80 research outputs found

    Community-Level Responses to Iron Availability in Open Ocean Plankton Ecosystems

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    Predicting responses of plankton to variations in essential nutrients is hampered by limited in situ measurements, a poor understanding of community composition, and the lack of reference gene catalogs for key taxa. Iron is a key driver of plankton dynamics and, therefore, of global biogeochemical cycles and climate. To assess the impact of iron availability on plankton communities, we explored the comprehensive bio-oceanographic and bio-omics data sets from Tara Oceans in the context of the iron products from two state-of-the-art global scale biogeochemical models. We obtained novel information about adaptation and acclimation toward iron in a range of phytoplankton, including picocyanobacteria and diatoms, and identified whole subcommunities covarying with iron. Many of the observed global patterns were recapitulated in the Marquesas archipelago, where frequent plankton blooms are believed to be caused by natural iron fertilization, although they are not captured in large-scale biogeochemical models. This work provides a proof of concept that integrative analyses, spanning from genes to ecosystems and viruses to zooplankton, can disentangle the complexity of plankton communities and can lead to more accurate formulations of resource bioavailability in biogeochemical models, thus improving our understanding of plankton resilience in a changing environment

    COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

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    Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≀ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≄ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

    Thérapies assistées par les dauphins pour des enfants souffrant d'un handicap (comparaison de trois méthodes)

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    LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocTOULOUSE-EN Vétérinaire (315552301) / SudocNANTES-Ecole Nat.Vétérinaire (441092302) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Catalyseurs d'hydrogénation recyclables (complexes de diamines à motifs phosphonates)

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    L'objectif de ce travail est de montrer que l'introduction de fonctions acides phosphoniques (PO3H2) sur un catalyseur organométallique permet son hétérogénéisation suivant deux approches : la catalyse supportée et la catalyse dans l'eau. Le but recherché est de faciliter la séparation du catalyseur des produits de la réaction et donc son recyclage. Les fonctions acides phosphoniques, pouvant réagir avec de nombreux précurseurs métalliques, permettent l'immobilisation covalente de complexes catalytiques performants en milieu homogÚne, sous forme de solides hybrides organiques-inorganiques insolubles ; le recyclage du catalyseur se fait par filtration. Un complexe de rhodium ou d'iridium d'une 2,2'-bipyridine fonctionnalisée par deux groupements PO3H2 a été immobilisé sur des particules de dioxyde de titane générées in situ.The goal of this research is to demonstrate that the introduction of phosphonic acid moieties (PO3H2) on an organometallic catalyst permits its heterogenization according to two approaches : supported catalysis and catalysis in water. The aim is to facilitate the separation of the catalyst from the products of the reaction, thus allowing the recycling of the catalytic phase.NANTES-BU Sciences (441092104) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Hybrid materials for catalysis? Design of new phosphonate-based supported catalysts for the hydrogenation of ketones under hydrogen pressure

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    International audienceSupported rhodium. and iridium. 2,2 ' -bipyridine complexes were prepared for the hydrogenation of aromatic ketones under hydrogen pressure. The key feature of the immobilization process is the functionalization of the 2,2 ' -bipyridine unit with two phosphonic acid moieties, thus allowing the covalent grafting of the catalytic complex onto in situ generated titanium oxide particles. A very good catalytic activity is observed with the resulting materials that compares well with the homogeneous parent system and gives evidence that the major part of the catalytic sites are readily accessible. Moreover, the catalyst can be reused, and no significant rhodium. leaching is observed

    AmĂ©lioration de l'Ă©chelle d'intensitĂ© des incendies de forĂȘt mise en oeuvre en rĂ©gion mĂ©diterranĂ©enne française

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    [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SEDYVINIn the Mediterranean region of southern France, many large fires are linked to the land use changes that have taken place in recent decades. The area under flammable vegetation is increasing due to abandonment of agricultural land and subsequent colonisation by vegetation, existing forests and woodlands are not sufficiently used, both of which result in increased accumulation of fuels. In addition, urbanization combined with forest extension results in new spatial configurations called wildland-urban interfaces (WUI). Significant wildfires, that have major ecological, social and economic consequences, are observed in those interfaces. Our objective is to better understand the impacts on dwellings and their surrounding environment during a fire. Currently, data about damages due to fire on dwellings and their surrounding vegetation are not collected. Our project consists in: (1) firstly elaborating a protocol so as to organize data gathering, after a fire, and allow to assess the fire intensity by estimating physical impacts on the field; (2) secondly, developing a spatially explicit database of the damages due to fire. Here, we take both physical impacts and social response to fire into account. With those tools we aim to improve knowledge about fire prone dwelling environment and their damages, so as to improve feedbacks and the intensity scale for wildfire.En rĂ©gion mĂ©diterranĂ©enne, la plupart des incendies sont liĂ©s aux changements d'occupation du sol, entrepris ces derniĂšres annĂ©es. Le dĂ©clin des activitĂ©s agricoles et pastorales a favorisĂ© l'extension des friches, et l'arrĂȘt des activitĂ©s telles que le prĂ©lĂšvement du bois et l'entretien de la forĂȘt, a conduit Ă  l'accumulation de biomasse combustible. De plus, l'urbanisation croissante couplĂ©e Ă  l'extension de la forĂȘt gĂ©nĂšre de nouvelles configurations spatiales appelĂ©es interfaces Habitat-ForĂȘt (IHF). De violents incendies de forĂȘts, qui ont des consĂ©quences dramatiques d'un point de vue Ă©cologique et socio-Ă©conomique sont observĂ©s dans ces interfaces. Ce projet a pour objectif de mieux connaĂźtre l'importance des dommages causĂ©s sur les bĂątis et leur environnement proche lors d'un incendie. En effet, actuellement, il n'existe aucune structure en charge de recueillir ces donnĂ©es relatives Ă  l'endommagement des bĂątis et de leur vĂ©gĂ©tation environnante, aprĂšs incendie. L'Ă©tude a donc consistĂ© : (1) dans un premier temps, Ă  Ă©laborer un protocole, qui organise le recueil de donnĂ©es sur le terrain dont l'analyse servira Ă  mesurer l'intensitĂ© d'un feu Ă  travers l'Ă©valuation des dommages ; (2) dans un second temps, Ă  concevoir une base de donnĂ©es gĂ©orĂ©fĂ©rencĂ©e des dommages mesurĂ©s aprĂšs incendie s'intĂ©ressant Ă  la fois aux impacts physiques et Ă  la rĂ©ponse sociale face au risque. Ces outils contribueront Ă  une meilleure connaissance des environnements de bĂątis propices Ă  l'incendie et leur endommagement, Ă  amĂ©liorer les retours d'expĂ©rience en les systĂ©matisant Ă  partir de donnĂ©es exhaustives et Ă  terme Ă  amĂ©liorer l'Ă©chelle d'intensitĂ© pour les incendies de forĂȘt

    Pinastéréo - Estimation de la hauteur dominante et de la biomasse forestiÚre dans le massif des Landes de Gascogne à partir d'images stéréoscopiques Pléiades

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    La futaie de pin maritime du Massif des Landes de Gascogne fait l’objet d’une sylviculture dynamique ; les dommages occasionnĂ©s par les tempĂȘtes Martin (1999) et Klaus (2009) puis par des ravageurs (scolytes) ont entrainĂ© une forte diminution de la ressource en bois. Cela a accentuĂ© la demande de la filiĂšre forĂȘt-bois aquitaine pour un suivi permanent, prĂ©cis et spatialisĂ© de celle-ci. L’étude PinastĂ©rĂ©o ouvre des perspectives nouvelles en la matiĂšre grĂące au modĂšle numĂ©rique de surface (MNS) obtenu par corrĂ©lation d’images stĂ©rĂ©oscopiques PlĂ©iades. Sa combinaison avec le modĂšle numĂ©rique de terrain BD AltiÂź fournit le modĂšle de hauteur de canopĂ©e (MNHC). La prĂ©cision des MNS et MNHC a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e avec des mesures de rĂ©fĂ©rence (LiDAR aĂ©rien, placettes de levers dendromĂ©triques) ; elle s'est avĂ©rĂ©e satisfaisante. Il est montrĂ© que la hauteur dominante des peuplements de pin maritime, leur volume aĂ©rien total et leur biomasse peuvent ĂȘtre modĂ©lisĂ©s Ă  partir du MNHC. Une carte de la hauteur dominante a alors Ă©tĂ© produite sur un site de rĂ©fĂ©rence ; celle de la biomasse reste Ă  faire. Les faibles incertitudes observĂ©es sur les estimations de hauteur et de volume sont trĂšs prometteurs pour une gĂ©nĂ©ralisation de la mĂ©thode au Massif landais ou mĂȘme Ă  d'autres futaies rĂ©guliĂšres rĂ©sineuses
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