12 research outputs found

    ContrĂŽle optimal de la qualitĂ© de l’air dans une cavitĂ© bidimensionnelle par rĂ©duction de modĂšle

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    L’objectif Ă  terme de la prĂ©sente Ă©tude est d’agir sur l’écoulement pour contrĂŽler la dispersion du polluant dans une piĂšce. L’utilisation des mĂ©thodes de rĂ©duction de modĂšle offre Ă  cet Ă©gard des perspectives intĂ©ressantes. Le contrĂŽle de la dynamique de l'Ă©coulement est rĂ©alisĂ© ici en jouant sur l’intensitĂ© du fluide injectĂ© par les diffĂ©rentes entrĂ©es d’une cavitĂ© bidimensionnelle

    Modeling exposure to airborne metals using moss biomonitoring in cemeteries in two urban areas around Paris and Lyon in France

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    International audienceExposure of the general population to airborne metals remains poorly estimated despite the potential health risks. Passive moss biomonitoring can proxy air quality at fine resolution over large areas, mainly in rural areas. We adapted the technique to urban areas to develop fine concentration maps for several metals for Constances cohort’s participants. We sampled Grimmia pulvinata in 77 and 51 cemeteries within ∌50 km of Paris and Lyon city centers, respectively. We developed land-use regression models for 14 metals including cadmium, lead, and antimony; potential predictors included the amount of urban, agricultural, forest, and water around cemeteries, population density, altitude, and distance to major roads. We used both kriging with external drift and land use regression followed by residual kriging when necessary to derive concentration maps (500 × 500 m) for each metal and region. Both approaches led to similar results. The most frequent predictors were the amount of urban, agricultural, or forest areas. Depending on the metal, the models explained part of the spatial variability, from 6% for vanadium in Lyon to 84% for antimony in Paris, but mostly between 20% and 60%, with better results for metals emitted by human activities. Moss biomonitoring in cemeteries proves efficient for obtaining airborne metal exposures in urban areas for the most common metals

    Verres incolores de l'Antiquité romaine en Gaule et aux marges de la Gaule [Vol. 1 : Assemblages, Vol. 2 : Typologie - Analyses]

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    International audienceLe verre incolore, volontairement dĂ©colorĂ© au manganĂšse ou Ă  l’antimoine, est celui qui est le plus souvent utilisĂ© entre le milieu du Ier s. apr. J.-C. et le dĂ©but du IVe s. Cet ouvrage qui rend compte de la diversitĂ© de ce mobilier (vaisselle, contenants et petits objets) est conçu comme un manuel pratique divisĂ© en trois parties. La premiĂšre prĂ©sente des contextes renfermant du verre incolore ; la seconde, sous forme de fiches, est un catalogue typologique qui livre une image globale de la verrerie incolore dĂ©couverte dans l’ensemble de la Gaule. Outil de datation, le verre nous informe aussi sur les aspects Ă©conomiques, sociaux et culturels de son Ă©poque. Les analyses chimiques forment le troisiĂšme volet.La masse documentaire rĂ©unie dans cet ouvrage en fait un instrument de travail indispensable aux chercheurs et Ă©tudiants qui s’intĂ©ressent au verre de l’AntiquitĂ© romaine.Fruit d’un travail collectif, cet ouvrage rĂ©sulte d’une enquĂȘte initiĂ©e et principalement supportĂ©e par l’Association française pour l’ArchĂ©ologie du Verre (AFAV) Ă  laquelle appartiennent la plupart des auteurs qui, par ailleurs, sont rattachĂ©s Ă  divers organismes de recherche. L’AFAV qui publie rĂ©guliĂšrement dans un bulletin les travaux de ses rencontres annuelles est Ă©galement organisatrice de colloques internationaux et Ă©ditrice scientifique

    Neutralisation de ruisseaux forestiers acides par amendement du bassin versant. Mise en relief des connaissances existantes avec des expérimentations dans le massif Vosgien

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    National audienceThis article describes 2 experiments in the Vosges to neutralize acidic streams by liming the catchment area. These experiments are viewed in the light of current knowledge as reported in the national and international literature. The effect of liming a catchment area on the chemical composition of a stream draining from it depends on the solubility and quantity of the product used, initial soil acidity and the thickness of the substrate drained by rainwater before it reaches the stream. For quantities in the region of two tons of dolomitic limestone or dolomite per hectare, effects are rapid on shallow soils and very slow on deep ones. Effects are particularly strong when wetlands are limed with the exception of true peat bogs, which are quite simply destroyed by liming. However, even when streams are moderately acidic, it takes a long time to restore biodiversity. These findings were confirmed in the Vosges when a mixture of two tons of dolomitic limestone, gypsum and KCl per hectare was applied to two catchment areas. This amendment brought about a slight but sustained increase in the Ca and Mg of the water draining into the catchment on granite where drainage is predominantly lateral and superficial (due to the presence of shallow hardpan horizons that prevent water from filtering in). On sandstone, soluble Ca and Mg penetrate deeply into the permeable sandy soils but do not reach the stream due to the thickness and porosity of the arenite.Ce travail dĂ©crit les expĂ©rimentations de neutralisation de ruisseaux acides par chaulage de bassin versant rĂ©alisĂ©es au cours de deux expĂ©riences dans les Vosges. Ces travaux sont mis en relief avec les connaissances prĂ©sentes dans la littĂ©rature Ă  l’échelle nationale et internationale. L’effet du chaulage d’un bassin versant sur la composition chimique du ruisseau qui le draine dĂ©pend de la solubilitĂ© du produit et des quantitĂ©s utilisĂ©es, de l’aciditĂ© initiale des sols et de l’épaisseur du substrat drainĂ© par les eaux de pluie avant d’atteindre le ruisseau. Pour des quantitĂ©s de l’ordre de deux tonnes de calcaire magnĂ©sien ou de dolomie Ă  l’hectare, les effets sont rapides si les sols sont peu Ă©pais et trĂšs lents s’ils sont Ă©pais. Les effets sont d’autant plus marquĂ©s que les zones humides ont Ă©tĂ© chaulĂ©es, Ă  l’exception des tourbiĂšres vraies, dont le chaulage n’a d’autre effet que leur destruction. Cependant, mĂȘme lorsque l’aciditĂ© des ruisseaux est modĂ©rĂ©e, la diversitĂ© biologique est trĂšs lente Ă  se reconstituer. Ces connaissances ont Ă©tĂ© confirmĂ©es dans les Vosges lors de l’apport d’un mĂ©lange de deux tonnes de calcaire dolomitique, gypse et KCl Ă  deux bassins versants. Cet amendement a provoquĂ© une augmentation faible et durable des teneurs en Ca et Mg des eaux drainant un bassin versant sur granite, dans lequel prĂ©domine un drainage latĂ©ral superficiel, provoquĂ© par la prĂ©sence d’horizons indurĂ©s peu permĂ©ables Ă  faible profondeur. Sur grĂšs, le Ca et le Mg solubilisĂ©s ont pĂ©nĂ©trĂ© profondĂ©ment dans les sols sableux permĂ©ables, sans atteindre le ruisseau, en raison de l’épaisseur et de la porositĂ© de l’arĂšne

    Implication of the deacetylase sirtuin-1 on synovial angiogenesis and persistence of experimental arthritis

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    International audienceObjectives To decipher the phenotype of endothelial cells (ECs) derived from circulating progenitors issued from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods RA and control ECs were compared according to their proliferative capacities, apoptotic profile, response to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulation and angiogenic properties. Microarray experiments were performed to identify gene candidates relevant to pathological angiogenesis. Identified candidates were detected by RT-PCR and western blot analysis in ECs and by immunohistochemistry in the synovium. Their functional relevance was then evaluated in vitro after gene invalidation by small interfering RNA and adenoviral gene overexpression, and in vivo in the mouse model of methyl-bovine serum albumin-(mBSA)-induced arthritis. Results RA ECs displayed higher proliferation rate, greater sensitisation to TNF-α and enhanced in vitro and in vivo angiogenic capacities. Microarray analyses identified the NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) as a relevant gene candidate. Decreased SIRT1 expression was detected in RA ECs and synovial vessels. Deficient endothelial SIRT1 expression promoted a proliferative, proapoptotic and activated state of ECs through the acetylation of p53 and p65, and lead the development of proangiogenic capacities through the upregulation of the matricellular protein cysteine-rich angiogenic protein-61. Conditional deletion of SIRT1 in ECs delayed the resolution of experimental methyl-bovine serum albumin-(mBSA)-induced arthritis. Conversely, SIRT1 activation reversed the pathological phenotype of RA ECs and alleviates signs of experimental mBSA-induced arthritis. Conclusions These results support a role of SIRT1 in RA and may have therapeutic implications, since targeting angiogenesis, and especially SIRT1, might be used as a complementary therapeutic approach in RA

    An assessment of the endemic spermatophytes, pteridophytes and bryophytes of the French Overseas Territories: towards a better conservation outlook

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    International audienceA broad range of climatic and biogeographical conditions are represented in the French Overseas Territories, from sub-polar to equatorial, resulting in a high diversity of endemic species. We mobilized data from herbaria, floras, checklists, literature, the expertise of botanists and plant ecologists to compile the most complete dataset on endemic vascular plants and bryophytes in the 15 French Overseas Territories. To date, 3748 spermatophytes (seed plants), 244 pteridophytes (ferns and lycophytes) and 448 bryophytes are strictly endemic to the overseas territories. New Caledonia, French Polynesia and RĂ©union harbour the highest numbers of strictly endemic species, yet French Guiana and the French Antilles harbour high numbers of regional endemic species due to their proximity with other territories. The endemic flora of these territories is highly threatened. In particular, 51% of strictly endemic spermatophytes are threatened and many species at risk belong to Rubiaceae and Orchidaceae families. Around 82% and 69% of strict and regional endemic spermatophytes and pteridophytes are found in the Paris herbaria. Only 34% of endemic bryophytes have their label information fully databased so that their total number in Paris herbaria is not known. Databasing the remaining specimens in the collection will greatly enhance future research and conservation projects. To facilitate the use of the information we compiled, we provide a publicly searchable dataset of the checklist. This study not only provides a picture of the flora of French overseas territories; it also identifies gaps in knowledge on which future research efforts in systematics, ecology and conservation could focus

    Le site de rĂ©fĂ©rence du Partenariat europĂ©en d’innovation pour un vieillissement actif et en bonne santĂ© MACVIA-LR (contre les maladies chroniques pour un vieillissement en bonne santĂ© en Languedoc-Roussillon)

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    International audienceLe site de référence du Partenariat européen d'innovation pour un vieillissement actif et en bonne santé MACVIA-LR (contre les maladies chroniques pour un vieillissement en bonne santé en Languedoc-Roussillon
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