soliciting behaviors. Thus we stress that credence should be given to parents' intuition as they recognize, long before diagnosis, the pathological process through the interactive pattern with their child

Echo-character mapping of the Galician Continental Margin and the adjacent abyssal plains

La cartografía y análisis de las facies acústicas que se determinan a partir de la interpretación y correlación de los perfiles sísmicos de muy alta resolución, es una herramienta muy útil para la caracterización de los procesos sedimentarios recientes y su distribución en ambientes marinos profundos. Este trabajo presenta el primer mapa de ecocarácter del Margen Continental de Galicia y las llanuras abisales adyacentes. El mapa se realizó sobre la base del análisis e interpretación de los datos de batimetría y reflectividad de las ecosondas multihaz SIMRAD EM12, EM120 y EM1002, y los perfiles sísmicos de muy alta resolución de la ecosonda paramétrica SIMRAD TOPAS PS18. Sobre la base de la morfología del fondo marino, la reflectividad y los caracteres del eco acústico, se identificaron 26 tipos de ecos en la secuencia sedimentaria más superficial. Estos tipos de eco se han clasificado en cuatro grupos principales: bien definidos, irregulares, hiperbólicos y ondulados. Esta información ha sido adquirida en el marco del ‘Programa de Investigación Científica de la Zona Económica Exclusiva Española’, coordinado por el Ministerio de Defensa, durante las campañas oceanográficas que se han realizado a bordo del BIO Hespérides del 2001 a 2003 y del 2006 a 2009.The acoustic facies mapping and analyses from the interpretation and correlation of very high resolution seis- mic profiles, is a very useful tool for the characterization of the recent sedimentary processes and their distribution in the deep-sea environments. This work presents the first echo-character map of the Galicia Continental Margin and the adjacent abyssal plains. The map was carried out on the basis of the analysis and interpretation of the bathymetry and reflectivity data from the SIMRAD EM12, EM120 and EM1002 multibeam echosounders, and the high resolution seismic profiles from the SIMRAD TOPAS PS18 parametric echosounder. Based on the seafloor morphology, backscatter and acoustic echo-characters, 26 echo types were identified in the uppermost sedimentary sequence. These echo-types have been classified into four main groups: Distinct, Irregular, Hyperbolic and Undulated echoes. This information has been acquired in the framework of the ‘Scientific Research Program of the Economic Exclusive Zone of Spain’, which is coordinated by the Defense Ministry, during the oceanographic cruises carried out on board of the R/V Hesperides in 2001 to 2003 and 2006 to 2009.Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)Instituto Geológico y Minero de Españapu

Geomorphological and sedimentary processes of the glacially influenced northwestern Iberian continental margin and abyssal plains

The offshore region of northwestern Iberia offers an opportunity to study the impacts of along-slope processes on the morphology of a glacially influenced continental margin, which has traditionally been conceptually characterised by predominant down-slope sedimentary processes. High-resolution multibeam bathymetry, acoustic backscatter and ultrahigh-resolution seismic reflection profile data are integrated and analysed to describe the present-day and recent geomorphological features and to interpret their associated sedimentary processes. Seventeen large-scale seafloor morphologies and sixteen individual echo types, interpreted as structural features (escarpments, marginal platforms and related fluid escape structures) and depositional and erosional bedforms developed either by the influence of bottom currents (moats, abraded surfaces, sediment waves, contourite drifts and ridges) or by gravitational features (gullies, canyons, slides, channel-levee complexes and submarine fans), are identified for the first time in the study area (spanning ~90,000 km2 and water depths of 300m to 5 km). Different types of slope failures and turbidity currents are mainly observed on the upper and lower slopes and along submarine canyons and deep-sea channels. The middle slope morphologies are mostly determined by the actions of bottom currents (North Atlantic Central Water, Mediterranean Outflow Water, Labrador Sea Water and North Atlantic Deep Water), which thereby define the margin morphologies and favour the reworking and deposition of sediments. The abyssal plains (Biscay and Iberian) are characterised by pelagic deposits and channel-lobe systems (the Cantabrian and Charcot), although several contourite features are also observed at the foot of the slope due to the influence of the deepest water masses (i.e., the North Atlantic Deep Water and Lower Deep Water). Thiswork shows that the study area is the result of Mesozoic to present-day tectonics (e.g. themarginal platforms and structural highs). Therefore, tectonism constitutes a long-term controlling factor, whereas the climate, sediment supply and bottom currents play key roles in the recent short-term architecture and dynamics. Moreover, the recent predominant along-slope sedimentary processes observed in the studied northwestern Iberian Margin represent snapshots of the progressive stages and mixed deep-water system developments of the marginal platforms on passive margins and may provide information for a predictive model of the evolution of other similar margins.Departamento de Investigación y Prospectiva Geocientífica, Unidad de Tres Cantos, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, EspañaDepartamento de Geología y Geoquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, EspañaDepartment of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Reino Unid

Interoception and Autonomic Correlates during Social Interactions. Implications for Anorexia

The aim of this study is to investigate the bodily-self in Restrictive Anorexia, focusing on two basic aspects related to the bodily self: autonomic strategies in social behavior, in which others’ social desirability features, and social cues (e.g., gaze) are modulated, and interoception (i.e., the sensitivity to stimuli originating inside the body). Furthermore, since previous studies carried out on healthy individuals found that interoception seems to contribute to the autonomic regulation of social behavior, as measured by Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA), we aimed to explore this link in anorexia patients, whose ability to perceive their bodily signal seems to be impaired. To this purpose, we compared a group of anorexia patients (ANg; restrictive type) with a group of Healthy Controls (HCg) for RSA responses during both a resting state and a social proxemics task, for their explicit judgments of comfort in social distances during a behavioral proxemics task, and for their Interoceptive Accuracy (IA). The results showed that ANg displayed significantly lower social disposition and a flattened autonomic reactivity during the proxemics task, irrespective of the presence of others’ socially desirable features or social cues. Moreover, unlike HCg, the autonomic arousal of ANg did not guide behavioral judgments of social distances. Finally, IA was strictly related to social disposition in both groups, but with opposite trends in ANg. We conclude that autonomic imbalance and its altered relationship with interoception might have a crucial role in anorexia disturbances