Estudio del Direccionamiento Estratégico en el Desarrollo Organizacional en Latinoamérica: Una Revisión de Literatura (2009-2018)

The objective of this article is to develop a literature review, highlighting the report of the selected authors on their perspective in strategic direction, to improve organizational development. The methodology is qualitative, bibliographic type. Initially you can select scientific articles, search databases such as: Redalyc, Jstor, Emerald Insight and Scielo, to proceed later with the analysis, treatment and synthesis of information. The most important conclusion is that, strategic direction contributes to organizational development, establish objectives and strategies within an organization; where senior management is responsible for making assertive decisions for the fulfillment of their goals, contributing to organizational growth. If the results are neglected, having a strategic direction that structurally implements a strategic plan in any type of organization will promote companies that are at the forefront of constant changes in the environment in which it will be developed.El objetivo del presente artículo es desarrollar una revisión de literatura, destacando el aporte de los autores seleccionados sobre su perspectiva en el direccionamiento estratégico, para mejorar el desarrollo organizacional. La metodología es cualitativa, de tipo bibliográfica. Inicialmente se seleccionaron artículos científicos, obtenidos de bases de datos como: Redalyc, Jstor, Emerald Insight y Scielo, para proceder luego con el análisis, tratamiento y síntesis de información. Como conclusión más importante se destaca que, el direccionamiento estratégico contribuye con el desarrollo organizacional, al establecer objetivos y estrategias dentro de una organización; donde la alta dirección, se encarga de tomar decisiones asertivas para el cumplimiento sus metas, coadyuvando al crecimiento organizacional. Se desprende de los resultados que, contar con una dirección estratégica que implemente estructuradamente un plan estratégico en cualquier tipo de organización promueve a que las empresas estén a la vanguardia de los cambios constantes del entorno en el que se desarrollan

La enseñanza primaria en España

Donativo de Amós Salvado

Low-intensity continuous ultrasound to inhibit cancer cell migration

In recent years, it has been verified that collective cell migration is a fundamental step in tumor spreading and metastatic processes. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time how low-intensity ultrasound produces long-term inhibition of collective migration of epithelial cancer cells in wound healing processes. In particular, we show how pancreatic tumor cells, PANC-1, grown as monolayers in vitro respond to these waves at frequencies close to 1 MHz and low intensities (< 100 mW cm(-2)) for 48-72 h of culture after some minutes of a single ultrasound irradiation. This new strategy opens a new line of action to block the spread of malignant cells in cancer processes. Despite relevant spatial variations of the acoustic pressure amplitude induced in the assay, the cells behave as a whole, showing a collective dynamic response to acoustic performance. Experiments carried out with samples without previous starving showed remarkable effects of the LICUs from the first hours of culture, more prominent than those with experiments with monolayers subjected to fasting prior to the experiments. This new strategy to control cell migration demonstrating the effectiveness of LICUS on not starved cells opens a new line of action to study effects of in vivo ultrasonic actuation on tumor tissues with malignant cells. This is a proof-of-concept study to demonstrate the physical effects of ultrasound stimulation on tumor cell migration. An in-depth biological study of the effects of ultrasounds and underlying biological mechanisms is on-going but out of the scope of this article.This work is financed by the Spanish National Plan projects PID 2021-128985OB-I00: "New Non-invasive technology to inhibit growth of solid tumors by low intensity ultrasounds", DPI 2017-90147-R and intramural research project IRYCIS (2018/0240)

A Propósito de uma Estética Formativa Mediante um Conceito-Paisagem

O presente ensaio busca indicar a diversidade de itinerários de pesquisa e a multiplicidade de linguagens permitidas pela ampla ideia de formação humana. Propõe ao leitor o exercício de investigá-la mediante fragmentos de um romance epistolar, um tratado de educação e uma carta que procura defender os princípios de tal tratado, nomeadamente: Júlia ou a nova Heloísa, Emílio ou Da Educação e Carta a Christophe de Beaumont, da obra de Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Para tanto, elege o conceito de educação negativa que aparece nesses escritos na intenção de acompanhar o seu deslizar de uma determinada filosofia de educação em direção a uma estética formativa que se faz compreender pelo cruzamento entre filosofia, literatura e paisagismo

Iniciação em sensoriamento remoto

No contexto presente de inovações em tecnologias de informação e ambientais, vem crescendo o interesse por sensoriamento remoto, tecnologia que permite obter imagens e outros dados da superfície terrestre sem o contato físico com eles

GrassPlot - a database of multi-scale plant diversity in Palaearctic grasslands

GrassPlot is a collaborative vegetation-plot database organised by the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) and listed in the Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases (GIVD ID EU-00-003). GrassPlot collects plot records (releves) from grasslands and other open habitats of the Palaearctic biogeographic realm. It focuses on precisely delimited plots of eight standard grain sizes (0.0001; 0.001;... 1,000 m(2)) and on nested-plot series with at least four different grain sizes. The usage of GrassPlot is regulated through Bylaws that intend to balance the interests of data contributors and data users. The current version (v. 1.00) contains data for approximately 170,000 plots of different sizes and 2,800 nested-plot series. The key components are richness data and metadata. However, most included datasets also encompass compositional data. About 14,000 plots have near-complete records of terricolous bryophytes and lichens in addition to vascular plants. At present, GrassPlot contains data from 36 countries throughout the Palaearctic, spread across elevational gradients and major grassland types. GrassPlot with its multi-scale and multi-taxon focus complements the larger international vegetationplot databases, such as the European Vegetation Archive (EVA) and the global database " sPlot". Its main aim is to facilitate studies on the scale-and taxon-dependency of biodiversity patterns and drivers along macroecological gradients. GrassPlot is a dynamic database and will expand through new data collection coordinated by the elected Governing Board. We invite researchers with suitable data to join GrassPlot. Researchers with project ideas addressable with GrassPlot data are welcome to submit proposals to the Governing Board

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals &lt;1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Revista de educación

El término escuela unificada doble significado: por un lado, puede expresar un concepto pedagógico, una nueva idea de la vida escolar y educativa; y de otro, pude representar un movimiento político-social, una fórmula adoptada en los programas societarios y políticos en su relación con la escuela .La primera significación podríamos decir que comienza con Platón y Aristóteles; en la segunda, es una expresión moderna. Teórica y conceptualmente la escuela unificada es reconocida hoy por la mayoría de los pedagogos contemporáneos. Las dificultades están solo en su realización por los recursos económicos que necesita. De ahí que, actualmente sea uno de los puntos de la política pedagógica europea más discutidos y más peleados. Si pasamos a la realidad y a un país concreto como España lo primero que observamos es la gran diferencia existente entre el número de alumnos que concurren a los diversos grados de la enseñanza, siendo la desproporción exagerada entre primaria, masiva y segunda enseñanza y universitaria que es mucho menor. La primera razón clara es la económica. Los niños españoles no pueden pasar a los siguientes niveles porque sus padres carecen de medios y necesitan que estos chicos se ganen pronto la vida. Este mal es general, pero menor en Inglaterra y en Estados Unidos, al ser gratuitas todas las instituciones públicas. Para conseguir una escuela debe existir una graduación perfecta desde la escuela de párvulos a la universidad, pero no por ello, facilitar a todos los alumnos capaces el paso de un grado a otro. Es decir, junta a la seriación de las instituciones debe existir una selección de los alumnos que han de asistir a ellas, selección hecha independientemente, de la posición económica y social de aquellos y de la confesión religiosa y de sexo a que pertenecen.Ministerio Educación CIDEBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]