On Cognitive Robot Woodworking in SMErobotics

This paper details and discusses work performed at the woodworking SME Mivelaz Techniques Bois SA within the SMErobotics FP7 project. The aim is to improve non-expert handling of the cell by introduction of cognitive abilities in the robot system. Three areas are considered; intuitive programming, process adaptation and system integration. Proposed cognitive components are described together with experiments performed

Development of local laminated wood construction element using welded-through dowels

Le soudage du bois constitue un nouveau procédé d’assemblage, deux pièces de bois sont assemblées sans aucun adhésif, ni organe métallique. Ce travail étudie la faisabilité d’éléments de construction en bois lamellé à échelle 1 comme des poutres, des parois et des planchers, en utilisant le soudage de chevilles (Fagus sylvatica) dans des avivés (Picea abies) des forêts locales (VOSGES). La maîtrise du procédé étant primordiale pour étudier sa reproductibilité, une machine prototype est développée. Les paramètres d’asservissement et la mesure des efforts appliqués sont maîtrisés précisément par un logiciel. La fabrication contrôlée d’échantillons et de poutres soudées permet de caractériser les propriétés mécaniques élémentaires.L’étude du comportement des poutres et des planchers fait appel à la théorie des poutres à connexions imparfaites. Une approche par éléments finis montre que le modèle analytique de KREUZINGER n’approche pas suffisamment la distribution des contraintes dans la section composite, un modèle analytique est développé selon l’approche de GIRHAMMAR : le modèle exact généralisé. Les essais de poutres montrent une trop grande souplesse de la liaison et sa sensibilité au fluage. Les essais sur le plancher conduisent à des caractéristiques intéressantes en termes de rigidité et de confort. Les parois, non optimisées, montrent des résultats prometteurs pour le contreventement. Les premiers éléments sur l’utilisation du soudage du bois dans la construction sont présentés. Cette technologie se révèlerait compétitive dans la réalisation d’éléments constructifs en 3D. Dans un contexte de développement durable, cette approche constructive est porteuse d’avenirWood welding is a new assembly concept; two pieces of wood can be connected without any adhesive or any metal fastener. This study present the feasibility in usable scale, to produce laminated elements for construction like beams, walls and floors, using welded dowels (Fagus sylvatica) to connect planks (Picea abies) from local forests (Vosges). To be used, it is essential that the welding process has to be reproducible; a prototype machine was designed in this aim. It mastered the main parameters of welding like rotation speed and efforts. A convivial software pilot efficiently the machine. This allows a controlled fabrication of welded samples and beams to characterize their basic resistance properties. The behaviour of beams and floors is given by composite beam with interlayer slip theory. A finite elements approach showed that the KREUZINGER’s analytical model does not allow to describe well enough the stress distribution in a multi layer composite section, an analytical model is then develop from GIRHAMMAR’s composite beams theory: the so call generalized exact model. Tests of beams show that the dowel connection is too weak and will have then a great sensitivity to creep. Tests on floor provide interesting features in terms of rigidity and comfort. The walls which are not optimized show encouraging results for racking resistance. The first items for the use of wood welding in construction are presented. This technology will be competitive in achieving constructive elements in 3D. In a context of sustainable development, this constructive approach takes its full meanin

Développement d'éléments de construction en bois de pays lamellés assemblés par tourillons thermo-soudés

Le soudage du bois constitue un nouveau procédé d assemblage, deux pièces de bois sont assemblées sans aucun adhésif, ni organe métallique. Ce travail étudie la faisabilité d éléments de construction en bois lamellé à échelle 1 comme des poutres, des parois et des planchers, en utilisant le soudage de chevilles (Fagus sylvatica) dans des avivés (Picea abies) des forêts locales (VOSGES). La maîtrise du procédé étant primordiale pour étudier sa reproductibilité, une machine prototype est développée. Les paramètres d asservissement et la mesure des efforts appliqués sont maîtrisés précisément par un logiciel. La fabrication contrôlée d échantillons et de poutres soudées permet de caractériser les propriétés mécaniques élémentaires.L étude du comportement des poutres et des planchers fait appel à la théorie des poutres à connexions imparfaites. Une approche par éléments finis montre que le modèle analytique de KREUZINGER n approche pas suffisamment la distribution des contraintes dans la section composite, un modèle analytique est développé selon l approche de GIRHAMMAR : le modèle exact généralisé. Les essais de poutres montrent une trop grande souplesse de la liaison et sa sensibilité au fluage. Les essais sur le plancher conduisent à des caractéristiques intéressantes en termes de rigidité et de confort. Les parois, non optimisées, montrent des résultats prometteurs pour le contreventement. Les premiers éléments sur l utilisation du soudage du bois dans la construction sont présentés. Cette technologie se révèlerait compétitive dans la réalisation d éléments constructifs en 3D. Dans un contexte de développement durable, cette approche constructive est porteuse d avenirWood welding is a new assembly concept; two pieces of wood can be connected without any adhesive or any metal fastener. This study present the feasibility in usable scale, to produce laminated elements for construction like beams, walls and floors, using welded dowels (Fagus sylvatica) to connect planks (Picea abies) from local forests (Vosges). To be used, it is essential that the welding process has to be reproducible; a prototype machine was designed in this aim. It mastered the main parameters of welding like rotation speed and efforts. A convivial software pilot efficiently the machine. This allows a controlled fabrication of welded samples and beams to characterize their basic resistance properties. The behaviour of beams and floors is given by composite beam with interlayer slip theory. A finite elements approach showed that the KREUZINGER s analytical model does not allow to describe well enough the stress distribution in a multi layer composite section, an analytical model is then develop from GIRHAMMAR s composite beams theory: the so call generalized exact model. Tests of beams show that the dowel connection is too weak and will have then a great sensitivity to creep. Tests on floor provide interesting features in terms of rigidity and comfort. The walls which are not optimized show encouraging results for racking resistance. The first items for the use of wood welding in construction are presented. This technology will be competitive in achieving constructive elements in 3D. In a context of sustainable development, this constructive approach takes its full meaningNANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocSudocFranceF

Volume analysis of true and false lumens in acute complicated type B aortic dissections after thoracic endovascular aortic repair with stent grafts alone or with a composite device design.

This study compared the 12-month evolution of the aortic volume in patients who underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with stent grafts alone or a composite device (Zenith TX2 stent graft and Zenith Dissection stent; Cook Medical, Bloomington, Ind) for acute (≤2 weeks from onset) complicated type B aortic dissection

UVC inactivation of pathogenic samples suitable for cryo-EM analysis

Cryo-electron microscopy has become an essential tool to understand structure and function of biological samples. Especially for pathogens, such as disease-causing bacteria and viruses, insights gained by cryo-EM can aid in developing cures. However, due to the biosafety restrictions of pathogens, samples are often treated by chemical fixation to render the pathogen inert, affecting the ultrastructure of the sample. Alternatively, researchers use in vitro or ex vivo models, which are non-pathogenic but lack the complexity of the pathogen of interest. Here we show that ultraviolet-C (UVC) radiation applied at cryogenic temperatures can be used to eliminate or dramatically reduce the infectivity of Vibrio cholerae and the bacterial virus, the ICP1 bacteriophage. We show no discernable structural impact of this treatment of either sample using two cryo-EM methods: cryo-electron tomography followed by sub-tomogram averaging, and single particle analysis (SPA). Additionally, we applied the UVC irradiation to the protein apoferritin (ApoF), which is a widely used test sample for high-resolution SPA studies. The UVC-treated ApoF sample resulted in a 2.1 Å structure indistinguishable from an untreated published map. This research demonstrates that UVC treatment is an effective and inexpensive addition to the cryo-EM sample preparation toolbox

UVC inactivation of pathogenic samples suitable for cryo-EM analysis

Cryo-electron microscopy has become an essential tool to understand structure and function of biological samples. Especially for pathogens, such as disease-causing bacteria and viruses, insights gained by cryo-EM can aid in developing cures. However, due to the biosafety restrictions of pathogens, samples are often treated by chemical fixation to render the pathogen inert, affecting the ultrastructure of the sample. Alternatively, researchers use in vitro or ex vivo models, which are non-pathogenic but lack the complexity of the pathogen of interest. Here we show that ultraviolet-C (UVC) radiation applied at cryogenic temperatures can be used to eliminate or dramatically reduce the infectivity of Vibrio cholerae and the bacterial virus, the ICP1 bacteriophage. We show no discernable structural impact of this treatment of either sample using two cryo-EM methods: cryo-electron tomography followed by sub-tomogram averaging, and single particle analysis (SPA). Additionally, we applied the UVC irradiation to the protein apoferritin (ApoF), which is a widely used test sample for high-resolution SPA studies. The UVC-treated ApoF sample resulted in a 2.1 Å structure indistinguishable from an untreated published map. This research demonstrates that UVC treatment is an effective and inexpensive addition to the cryo-EM sample preparation toolbox

UVC inactivation of pathogenic samples suitable for cryo-EM analysis

Cryo-electron microscopy has become an essential tool to understand structure and function of biological samples. Especially for pathogens, such as disease-causing bacteria and viruses, insights gained by cryo-EM can aid in developing cures. However, due to the biosafety restrictions of pathogens, samples are often treated by chemical fixation to render the pathogen inert, affecting the ultrastructure of the sample. Alternatively, researchers use in vitro or ex vivo models, which are non-pathogenic but lack the complexity of the pathogen of interest. Here we show that ultraviolet-C (UVC) radiation applied at cryogenic temperatures can be used to eliminate or dramatically reduce the infectivity of Vibrio cholerae and the bacterial virus, the ICP1 bacteriophage. We show no discernable structural impact of this treatment of either sample using two cryo-EM methods: cryo-electron tomography followed by sub-tomogram averaging, and single particle analysis (SPA). Additionally, we applied the UVC irradiation to the protein apoferritin (ApoF), which is a widely used test sample for high-resolution SPA studies. The UVC-treated ApoF sample resulted in a 2.1 Å structure indistinguishable from an untreated published map. This research demonstrates that UVC treatment is an effective and inexpensive addition to the cryo-EM sample preparation toolbox