177 research outputs found
Nuorten avomuotoinen OPI-mielenterveyskuntoutus : Koettu hyöty ja vaikuttavuus sekÀ kuntoutusmallin soveltuvuus
OPI-hankkeen tarkoituksena oli kehittÀÀ avomuotoista kuntoutusmallia ammatillisessa koulutuksessa oleville 16â25-vuotiaille opiskelijoille, joilla oli diagnosoitu masennus- ja/tai ahdistuneisuushĂ€iriö. Kuntoutusmallilla pyrittiin tukemaan nuoria elĂ€mĂ€nhallinnassa ja opiskelussa, vahvistamaan nuoren toimintakykyĂ€ ja hyvinvointia sekĂ€ vĂ€hentĂ€mÀÀn mielenterveysongelmiin liittyviĂ€ haittoja. Vuosina 2011â2013 toteutettiin yhteensĂ€ kahdeksan avomuotoista ryhmĂ€kuntoutuskurssia, joihin kuului myös yksilökĂ€yntejĂ€ sekĂ€ verkostotapaamisia. Kurssit kestivĂ€t seurantoineen noin 1,5 vuotta ja ne toteutettiin lukukausien aikana. OPI-hankkeen yhteydessĂ€ toteutettiin arviointitutkimus, jonka tavoite oli selvittÀÀ kuntoutusmallin koettua hyötyĂ€ ja vaikuttavuutta, sidosryhmĂ€yhteistyötĂ€ sekĂ€ kuntoutusmallin soveltuvuutta vakiintuneeksi toiminnaksi. Tutkimukseen osallistui 70 kuntoutujaa. Aineistoa kerĂ€ttiin kyselylomakkeilla sekĂ€ eri tahojen haastatteluilla (kuntoutujat, projektiryhmĂ€t). Kuntoutuksen ja opiskelujen yhteen nivominen onnistui enimmĂ€kseen hyvin. RyhmĂ€ssĂ€ saatu vertaistuki koettiin kuntoutuksen suurimmaksi anniksi. Seuranta-aikana nuorten masennusoireet vĂ€henivĂ€t, elĂ€mĂ€nlaatu, itse arvioitu terveydentila sekĂ€ opiskelukyky ja kognitiivinen toimintakyky kohentuivat. Nuoret olisivat kuitenkin tarvinneet kuntoutusta jo varhaisemmassa vaiheessa. Noin kolme nuorta neljĂ€stĂ€ arvioi, ettĂ€ oli saavuttanut kuntoutukselle asettamansa tavoitteet vĂ€hintÀÀn melko hyvin. Tavoitteiden saavuttaminen ja kuntoutuksen koettu vaikuttavuus olivat yhteydessĂ€ kuntoutuksen oikea-aikaisuuteen, yhteistyöhön hoitavan tahon sekĂ€ opiskeluterveydenhuollon kanssa sekĂ€ vuorovaikutuksen onnistumiseen ohjaajan ja nuoren vĂ€lillĂ€. Tutkimuksen tulokset antavat varsin rohkaisevan kuvan oppilaitoksen kanssa yhteistyössĂ€ toimivan ja opintojen kanssa yhteen sovitetun kuntoutuksen mahdollisuuksista nuorten syrjĂ€ytymisen ehkĂ€isemisessĂ€
Interplay between Structure and Dynamics in Chitosan Films Investigated with Solid-State NMR, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, and X-ray Diffraction
Modern solid-state NMR techniques, combined with X-ray diffraction, revealed the molecular origin of the difference in mechanical properties of self-associated chitosan films. Films cast from acidic aqueous solutions were compared before and after neutralization, and the role of the counterion (acetate vs Clâ») was investigated. There is a competition between local structure and long-range order. Hydrogen bonding gives good mechanical strength to neutralized films, which lack long-range organization. The long-range structure is better defined in films cast from acidic solutions in which strong electrostatic interactions cause rotational distortion around the chitosan chains. Plasticization by acetate counterions enhances long-range molecular organization and film flexibility. In contrast, Clâ» counterions act as a defect and impair the long-range organization by immobilizing hydration water. Molecular motion and proton exchange are restricted, resulting in brittle films despite the high moisture content
Effects of Timing of Grazing on Arthropod Communities in Semi-Natural Grasslands
Arthropod communities were investigated in two Swedish semi-natural grasslands, each subject to two types of grazing regime: conventional grazing from May to September (continuous grazing) and traditional late management from mid-July (late grazing). Pitfall traps were used to investigate abundance of carabids, spiders, and ants over the grazing season. Ant abundance was also measured by mapping nest density during three successive years. Small spiders, carabids and ants (Myrmica spp.) were more abundant in continuous grazing than in late grazing while larger spiders, carabids, and ants (Formica spp.) were more abundant in late grazing. The overall abundance of carabids was higher in continuous grazing in the early summer but higher in late grazing in the late summer. The switch of preference from continuous to late grazing coincided with the time for larvae hibernating species replacing adult hibernating. We discuss possible explanations for the observed responses in terms of effects of grazing season on a number of habitat variables for example temperature, food resources, structure of vegetation, litter layer, competition, and disturbance
The risk of angiosarcoma following primary breast cancer
Lymphangiosarcoma of the upper extremity is a rare and aggressive tumour reported to occur following post-mastectomy lymphoedema (StewartâTreves syndrome). Haemangiosarcoma, a related rare tumour, has occasionally been reported to occur in the breast following irradiation. We conducted a case-control study using the University of Southern California-Cancer Surveillance Program, the population-based cancer registry for Los Angeles County, to evaluate the relationship between invasive female breast cancer and subsequent upper extremity or chest lymphangiosarcoma and haemangiosarcoma together referred to as angiosarcoma. Cases were females diagnosed between 1972 and 1995 with angiosarcoma of the upper extremity (n = 20) or chest (n = 48) who were 25 years of age or older and residing in Los Angeles County when diagnosed. Other sarcomas at the same anatomic sites were also studied. Controls were females diagnosed with cancers other than sarcoma during the same time period (n = 266 444). Cases and controls were then compared with respect to history of a prior invasive epithelial breast cancer. A history of breast cancer increased the risk of upper extremity angiosarcoma by more than 59-fold (odds ratio [OR] = 59.3, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 21.9â152.8). A strong increase in risk after breast cancer was also observed for angiosarcoma of the chest and breast (OR = 11.6, 95% CI = 4.3â26.1) and for other sarcomas of the chest and breast (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.1â1.7). © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig
Characterization of different FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenases for possible use in glucose-based biosensors and biofuel cells
In this study, different flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent glucose dehydrogenases (FADGDHs) were characterized electrochemically after âwiringâ them with an osmium redox polymer [Os(4,4âČ-dimethyl-2,2âČ-bipyridine)2(PVI)10Cl]+ on graphite electrodes. One tested FADGDH was that recently discovered in Glomerella cingulata (GcGDH), another was the recombinant form expressed in Pichia pastoris (rGcGDH), and the third was a commercially available glycosylated enzyme from Aspergillus sp. (AspGDH). The performance of the Os-polymer âwiredâ GDHs on graphite electrodes was tested with glucose as the substrate. Optimal operational conditions and analytical characteristics like sensitivity, linear ranges and current density of the different FADGDHs were determined. The performance of all three types of FADGDHs was studied at physiological conditions (pH 7.4). The current densities measured at a 20 mM glucose concentration were 494â±â17, 370â±â24, and 389â±â19 ΌA cmâ2 for GcGDH, rGcGDH, and AspGDH, respectively. The sensitivities towards glucose were 2.16, 1.90, and 1.42 ΌA mMâ1 for GcGDH, rGcGDH, and AspGDH, respectively. Additionally, deglycosylated rGcGDH (dgrGcGDH) was investigated to see whether the reduced glycosylation would have an effect, e.g., a higher current density, which was indeed found. GcGDH/Os-polymer modified electrodes were also used and investigated for their selectivity for a number of different sugars
Up-regulated expression of LAMP2 and autophagy activity during neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer LNCaP cells
Neuroendocrine (NE) prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly aggressive subtype of prostate cancer associated with resistance to androgen ablation therapy. In this study, we used LNCaP prostate cancer cells cultured in a serum-free medium for 6 days as a NE model of prostate cancer. Serum deprivation increased the expression of NE markers such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and ÎČIII tubulin (ÎČIII tub) and decreased the expression of the androgen receptor protein in LNCaP cells. Using cDNA microarrays, we compared gene expression profiles of NE cells and non-differentiated LNCaP cells. We identified up-regulation of 155 genes, among them LAMP2, a lysosomal membrane protein involved in lysosomal stability and autophagy. We then confirmed up-regulation of LAMP2 in NE cells by qRT-PCR, Western blot and confocal microscopy assays, showing that mRNA up-regulation correlated with increased levels of LAMP2 protein. Subsequently, we determined autophagy activity in NE cells by assessing the protein levels of SQSTM/p62 and LC3 by Western blot and LC3 and Atg5 mRNAs content by qRT-PCR. The decreased levels of SQSTM/p62 was accompanied by an enhanced expression of LC3 and ATG5, suggesting activation of autophagy in NE cells. Blockage of autophagy with 1ÎŒM AKT inhibitor IV, or by silencing Beclin 1 and Atg5, prevented NE cell differentiation, as revealed by decreased levels of the NE markers. In addition, AKT inhibitor IV as well as Beclin1 and Atg5 kwockdown attenuated LAMP2 expression in NE cells. On the other hand, LAMP2 knockdown by siRNA led to a marked blockage of autophagy, prevention of NE differentiation and decrease of cell survival. Taken together, these results suggest that LAMP2 overexpression assists NE differentiation of LNCaP cells induced by serum deprivation and facilitates autophagy activity in order to attain the NE phenotype and cell survival. LAMP2 could thus be a potential biomarker and potential target for NE prostate cancer
Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018.
Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field
Light induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation in retinal pigment epithelial cells via lipofuscin-mediated photooxidative damage
Accumulation of amyloid-ÎČ by astrocytes result in enlarged endosomes and microvesicle-induced apoptosis of neurons
Foregut caustic injuries: results of the world society of emergency surgery consensus conference
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