J.M.G. Le Clézio et Édouard Glissant: pour une poétique de la trace

En utilisant les textes que J.M.G Le Clézio et Edouard Glissant ont écrits pour la collection Peuples de l’eau aux éditions du Seuil, cet article analyse la façon dont les deux auteurs repensent la notion d’interculturalité à partir du concept de trace. Ces traces ce sont tout d’abord les signes et les voix qu’ils découvrent lors de leur découverte des îles de la Pentecôte et de Pacques, îlots isolées dans l’immensité de l’océan Pacifique. Suivre ces traces devient pour eux une manière de mettre en avant la dette de l’Occident envers la mémoire de ces peuples mais aussi une invitation à l’imaginaire et au récit pour restaurer un sens caché et perdu. En somme, il s’agira de voir comment une poétique de la trace leur permet de repenser notre rapport aux autres tout en suivant ce que Glissant appelle ‘L’imaginaire des peuples'

The glaciers climate change initiative: Methods for creating glacier area, elevation change and velocity products

Glaciers and their changes through time are increasingly obtained from a wide range of satellite sensors. Due to the often remote location of glaciers in inaccessible and high-mountain terrain, satellite observations frequently provide the only available measurements. Furthermore, satellite data provide observations of glacier character- istics that are difficult to monitor using ground-based measurements, thus complementing the latter. In the Glaciers_cci project of the European Space Agency (ESA), three of these characteristics are investigated in detail: glacier area, elevation change and surface velocity. We use (a) data from optical sensors to derive glacier outlines, (b) digital elevation models from at least two points in time, (c) repeat altimetry for determining elevation changes, and (d) data from repeat optical and microwave sensors for calculating surface velocity. For the latter, the two sensor types provide complementary information in terms of spatio-temporal coverage. While (c) and (d) can be generated mostly automatically, (a) and (b) require the intervention of an analyst. Largely based on the results of various round robin experiments (multi-analyst benchmark studies) for each of the products, we suggest and describe the most suitable algorithms for product creation and provide recommendations concerning their practical implementation and the required post-processing. For some of the products (area, velocity) post-processing can influence product quality more than the main-processing algorithm

Exome sequencing identifies germline variants in DIS3 in familial multiple myeloma

[Excerpt] Multiple myeloma (MM) is the third most common hematological malignancy, after Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Leukemia. MM is generally preceded by Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) [1], and epidemiological studies have identified older age, male gender, family history, and MGUS as risk factors for developing MM [2]. The somatic mutational landscape of sporadic MM has been increasingly investigated, aiming to identify recurrent genetic events involved in myelomagenesis. Whole exome and whole genome sequencing studies have shown that MM is a genetically heterogeneous disease that evolves through accumulation of both clonal and subclonal driver mutations [3] and identified recurrently somatically mutated genes, including KRAS, NRAS, FAM46C, TP53, DIS3, BRAF, TRAF3, CYLD, RB1 and PRDM1 [3,4,5]. Despite the fact that family-based studies have provided data consistent with an inherited genetic susceptibility to MM compatible with Mendelian transmission [6], the molecular basis of inherited MM predisposition is only partly understood. Genome-Wide Association (GWAS) studies have identified and validated 23 loci significantly associated with an increased risk of developing MM that explain ~16% of heritability [7] and only a subset of familial cases are thought to have a polygenic background [8]. Recent studies have identified rare germline variants predisposing to MM in KDM1A [9], ARID1A and USP45 [10], and the implementation of next-generation sequencing technology will allow the characterization of more such rare variants. [...]French National Cancer Institute (INCA) and the Fondation Française pour la Recherche contre le Myélome et les Gammapathies (FFMRG), the Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome (IFM), NCI R01 NCI CA167824 and a generous donation from Matthew Bell. This work was supported in part through the computational resources and staff expertise provided by Scientific Computing at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Research reported in this paper was supported by the Office of Research Infrastructure of the National Institutes of Health under award number S10OD018522. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The authors thank the Association des Malades du Myélome Multiple (AF3M) for their continued support and participation. Where authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer / World Health Organization, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer / World Health Organizatio

Approches du systeme fourrager par simulation.

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« Or… » / Michel Le Bris ; propos recueillis par Priska Morrissey

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Ces voyages qui ont changé le monde

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Spurious velocities in the steady flow of an incompressible fluid subjected to external forces

International audienceWe show that a non physical velocity may appear in the numerical computation of the flow of an incompressible fluid subjected to external forces. A distorted mesh and the use of a numerical method which does not rigorously ensure the incompressibility condition turn out to be responsible for this phenomenon. We illustrate it with numerical examples and we propose a projection method which improves the results