Descripción biofísica de la cuenca del río Coapa, Chiapas

The Coapa River watershed is located in the coast of the state of Chiapas, it begins at the top of the Sierra Madre, and ends on a coastal lagoon, the Carretas-Pereyra System. The lagoon receives sediments product of erosive processes within the basin up-lands, these processes include agricultural activities and other land use changes. This paper presents the biophysical description of the river basin, combined with the descrption of productive activities (including agricultural processes) which impact biophysical parameters as soil, water and vegetation, as part of the necessary assessment to achieve a sustainable explotation of the natural resources. In order to generate much needed biophysical information of the area (1:25,000), since 1998, at the Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana we conducted the project Manejo Integral de Cuencas and in this paper we present the results of it.La Cuenca del Río Coapa pertenece a la costa de Chiapas, se inicia en las estribaciones de la sierra para terminar sobre una laguna costera, el sistema Carretas-Pereyra. La laguna recibe sedimentos producto de procesos erosivos generados en la parte alta de la cuenca, que a su vez, dependen de los procesos productivos que desarrollan los pobladores. En este documento se presenta la descripción biofísica de la cuenca, aunado a la descripción de los sistemas productivos (i.e. agricultural activities) los cuales inciden en las modificaciones de los parámetros biofísicos (suelo, agua y vegetación), como parte de las evaluaciones necesarias para la planificación de la explotación de esos recursos. Cabe señalar que dichas evaluaciones son producto de la Investigación en Manejo Integral de Cuencas, realizadas desde 1998, con la intención de generar una plataforma de información cartográfica de la zona a una escala 1:25,000, ya que en esta region del país no existe

Contenido de carbono orgánico y características texturales de los sedimentos del sistema costero lagunar Chantuto-Panzacola, Chiapas

Seasonal and spatial distribution of surface sediments from the Chantuto-Panzacola coastal lagoon system were analyzed, including organic carbon (O.C.) content, during the years 1997 to 2003. Surface sediments were taken from 10 sites by means of a small van Veen grab sampler (3L) and sediment composition (sand, silt and clay components) was obtained by pipette analysis. There were differences in the sediments O.C. inbetween dry and wet seasons, with higher levels corresponding to the latter and showing that O.C. contributions to the system come from autochthonous and allochthonous sources through fluvial drainage. O.C. levels throughout the lagoons were highest in stations 4 (Chantuto), 5 and 6 (Panzacola), while station 1 (the entrance, influenced by marine conditions) showed lower values. Sediment texture values were markedly heterogenous throughout years, seasons and stations. The effect of tropical storm Javier was found to be significant in incrementing the sand content in almost the entirety of the system, as well as decreasing the O.C. contents. The 2003 O.C. values were similar to those measured in 1997; on the other hand, continuous change in grain size has been the norm, affecting mainly those areas where dredging activities have taken place since 2001.En este estudio se analizó la distribución textural estacional y espacial de los sedimentos superficiales y el contenido de carbono orgánico (C.O.) en ellos en el sistema costero Chantuto-Panzacola durante el período de 1997 a 2003. Los sedimentos superficiales se colectaron en 10 estaciones de muestreo con una draga tipo van Veen (3L). Se determinó el carbono orgánico (C.O.%) y se analizó la distribución textural (arena, limo, arcilla) con el método del pipeteo. Hubo diferencias significativas de C.O. en los sedimentos entre las estaciones de secas y de lluvias. El contenido de C.O. fue mayor en los meses asociados a la época de lluvias, mostrando que el aporte de C.O. proviene de fuentes tanto autóctonas, como alóctonas (por medio de la descarga fluvial). La distribución espacial de C.O. a través de las lagunas fue mayor principalmente en la E4 (Chantuto) - E6 - E5 (Panzacola), mientras que en la E1 (en la boca con influencia marina) fue mucho menor debido al flujo de agua de mar que mantiene en suspensión la materia particulada. La distribución del tamaño de grano fue muy heterogénea entre años, épocas climáticas y estaciones en las lagunas ya que varió de limo-arenoso y arena-limo-arcilloso a arcilla-arenosa. El efecto de la tormenta tropical Javier de septiembre de 1998 fue significativo, con un incremento en la proporción de arenas y disminución del C.O. en casi todo el sistema lagunar. Para el año 2003, el porcentaje de C.O. fue similar al de 1997, sin embargo, la granulometría continúa modificándose, sobre todo en las áreas donde se han realizado dragados desde el año 2001

Aplicación de enmiendas orgánicas producidas a partir de residuos agrícolas en suelos calcáreos

Resumen de la comunicación oral presentada en RENS 2023 XXXIII Reunión Nacional de Suelos. Pamplona, del 12-15 de septiembre 2023 .- El libro de resúmenes lo puede descargar en https://www2.unavarra.es/gesadj/seccionActualidad/congresos/rens2023_libro_resumenes.pdfLa agricultura actual se enfrenta al reto de garantizar el suministro de alimentos a una población en continuo crecimiento mientras la actividad humana ya ha deteriorado sobre el 40% de los suelos cultivables del planeta, aumentando la dependencia de los fertilizantes minerales. En este contexto, la valorización de residuos agrícolas para utilizarlos como sustratos o suplementos del suelo se propone como alternativa, creando además una solución a la generación masiva de residuos orgánicos agro-ganaderos. Este trabajo muestra las propiedades físicas de interés agrnómico y la composición (macro y micronutrientes) de biochars, composts y cenizas producidas a partir de restos vegetales de las agroindustrias olivadera y des arroz, y los efectos de su aplicación a los suelos calcáreos (Xerochrept y Luvisol) bajo condiciones de clima mediterraneo. Las enmiendas mostraron atributos apropiados para mejorar las propiedades agronómicas del suelo. El biochar mostró una alta aromaticidad y abundancia de C orgánico estable. Las enmiendas ricas en ceniza mostraron altos contenidos en P y K y micronutrientes. El compost presento una elevada capacidad de retención de agua y un adecuado balance de C y N. Todas las enmiendas orgánicas redujeron la hidrofobicidad del suelo. La aplicación de biochar consiguió aunmentar la humedad del suelo en los primeros 10 cm y reducir su compactación, los que se evidencio por la reducción significativa de la resistencia del suelo a la penetrabilidad. Las plantas de las parcelas enmendadas mostraron un mejor potencial hídrico foliar. Además, los valores de la tasa de fotosíntesis neta, la eficiencia media de uso del agua intrínseca y la tasa máxima del transporte de electrones en el momento de la cosecha mejoraron significativamente en los árboles de las parcelas enmendadas con una dosis de biochar de 40 t ha-1. En relación al ciclo de C, la adición de compost incrementó de manera significativa la respiración (emisión de CO2) y la cantidad de C procedente de microorganismos. El uso de biochar por su parte, incrementó el contenido en materia orgánica estable en los primeros 5 cm de suelo y redujo la abundancia total de microorganismos 2 años después de su aplicación.Al Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y a la Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) por la financiación del proyecto AGRORES (PID2021-1263490B-C22).N

Epidemiological trends of HIV/HCV coinfection in Spain, 2015-2019

Altres ajuts: Spanish AIDS Research Network; European Funding for Regional Development (FEDER).Objectives: We assessed the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and active HCV infection (HCV-RNA-positive) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Spain in 2019 and compared the results with those of four similar studies performed during 2015-2018. Methods: The study was performed in 41 centres. Sample size was estimated for an accuracy of 1%. Patients were selected by random sampling with proportional allocation. Results: The reference population comprised 41 973 PLWH, and the sample size was 1325. HCV serostatus was known in 1316 PLWH (99.3%), of whom 376 (28.6%) were HCV antibody (Ab)-positive (78.7% were prior injection drug users); 29 were HCV-RNA-positive (2.2%). Of the 29 HCV-RNA-positive PLWH, infection was chronic in 24, it was acute/recent in one, and it was of unknown duration in four. Cirrhosis was present in 71 (5.4%) PLWH overall, three (10.3%) HCV-RNA-positive patients and 68 (23.4%) of those who cleared HCV after anti-HCV therapy (p = 0.04). The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies decreased steadily from 37.7% in 2015 to 28.6% in 2019 (p < 0.001); the prevalence of active HCV infection decreased from 22.1% in 2015 to 2.2% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Uptake of anti-HCV treatment increased from 53.9% in 2015 to 95.0% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In Spain, the prevalence of active HCV infection among PLWH at the end of 2019 was 2.2%, i.e. 90.0% lower than in 2015. Increased exposure to DAAs was probably the main reason for this sharp reduction. Despite the high coverage of treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents, HCV-related cirrhosis remains significant in this population

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

A multilayered post-GWAS assessment on genetic susceptibility to pancreatic cancer

Funder: Fundación Científica Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (ES)Funder: Cancer Focus Northern Ireland and Department for Employment and LearningFunder: Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, USAAbstract: Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a complex disease in which both non-genetic and genetic factors interplay. To date, 40 GWAS hits have been associated with PC risk in individuals of European descent, explaining 4.1% of the phenotypic variance. Methods: We complemented a new conventional PC GWAS (1D) with genome spatial autocorrelation analysis (2D) permitting to prioritize low frequency variants not detected by GWAS. These were further expanded via Hi-C map (3D) interactions to gain additional insight into the inherited basis of PC. In silico functional analysis of public genomic information allowed prioritization of potentially relevant candidate variants. Results: We identified several new variants located in genes for which there is experimental evidence of their implication in the biology and function of pancreatic acinar cells. Among them is a novel independent variant in NR5A2 (rs3790840) with a meta-analysis p value = 5.91E−06 in 1D approach and a Local Moran’s Index (LMI) = 7.76 in 2D approach. We also identified a multi-hit region in CASC8—a lncRNA associated with pancreatic carcinogenesis—with a lowest p value = 6.91E−05. Importantly, two new PC loci were identified both by 2D and 3D approaches: SIAH3 (LMI = 18.24), CTRB2/BCAR1 (LMI = 6.03), in addition to a chromatin interacting region in XBP1—a major regulator of the ER stress and unfolded protein responses in acinar cells—identified by 3D; all of them with a strong in silico functional support. Conclusions: This multi-step strategy, combined with an in-depth in silico functional analysis, offers a comprehensive approach to advance the study of PC genetic susceptibility and could be applied to other diseases

A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

peer reviewe

Contaminación por bacterias fecales en el Lago Huayamilpas, México, D.F.

The water sanitary quality was evaluated following a restoration program for native fish species introduction in an urban lake, Huayamilpas. The Most Probable Number of total coliforms (T.C.), fecal coliforms (F.C.) and streptococci (F.S.) were determinate as indicator organisms in water and sediment every month (1997-1998) at the main pond and  the inflows. The T.C. bacteria were above the limits for recreation water (in 83% of the samples), the F.S. group was above the norm for aquatic life organisms protection (in the 67% in the inflows), the F.S. bacteroa were 55% over those limits on the samples from the pond. The bacteria concentrations in sediments were 100 times grater than in the column of the pond, and 300 higher than the inflows. These sections could be identified: the main pond with low percentage of contaminated samples (T.C. 5%, F.C. 11%, F.S. 28%); the secondary pond with intermediate levels (T.C. and F.C. 20%, F.S. 60%); and the inflows (T.C. 77%, F.C. 61%, F.S. 85%) with the highest levels. The poor bacteriological quality of the inflows was attributed to the sporadic drainage of domestic wastewater. The F.S. contamination was associated to the presence of the birds. F.S. is a relevant indicator to considerate for the fish introduction of native species. Water quality can be improved by avoiding the contamination by the water inflows prior to its entry to the lake, and by the recommendation of controlling bird population.Se evaluó la calidad sanitaria del lago urbano de Huayamilpas, como parte de un programa de rehabilitación enfocado al restabecimiento de las condiciones adecuadas para la introducción de especies nativas de peces. Se determinaron mensualmente durante el ciclo 1997-1998, los Números Más Probables de bacterias coliformes totales (C.T.), fecales (C.F.) y estreptococos fecales (E.F.), en agua y sedimento con el método de tubos múltiples, en el cuerpo lacustre y los aportes. En estos, las C.T. rebasaron los niveles recomendables para la recreación con contacto primario hasta en un 83% de los casos; y las C.F. superaron las normas para la protección de la vida acuática  hasta en un 67%. En el cuerpo lacustre los E.F. rebasaron estos límites hasta en un 55%. Las concentraciones de bacterias en sedimento fueron en promedio 100 veces más altas que en agua, llegando a ser 300 en los aportes. Se identificaron tres secciones: el cuerpo lacustre principal, con menor prcentaje de muestras contaminadas (C.T. 5%, C.F. 11%, E.F. 28%); el cuerpo lacustre anexo, con niveles intermedios (C.T. y C.F. 20%, E.F. 60%) y los aportes (C.T. 77%, C.F. 615 E.F. 85%), con altos niveles. La mala calidad sanitaria en estos se atribuyó a la entrada esporádica de agua residual. La contaminación por E.F. se aasoció a la presencia de aves. Este indicador es relevante para reincorporar las especies nativas de peces. La calidad sanitaria puede mejorarse; evitando la contaminación de los aportes antes de su vertimiento al lago y se recomienda el control de la población de aves