A Study of Sediment Transport in Norwegian Glacial Rivers, 1969

From original report: The Norwegian Water Resources and Electricity Board, Institute of Water Resources, Department of Hydrology, Oslo. September 1970. Report No. 6/70.Permission to translate this Norwegian report was kindly given by G. Østrem, and the translation by Helga Carstens, while she was in Alaska, is greatly appreciated. Unfortunately, Mrs. Carstens returned to her homeland, Norway, before final editing of the manuscript could be completed. Consequently, any errors in translation are due to the editor, and for these errors, the editor apologizes to the authors. Not included in this translation is an English summary contained in the original report. To keep printing costs down, the original figures and tables, which fortunately had English titles, are used in this translation. This report is the first of a series of reports being prepared for the Norwegian Water Resources and Electricity Board. The second report for 1970 has been published with an English summary and contains an extension of the data contained in the 1969 report. Because this work deals with problems very similar to those in Alaska, it was decided to translate the first report and circulate a limited number of copies to workers in the U. S. and Canada. Research very similar to the Norwegian work was initiated in Alaska under the editor's direction in cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey. -- G. L. Guymon.This work and the translation of this report were supported by funds provided by the United States Department of the Interior, Office of Water Resources Research (Proj. A-042-ALAS), as authorized under the amended Water Resources Act of 1964

Offshore Wind Licensing in Norway - An Analysis of the Rules Concerning Authorization and Licensing of Offshore Wind Pursuant to the Offshore Energy Act and proposed regulation

The topic of the thesis is the licensing process for offshore wind electricity generation in Norway. Since the Offshore Energy Act in 2010 there has not been much development for the Norwegian offshore wind regulation until the summer of 2019 when the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy submitted a proposal for a new regulation to the Act for public consultation. Along with the proposal for new a regulation is also a proposal to open two, possibly three, zones for license application. This thesis will present an overview and analysis of both the current and newly proposed regulation, and in so look to answer three research questions. The first one is: What are the existing rules concerning authorization and licensing of offshore wind farms pursuant to the Norwegian legislation and in particular the Offshore Energy Act, and what is their scope and sufficiency? Next the thesis will inquire: What novelty is brought by the proposed new regulation to the Offshore Energy Act with regard to the licensing procedure for offshore wind farms and does this overcome the gaps left by the in-force legislation? Lastly, the thesis will analyze: Whether the already existing legislation along with the proposed regulation are adequate to fulfill its own statutory objective by facilitating to an open and fair process when exploiting renewable energy sources at sea.MasteroppgåveJUS399MAJUR-2MAJU

Non-Opportunistic Data Transfer for IoT and Cyber-Physical Systems with Mostly Sleeping Nodes

Sensor networks are frequently used to monitor our environment. From monitoring the habitat of seabirds [1], to the structural integrity of bridges [2]. They can also be used to monitor the arctic tundra to help us monitor climate change. The arctic tundra does however place additional requirements on a monitoring system. Low access to energy sources, human intervention, and networks to transfer the results back, combined with a high likelihood of being destroyed by the environment makes it difficult to successfully retrieve any measurements. The nodes should therefore replicate any measurements among themselves while minimizing the energy consumption. In this thesis, we describe four approaches to schedule connections to share data between a neighborhood of nodes. We also present the implementation of a simulation to evaluate the approaches based on energy usage, broadcast-latency and broadcast-throughput. We conclude that scheduling connections in a ring-like or cluster structure has in general the lowest energy usage at the cost of latency and throughput. However, more work should be done to get a more accurate estimation of the energy usage of the systems

Predictors of ICS/LABA prescribing in COPD patients: A study from general practice

BACKGROUND: A combination of inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta(2) agonist (ICS/LABA) is used frequently to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The aim of the study was to determine whether prescribing ICS/LABA to COPD patients in primary care in 2009/10 was within the GOLD guidelines and whether and to what degree patient characteristics were associated with prescription of these drugs by GPs. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study in seven Norwegian GP practices. Patients registered with a diagnosis of asthma or COPD in the previous five years were included. RESULTS: Among the 376 patients included in the analysis, 149 patients had COPD, defined as a post-bronchodilator FEV(1)/FVC <0.7 and 55.6% of these patients were treated with ICS/LABA. The rate of prescribing was significantly higher in the COPD patients also diagnosed with asthma than in those with COPD as the only diagnosis, 66.7%, and 39.0%, respectively (P = 0.001). The prescribing rate in the latter subgroup would have been 18.6% if the 2007 GOLD guidelines had been followed. One or more exacerbations in the previous year was the strongest predictor of ICS/LABA prescribing in the COPD patients who were not registered with a concomitant diagnosis of asthma (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.0–10.0) but this association was limited to the patients with severe disease (FEV(1)% predicted <50) (OR 13.5, 95% CI 1.8–101.1). Cardiovascular disease was associated with decreased ICS/LABA prescribing (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.8) in the COPD group. A Kappa coefficient of 0.32 was found between the actual prescribing rate and that recommended in the 2007 GOLD guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Overprescribing of ICS/LABA for the COPD patients was shown. Previous exacerbation was a strong predictor of ICS/LABA prescribing only in patients with severe COPD. Because of the low emphasis on previous exacerbation when prescribing for COPD patients with mild to moderate disease, the actual prescribing rate agreed more closely with the GOLD guidelines from 2007 than with those published in 2011. Cardiovascular disease was associated with decreased prescribing, indicating that GPs adjust the treatment in cases with multimorbidity

Load modeling from smart meter data using neural network methods

Electricity load modeling plays a critical role to conduct load forecasting or other applications such as non-intrusive load monitoring. For such a reason, this paper investigates a comparison study of two common artificial neural network methods (Multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) for home load modeling application. The accuracy of load modeling using neural network methods highly depends on chosen variables as the input data set for the networks. For this purpose, data including weather, time, and consumer behavior are considered as the input dataset to train the networks. The results of this study show that the RBF-NN model has higher accuracy in training data. On the other side, the MLP model outperforms in test data. To sum up, the results prove that the load model obtained by MLP has a better performance in terms of mean square and root mean square error indices

Thyristor based short circuit current injection in isolated grids

Embargoed Access, IEEEs general regulations (manuscript version for OA after 24 mnths embargo from publication date) Link to publisher's version: http://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2016.7855523This paper proposes a thyristor based short circuit current injector for providing short circuit current in isolated and weak grids, where sufficient fault current to trigger circuit breakers may not be available. This will allow the use of conventional miniature circuit breakers, which requires high fault current for instantaneous tripping. The method has been validated through experiments

A Novel Technique to Mitigate the Overlap-Time Effect in Current Source Inverters

Generally, the current source inverter is considered more reliable than the voltage source inverter due to the presence of inductor as an energy storage element on the DC link, but a disruption in the inductor current could significantly risk its reliability. To guarantee the reliable operation of current source inverter, an overlap time must be added to the gate signals of its switches. This ensures the safe operation of current source inverter but results in increased total harmonic distortion and reduction of DC current utilization ratio. This paper proposes a new technique for reducing the effect of overlap time and improving the performance of pulse width modulated current source inverter. The proposed technique modifies the level-shifted sinusoidal pulse width modulation to mitigate the effect of overlap time. In this paper, the working principle of the proposed technique is presented in detail, and a mathematical relation between the level shifting and overlap time is established. Moreover, a function for the approximation of output AC current is also presented. Finally, results from computer simulations and experiments are presented which validate the effectiveness of the proposed technique

Deep Adaptive Ensemble Filter for Non-Intrusive Residential Load Monitoring

Identifying flexible loads, such as a heat pump, has an essential role in a home energy management system. In this study, an adaptive ensemble filtering framework integrated with long short-term memory (LSTM) is proposed for identifying flexible loads. The proposed framework, called AEFLSTM, takes advantage of filtering techniques and the representational power of LSTM for load disaggregation by filtering noise from the total power and learning the long-term dependencies of flexible loads. Furthermore, the proposed framework is adaptive and searches ensemble filtering techniques, including discrete wavelet transform, low-pass filter, and seasonality decomposition, to find the best filtering method for disaggregating different flexible loads (e.g., heat pumps). Experimental results are presented for estimating the electricity consumption of a heat pump, a refrigerator, and a dishwasher from the total power of a residential house in British Columbia (a publicly available use case). The results show that AEFLSTM can reduce the loss error (mean absolute error) by 57.4%, 44%, and 55.5% for estimating the power consumption of the heat pump, refrigerator, and dishwasher, respectively, compared to the stand-alone LSTM model. The proposed approach is used for another dataset containing measurements of an electric vehicle to further support the validity of the method. AEFLSTM is able to improve the result for disaggregating an electric vehicle by 22.5%

Den nye grammatikken i høgere utdanning : med læringsutbytte som eksempel

Artikkelen diskuterer det nasjonale kvalifi kasjonsrammeverket for høgere utdanning, dets tilblivelse og utforming. Spesielt retter artikkelen søkelyset på læringsutbytteformuleringer som fenomen. Spørsmålet som diskuteres er hvorvidt læringsutbytteformuleringer er hensiktsmessige i profesjonsutdanninger som skal kvalifi sere for yrker der skjønnsutøvelse er en viktig del av utøvelsen. Her blir lærerutdanningen brukt som eksempel