Factores del retardo de consolidación en fracturas de antebrazo pediátricas

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar factores para el retardo de curación en fracturas pediátricas diafisarias de antebrazo. Presentamos un estudio caso-control de todas las fracturas pediáticas de antebrazo tratadas en el Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, desde 2003 hasta 2009, y que presentaron retardo de consolidación, con un seguimiento mínimo de 12 meses. Los criterios de exclusión fueron fractura-luxación, infección, osteosíntesis insuficiente, fractura en tallo verde, abierta, patológica y asociada a fractura de cabeza radial, así como pacientes sin el seguimiento mínimo establecido. El cálculo estadístico incluyó análisis de regresión lineal bivariante y multivariante. Resultados: Durante este periodo se trataron 441 fracturas de antebrazo completas, de ambos huesos: 14 de ellas (3.2%) sufrieron retardo de consolidación; y 63 controles cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente. El análisis bivariante mostró diferencias significativas entre los grupos "retardo de consolidación" y "control" en edad, necesidad de tratamiento quirúrgico, reducción abierta frente a cerrada y tiempo hasta retirada del material. Si embargo, la reducción abierta de la fractura, más frecuente en el grupo "retardo de consolidación", fue la única variable que permaneció asociada en el análisis multivariante. Conclusiones: El factor predictivo más importante para el retardo de consolidación en fracturas pediátricas de antebrazo es la reducción abierta.The aim of this study was to assess predictive factors for delayed healing in forearm paediatric fractures. This is a case-control study of all paediatric shaft fractures of forearm presenting delayed union in follow-up period of 12 months or more, from 2003 through 2009, treated in Miguel Servet University Hospital. Exclusion criteria were fracture-dislocations, infection, suboptimal osteosynthesis, greenstick, open, pathologic and associated radial head fractures, as well as patients without stablished period of follow up. Statistical assessment included bivariant and multivariant linear regression analysis. Results: During the study period 441 complete both-bone forearm fractures were treated: 14 of them (3.2%) were identified as suffering delayed union; and 63 controls fulfilling inclusion criteria were randomly selected. Bivariant analysis showed significant differences between "delayed union" and "control" groups in age, need of surgical treatment, open versus closed reduction and mean time to hardware removal. However, open reduction of the fracture, more frequent in the "delayed union" group, was the only variable which remained associated in the multivariant analysis. Conclusions: The strongest predictor of union delay in paediatric forearm fractures is open reduction

Nuevos materiales magnéticos basados en heteropoliácidos tipo Keggin y su aplicación en reacciones de esterificación del ácido levulínico para valorización de residuos de biomasa

Este trabajo se encuentra dirigido a valorizar residuos de biomasa, mediante catálisis heterogénea a través del estudio de un nuevos material sólido basado en ácido tungstofosfórico (TPA), un heteropoliácido tipo Keggin, inmovilizado sobre materiales magnéticos recubiertos con sílice mesoporosa sintetizados vía sol-gel, y su aplicación en reacciones de esterificación para la obtención de compuestos de alto valor agregado derivados de biomasa. La actividad catalítica se estudió en la síntesis de levulinato de n-butilo a partir de ácido levulínico y nbutanol, producto de gran importancia por sus usos, como fragancia o como aditivo en gasolina y biodiesel, entre otros.Resumen presentado en las II Jornadas de Jóvenes Investigadores del CISaV (La Plata, 13 de junio de 2017)

Nuevos materiales magnéticos basados en heteropoliácidos tipo Keggin y su aplicación en reacciones de esterificación del ácido levulínico para valorización de residuos de biomasa

Este trabajo se encuentra dirigido a valorizar residuos de biomasa, mediante catálisis heterogénea a través del estudio de un nuevos material sólido basado en ácido tungstofosfórico (TPA), un heteropoliácido tipo Keggin, inmovilizado sobre materiales magnéticos recubiertos con sílice mesoporosa sintetizados vía sol-gel, y su aplicación en reacciones de esterificación para la obtención de compuestos de alto valor agregado derivados de biomasa. La actividad catalítica se estudió en la síntesis de levulinato de n-butilo a partir de ácido levulínico y nbutanol, producto de gran importancia por sus usos, como fragancia o como aditivo en gasolina y biodiesel, entre otros.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Nuevos materiales magnéticos basados en heteropoliácidos tipo Keggin y su aplicación en reacciones de esterificación del ácido levulínico para valorización de residuos de biomasa

Este trabajo se encuentra dirigido a valorizar residuos de biomasa, mediante catálisis heterogénea a través del estudio de un nuevos material sólido basado en ácido tungstofosfórico (TPA), un heteropoliácido tipo Keggin, inmovilizado sobre materiales magnéticos recubiertos con sílice mesoporosa sintetizados vía sol-gel, y su aplicación en reacciones de esterificación para la obtención de compuestos de alto valor agregado derivados de biomasa. La actividad catalítica se estudió en la síntesis de levulinato de n-butilo a partir de ácido levulínico y nbutanol, producto de gran importancia por sus usos, como fragancia o como aditivo en gasolina y biodiesel, entre otros.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Cognitive-behaviour therapy for patients with Abridged Somatization Disorder (SSI 4,6) in primary care: a randomized, controlled study

Abstract Background Somatoform disorders are characterized by the presence of multiple somatic symptoms without an organic cause that completely explains their symptoms. These patients generate a high cost in health services. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of a cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) programme, administered in group and individual formats in primary care for patients who are diagnosed with abridged somatization disorder. Method/design Design: Multicentre, randomized, controlled trial involving 3 groups, one of which is the control group consisting of standardized recommended treatment for somatization disorder in primary care (Smith's norms) and the 2 others, the intervention groups, consisting of cognitive-behavioural therapy (10 sessions) administered in individual format (intervention group 1) or in group format (intervention group 2). Setting: 29 primary care health centres in the province of Zaragoza and 3 primary care health centres in the province of Mallorca, Spain. Sample: N = 204 patients, (68 in each of the three groups), aged 18–65 years, able to understand and read Spanish, who fulfil Escobar's criteria of Abridgged Somatization Disorder (SSI 4,6), stable with pharmacotherapy over the previous month, and who will remain stable for the next 3 months in the doctor's opinion, having signed informed consent. Intervention: Control group: Standardized recommended treatment for somatization disorder in primary care (Smith's norms). Intervention group: 10 weekly sessions of CBT, following a protocol designed by Prof. Escobar's group at UMDNJ, USA. There are 2 different treatment conditions: individual and group format. Measurements: Survey on the use of health services, number and severity of somatic symptoms, anxiety, depression, quality of life and clinical global impression. The interviewers will not know which group the patient belongs to (blind). The assessments will be carried out at baseline, post-treatment, 6 months and 12 post-treatment. Main variables: Utilization of health services, number and severity of somatic symptoms. Analysis: The analysis will be per intent to treat. We will use the general linear models of the SPSS v.15 statistical package, to analyse the effect of treatment on the result variable (utilization of health services, number and severity of somatic symptoms). Discussion It is necessary to develop more effective psychological treatments for somatoform disorders. This randomised clinical trial will determine whether cognitive behaviour therapy, both in group or in individual format, is effective for the treatment of these patients. Trial registration Current controlled trials ISRCTN69944771</p

Ecological approaches in veterinary epidemiology: mapping the risk of bat-borne rabies using vegetation indices and night-time light satellite imagery

Rabies remains a disease of significant public health concern. In the Americas, bats are an important source of rabies for pets, livestock, and humans. For effective rabies control and prevention, identifying potential areas for disease occurrence is critical to guide future research, inform public health policies, and design interventions. To anticipate zoonotic infectious diseases distribution at coarse scale, veterinary epidemiology needs to advance via exploring current geographic ecology tools and data using a biological approach. We analyzed bat-borne rabies reports in Chile from 2002 to 2012 to establish associations between rabies occurrence and environmental factors to generate an ecological niche model (ENM). The main rabies reservoir in Chile is the bat species Tadarida brasiliensis; we mapped 726 occurrences of rabies virus variant AgV4 in this bat species and integrated them with contemporary Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The correct prediction of areas with rabies in bats and the reliable anticipation of human rabies in our study illustrate the usefulness of ENM for mapping rabies and other zoonotic pathogens. Additionally, we highlight critical issues with selection of environmental variables, methods for model validation, and consideration of sampling bias. Indeed, models with weak or incorrect validation approaches should be interpreted with caution. In conclusion, ecological niche modeling applications for mapping disease risk at coarse geographic scales have a promising future, especially with refinement and enrichment of models with additional information, such as night-time light data, which increased substantially the model’s ability to anticipate human rabies

Curso modelado de nicho ecológico, version 1.0

The suite of ideas, protocols, and software tools that has come to be known as “Ecological Niche Modeling” (ENM) — as well as those for the related “Species Distribution Modeling” (SDM)—has seen intensive exploration and research attention in recent decades. In spite of at least four syntheses, the field has grown so much in complexity that it is rather difficult to access for newcomers. Until now, accessibility to this field was achieved by in-person courses organized by universities or research centers, in some of which we have participated as instructors. However, the access to these specialized courses is limited, on one hand because they are not offered in all universities, and on the other because normally they are taught in English. To expand the access to a wider community of Spanish-speaking researchers, here we offer an entirely digital and free-of-charge course in Spanish, which was presented over 23 weeks via Internet in 2018. Although intrinsic Internet-related barriers may limit access to course materials, we have made them available in diverse formats (video, audio, pdf) in order to eliminate most of these problems.El conjunto de ideas, métodos y programas informáticos que se conoce como “Modelado de Nicho Ecológico” (MNE)—y el relacionado “Modelado de Distribución de Especies” (MDS)—han sido objeto de intensa exploración e investigación en las últimas décadas. A pesar de existir al menos cuatro síntesis publicadas, este campo ha crecido tanto en complejidad, que la formación de nuevos investigadores es difícil. Hasta ahora, dicha formación se ha hecho de manera presencial en cursos organizados por universidades o centros de investigación, de los que hemos formado parte como instructores. Sin embargo, el acceso a este tipo de cursos especializados es restringido, por un lado, porque los cursos no se ofrecen en todas las universidades, y por otro, porque normalmente se imparten en inglés. Para facilitar el acceso a una mayor comunidad de científicos de habla hispana, presentamos un curso en español, completamente digital y de acceso gratuito, que se realizó vía Internet durante 23 semanas consecutivas en 2018. Aunque las barreras intrínsecas al uso de Internet pueden dificultar la accesibilidad a los materiales del curso, hemos usado diversos formatos para la divulgación de los contenidos académicos (video, audio, pdf) con el objetivo de eliminar la mayor parte de estos problemas

The Challenges of the External Vote

UID/CPO/04627/2019Over the last few decades, emigrants all over the world have gained expanded voting rights. Despite the normative debates about this issue, there are few empirical studies on why states decide to implement external voting and how electoral systems perform. This chapter seeks to fill this gap by looking at the Portuguese case. Our study suggests that a combination of political and socio-economic factors explains the implementa tion of external voting. On the other hand, the interests of political parties and the low level of civil society engagement are key factors in the failure of both electoral reforms and attempts to overcome the shortcomings of external voting.publishersversionpublishe

Open Access Solutions for Biodiversity Journals: Don’t Replace One Problem with Another

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Open access solutions for biodiversity journals : Do not replace one problem with another

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