La presencia del adolescente en el prime time televisivo : objeto de interés en informativos, ficción y publicidad

La etapa adolescente es una de las más complejas y fundamentalesen la que los chicos y las chicas conforman su identidad y están expuestosa múltiples influencias. En este contexto, los medios de comunicación juegan un papel destacado y concretamente, centrándonos en el trabajo que aquí presentamos, la televisión se convierte en vehículo transmisor de estereotipos. Es importante estudiar el mensaje, pero también cuál es la recepción que de dicho mensaje hace el colectivo adolescente.Para ello hay que recurrir a herramientas metodológicas tanto cuantitativas como cualitativas. El primer estadio de esta metodología es el que aquí presentamos: una aproximación al análisis de la presencia adolescente en el prime time de seis cadenas televisivas española

RARRES3 suppresses breast cancer lung metastasis by regulating adhesion and differentiation

In estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer patients, metastatic relapse usually occurs in the lung and is responsible for the fatal outcome of the disease. Thus, a better understanding of the biology of metastasis is needed. In particular, biomarkers to identify patients that are at risk of lung metastasis could open the avenue for new therapeutic opportunities. Here we characterize the biological activity of RARRES3, a new metastasis suppressor gene whose reduced expression in the primary breast tumors identifies a subgroup of patients more likely to develop lung metastasis. We show that RARRES3 downregulation engages metastasis-initiating capabilities by facilitating adhesion of the tumor cells to the lung parenchyma. In addition, impaired tumor cell differentiation due to the loss of RARRES3 phospholipase A1/A2 activity also contributes to lung metastasis. Our results establish RARRES3 downregulation as a potential biomarker to identify patients at high risk of lung metastasis who might benefit from a differentiation treatment in the adjuvant programme.We would like to thank the Functional Genomics, Microscopy, and Cytometry core facilities of IRB Barcelona, and the UB. We thank C. Caelles for the 3AOX-luc construct. We thank Angel Nebreda for his scientific suggestions. EJA is supported by "La Caixa" PhD fellowship programme, and JU is a Juan de la Cierva Researcher (MICINN). JM is a Howard Hughes investigator. The work of A. C. and S.F-R is supported by the Ramon y Cajal award to AC (Spanish Ministry of Education) and the ERC (336343). JM was supported by HHMI. RRG and XS are ICREA Research Professors (Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats). Support and structural funds were provided by the Associacion Espanola Contra el Cancer (AECC), Fundacion BBVA, Generalitat de Catalunya (2009 SGR 1429), and Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) (SAF2010-21171) to RRG

Incidence and characteristics of adverse drug reactions in a cohort of patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in real-world practice

Adverse reaction; Immunotherapy; PharmacovigilanceReacción adversa; Inmunoterapia; FarmacovigilanciaReacció adversa; Immunoteràpia; FarmacovigilànciaBackground: Data related to adverse drug reactions (ADRs), specifically immune-related adverse events (irAEs), in long-term treatment with immunotherapy in real-world practice is scarce, as is general information regarding the management of ADRs. Objectives: To characterize and describe the incidence of ADRs in patients who began immunotherapy treatment in clinical practice. Methods: In a prospective observational study cancer patients ≥18 years of age who were treated with a monotherapy regime of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were evaluated. The study period was from November 2017 to June 2019 and patients were followed up until June 2021. Patients were contacted monthly by telephone and their electronic health records were reviewed. Each ADR was graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE 5.0). Results: Out of 99 patients, 86 met the inclusion criteria. Most were male (67.4%), with a median age of 66 (interquartile range, IQR: 59–76). The most frequent cancer was non-small cellular lung cancer (46 cases, 53.5%), followed by melanoma (22, 25.6%). A total of 74 patients (86%) were treated with anti-PD-1 drugs and 12 (14%) were treated with anti-PD-L1 drugs. The median treatment durations were 4.9 (IQR: 1.9–17.0) and 5.9 months (IQR: 1.2–12.3), respectively. Sixty-three patients (73%) developed from a total of 156 (44% of the total number of ADR) irADRs, wherein the most frequent were skin disorders (50 cases, 32%, incidence = 30.5 irADRs/100 patients per year [p-y]), gastrointestinal disorders (29, 19%, 17.7 irADRs/100 p-y), musculoskeletal disorders (17, 11%, 10.4 irADRs/100 p-y), and endocrine disorders (14, 9%, 8.6 irADRs/100 p-y). A total of 22 irADRs (14%) had a latency period of ≥12 months. Twelve irADRs (7.7%) were categorized as grade 3–4, and while 2 (1.3%) were categorized as grade 5 (death). Sixty-one irADRs (39.1%) in 36 patients required pharmacological treatment and 47 irADRs (30.1%) in 22 patients required treatment with corticosteriods. Conclusion: The majority of patients treated with anti-PD1/PDL1-based immunotherapy experienced adverse reactions. Although most of these reactions were mild, 11.5% were categorized as grade 3 or above. A high percentage of the reactions were immune-related and occurred throughout the treatment, thereby indicating that early identification and close monitoring is essential

Marco teórico y diseño metodológico para un análisis complejo de la incidencia de los discursos televisivos en la construcción de la identidad adolescente

La comunicación presenta el desarrollo inicial del proyecto fundacional del Analisy Group of Media Image (AGMI) financiado por el Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales (I+D+I) (2006-2009) cuyo objetivo es analizar la incidencia de los medios de comunicación en la construcción de la identidad del colectivo adolescente. La atención científica, durante los últimos años, se ha centrado básicamente en el estudio de los estereotipos de mujer y de hombre vehiculados por los medios de comunicación, sobre todo por la publicidad o los discursos informativos. La mayoría de estos estudios, sin embargo, no se centran en el análisis de los estereotipos en una edad clave para el desarrollo de la personalidad individual y social como es la adolescencia. Es por ello que AGMI, grupo de investigadoras de diversas universidades catalanas con intereses comunes en la investigación sobre género, roles, juventud y construcción de la identidad, se plantea el estudio de los estereotipos de los y las adolescentes vehiculados por los medios de comunicación, tanto desde la perspectiva del estudio de los mensajes como de la recepción que de los mismos hace el colectivo analizado. El objetivo principal es analizar en qué grado los estereotipos de género que transmiten los medios de comunicación en el horario de máxima audiencia configuran la construcción de la identidad del adolescente. La hipótesis de partida es que la imagen que los medios televisivos ofrecen de los y las adolescentes no coincide con la propia concepción de imagen que el colectivo tiene de sí mismo, constituyendo un referente que en función de la tipología de discurso puede incidir tanto positiva como negativamente en la construcción de la identidad del individuo que se siente parte de un grupo. A partir de una amplia revisión de las investigaciones precedentes se construye el marco teórico del proyecto y se plantea un diseño metodológico complejo que combina el análisis discursivo, cuantitativo y cualitativo, aplicado a informativos, ficción y publicidad en televisión y el análisis etnográfico de la recepción. La combinación de dichas metodologías permite no sólo analizar los programas más consumidos por los y las adolescentes y descubrir los valores que conforman las imágenes de éstos tanto desde la lógica narrativa como desde la argumentativa, sino también evidenciar cómo los y las adolescentes perciben e interpretan las imágenes que de ellos y ellas transmiten los medios. Para ello se establecen parámetros comunes de la imagen que de los y las adolescentes hacen los medios televisivos, comparando paralelismos y distancias entre los discursos mediáticos y los discursos sociales de los adolescentes, a la vez que se atiende al estudio de los usos que los y las adolescentes hacen de los productos televisivos analizados y las gratificaciones que les ofrecen en el proceso de construcción de la identidad de género, y la incidencia del género y la edad como variables que determinan los consumos y las interpretaciones que se hacen de los estereotipos. La comunicación expone la revisión y construcción del marco teórico así como el diseño metodológico aplicado del proyecto

Inhibition of Specific NF-κB Activity Contributes to the Tumor Suppressor Function of 14-3-3σ in Breast Cancer

14-3-3σ is frequently lost in human breast cancers by genetic deletion or promoter methylation. We have now investigated the involvement of 14-3-3σ in the termination of NF-κB signal in mammary cells and its putative role in cancer relapse and metastasis. Our results show that 14-3-3σ regulates nuclear export of p65-NF-κB following chronic TNFα stimulation. Restoration of 14-3-3σ in breast cancer cells reduces migration capacity and metastatic abilities in vivo. By microarray analysis, we have identified a genetic signature that responds to TNFα in a 14-3-3σ-dependent manner and significantly associates with different breast and other types of cancer. By interrogating public databases, we have found that over-expression of this signature correlates with poor relapse-free survival in breast cancer patients. Finally, screening of 96 human breast tumors showed that NF-κB activation strictly correlates with the absence of 14-3-3σ and it is significantly associated with worse prognosis in the multivariate analysis. Our findings identify a genetic signature that is important for breast cancer prognosis and for future personalized treatments based on NF-κB targeting

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Projecte Guiatge: millora el teu entorn construint xarxes participatives: construir participació ciutadana i compromís social entre universitat i secundària

El projecte GUIATGE és un procés participació ciutadana que relaciona a 28 joves de 4 instituts del districte de Ciutat Vella de Barcelona i la Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Concretament, es vinculen necessitats i interessos dels joves a problemàtiques de la ciutat. En aquest context, s'ha dissenyat des de l'acompanyament i suport de docents experts i estudiants universitaris i de l'equip educatiu de l'AEIRaval. Els joves són alhora els referents en l'elaboració de les propostes de millora

Acute effects of jaw clenching using a customized mouthguard on anaerobic ability and ventilatory flows

The latest findings on the ergogenic effects of a dentistry-design, bite-aligning mouthpiece require additional research to assess its impact on anaerobic ability and ventilatory parameters. This paper was aimed at determining the ergogenic acute effects of wearing a custom-made mouthpiece on oral airflow dynamics, 30-s Wingate Anaerobic Test performance parameters. Twenty-eight healthy and physically-active male subjects (age: 24.50 ± 3.32, height: 181.34 ± 7.4, weight: 78.14 ± 8.21), were voluntarily studied. The subjects were first briefed on the test protocols, and then performed the 30s Wingate test and Spirometer test. The experimental trials were performed in a random counterbalanced order. We evaluate maximum expiratory volume (VEmax L min(-1)), mean power (W kg(-1)), peak power (W kg(-1)), time to peak (s), rate to fatigue (Ws(-1)) and lactate production (mMol L(-1)), rate of perceived exertion (RPE). There were significant differences between mouthguard and no-mouthguard conditions in mean power (W kg(-1)), peak power (W kg(-1)), time to peak (s), and rate to fatigue (Ws(-1)) for the 30-s Wingate Anaerobic Test. Significantly lower lactate production (mMol L(-1)) was observed, in mouthguard condition but no significant differences were found in RPE. In airflow dynamics, the VEmax L min(-1) was significantly higher when comparing the mouthguard and the no mouthguard conditions in both forced and unforced conditions. In conclusion, wearing a customized mouthguard improves anaerobic ability and increases forced expiratory volume. This study will help practitioners improve athlete's performance in anaerobic activities where high intensity action might provoke jaw-clenching, contributing in reductions of lactate and fatigue, and improving ventilatory parameters

Heart Rate Variability in Elite Synchronized Swimmers

Purpose: To determine whether heart-rate variability (HRV) was correlated with other training-load and training-tolerance markers for monitoring the effect of a training session on elite synchronized swimmers. Methods: The authors recorded the resting HRV of 12 elite swimmers (mean age = 21.5 [3.5] y) 3 times over 1 wk with a cadence of 48 h prior to the 2015 World Swimming Championships. They continuously monitored heart rate and obtained salivary cortisol (SC) samples before and after the last training session of the week. The authors measured capillary blood lactate (La) 2, 4, and 8 min after the last training session and monitored recovery HRV. They assessed rating of perceived exertion (RPE) over the entire session and tested the association between the highest La concentration (Lapeak), SC, and RPE and relative changes (Δ%) in the natural logarithm of the root-mean-square successive difference of intervals (LnRMSSD). The authors also calculated the smallest worthwhile change of the averaged pre and post LnRMSSD measurements. Results: There were periods of pronounced bradycardia (60.5 [16.7] beats/ min) during training exercises corresponding to apneic exercise. The magnitude-based inferences showed nonclinically meaningful changes of LnRMSSD. Lapeak (6.8 [2.7] mmol/L) correlated positively with Δ%LnRMSSD and Δ%SC (r = .89, P = .001 and r = .61, P = .04, respectively). Conclusions: There was no change in LnRMSSD and Lapeak, Δ%SC, and RPE indicated reduced sympathetic activation and positive adaptation to the stress imposed by the session. Isolated HRV assessment may reveal a controversial interpretation of autonomic nervous system status or the training tolerance in elite synchronized swimming athletes due to the influence of the diving response