Entre la huella y el índice: relecturas contemporáneas de André Bazín

Como consecuencia del cambio de lo analógico a lo digital, el debate en torno a la comprensión realista de los medios audiovisuales ha cobrado un nuevo protagonismo. Este debate se ha articulado con frecuencia a partir de la relectura de los teóricos clásicos, entre los que ocupa un lugar prominente André Bazin. Este artículo realiza un análisis de esas lecturas contemporáneas del pensamiento baziniano, con una primera mención al trabajo pionero de Stanley Cavell, para a continuación estudiar las aportaciones de Dudley Andrew, Philip Rosen, Daniel Morgan y Lee Carruthers. En todas ellas se descubre un eco de los temas fundacionales del crítico francés, desde su reflexión sobre la ontología del medio hasta su novedosa comprensión de la dimensión temporal, asociada a conceptos como la ambigüedad o el realismo. El artículo se cierra con una reflexión sobre la vigencia del pensamiento baziniano en el nuevo paradigma digital

El cine como momificación del cambio. Objetividad y duración en la teoría de André Bazin

Este artículo estudia la objetividad y la duración como rasgos cardinales de la comprensión realista del cine defendida por André Bazin. Con este fin, contrastamos las propuestas bazinianas con teóricos contemporáneos como Gunning, Rosen o Carruthers. Se observa así que la «esencial objetividad» de la imagen fotográfica, que Bazin vincula a su «génesis automática» o mecánica, reclama una posición central del sujeto, quien reconoce las imágenes proyectadas como evidencia del mundo. El cine añade la duración, la «momificación del cambio», que Bazin entiende en sentido bergsoniano. De este modo, el cine sustrae la realidad de su cauce temporal, detiene la corrupción inherente al flujo temporal, y lo incorpora a un tiempo —el de la proyección— que no es el suyo original y que se puede revisitar ad infinitum.This article focuses on objectivity and duration as main features of the realistic understanding of cinema defended by André Bazin. In so doing, it establishes a dialogue between Bazin’s ideas and those of contemporary theorists such as Gunning, Rosen and Carruthers. It is thus observed that the “essential objectivity” of the photographic image, which Bazin associates with its “automatic” or mechanical origins, demands a central position for the subject, who recognises the images projected as evidence of the world. Cinema adds duration, the “mummification of change”, which Bazin understands in a Bergsonian sense. Cinema thus snatches reality from the flow of time, halts the inherent decay of that flow, and incorporates it into a moment—the moment of its projection— that is not its original time and that can be revisited ad infinitum

Entre la huella y el índice: relecturas contemporáneas de André Bazin

Como consecuencia del cambio de lo analógico a lo digital, el debate en torno a la comprensión realista de los medios audiovisuales ha cobrado un nuevo protagonismo. Este debate se ha articulado con frecuencia a partir de la relectura de los teóricos clásicos, entre los que ocupa un lugar prominente André Bazin. Este artículo realiza un análisis de esas lecturas contemporáneas del pensamiento baziniano, con una primera mención al trabajo pionero de Stanley Cavell, para a continuación estudiar las aportaciones de Dudley Andrew, Philip Rosen, Daniel Morgan y Lee Carruthers. En todas ellas se descubre un eco de los temas fundacionales del crítico francés, desde su reflexión sobre la ontología del medio hasta su novedosa comprensión de la dimensión temporal, asociada a conceptos como la ambigüedad o el realismo. El artículo se cierra con una reflexión sobre la vigencia del pensamiento baziniano en el nuevo paradigma digital.--------------------------------------------As a consequence of the turn from analogic to digital media, the debate around the notion of 'realist media' has acquired a newfound importance. This debate has been articulated quite often coming from the classic authors of the realist theory, within which Andre Bazin occupies a prominent position. This article analyzes some of these contemporary new readings of Bazin's thought, namely, those of Stanley Cavell, Dudley Andrew, Philip Rosen, Daniel Morgan and Lee Carruthers. All these renew the principal tenets of the French critic's theory, from the ontology of the medium to his novel understanding of the temporal dimension, linked to concepts such as ambiguity or realism. The article closes with some remarks on the actuality of Bazin's thought in relation to the new digital paradigm

Modelo de gestión para mejora continua de la empresa Quala s.a.

Imágenes, CuadrosEl presente trabajo busca un modelo de gestión estratégico que permitirá indagar sobre los problemas que puede tener el área de ventas de la compañia Quala s.a. En uno de los canales de distribución como lo es supermercados, basándonos en uno de sus clientes específicos que son los almacenes zapatoca en donde se encuentran falencias en cuanto a la gestión de la desconcentración de la venta y un manejo sano de inventarios junto con las devoluciones y averias a tiempo.No Abstrac

Factors associated with allergic rhinitis in colombian subpopulations aged 1 to 17 and 18 to 59

Background: Several studies have shown variations in the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) around the world, and different potential predisposing factors. More studies are needed on risk factors, specifically in developing countries. This study explored the association of several factors and AR among urban residents in six cities of Colombia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study and a nested case-control study were carried out between 2009 and 2010 involving two Colombian subpopulations: children/adolescents and adults. Cases were affirmative respondents to “In the past 12 months, have you (or your child) had a problem with sneezing or a running or blocked nose, when you (or your child) did not have a cold or the flu?” “Controls” were subjects who never had been diagnosed with asthma, AR or atopic eczema by a physician, and whom did not report any symptoms in the past twelve months. Weighted logistic regression was used to assess the association of different factors with case/control status. Results: Factors associated with AR in children/adolescents were family history of AR, acetaminophen consumption and high socioeconomic status. Among adults, family history of asthma, AR and atopic eczema, and cetaminophen consumption were associated with AR. Consumption of cereals among children/adolescents and eating eggs among adults showed protective associations. Conclusions: Our findings suggest the presence of previously unknown cultural, environmental and family factors associated with the presence of AR in Colombia. © 2016, AMC. All rights reserved

Calidad en las empresas que fabrican y comercializan muebles de madera en Lima, Perú, 2014

En la actualidad hablar de la gestión de calidad se ha convertido en un tema muy relevante en el ámbito empresarial, gubernamental y académico; su utilización como uno de las herramientas de gestión en los negocios ha permitido hacer mejoras en los procesos productivos, desde el proveedor de la materia prima hasta el servicio de post venta del producto a los clientes, generando satisfacción en los consumidores. La gestación y el desarrollo logrado de la gestión de la calidad en el presente siglo nos muestran un profundo interés de las organizaciones por ser cada vez más competitivos en un mundo globalizado y cambiante. Pero su aplicación en las empresas y en otras instituciones, son irregulares; no todos avanzan con la misma prioridad de implementación del TQM. En este estudio de investigación se analizó el sector industrial de las Empresas que Fabrican y Comercializan Muebles de Madera en la Ciudad de Lima, Perú. Para determinar el nivel de implementación de la gestión de la calidad en el referido sector, se utilizó el modelo de los nueve factores de la calidad señalado en el artículo, Calidad en la Empresas Latinoamericanas: El Caso Peruano (Benzaquen, 2013). En ese sentido, los resultados obtenidos al 2014 reflejan el nivel de implementación del TQM en las empresas del sector industrial de la presente tesis, el cual demuestra que está en un nivel intermedio según la escala utilizada en el instrumento TQM (Benzaquen, 2013) y su respectiva aplicación en el estudio de investigación. Este nivel de calidad alcanzado por el sector refleja la existencia de una diferencia con respecto al nivel de calidad de las empresas peruanas mencionado por Benzaquen (2013).At present to discuss about quality management has become a fundamental topic in the business, governmental and academic field. The application of quality management as one of the main tools in the modern management has allowed the improvement of the production process, from the supplier of raw materials to the customer care services, making consumer satisfaction possible. The continuous improvement and development in quality management at the present century shows that there is a profound interest from the organizations to become more competitive in a global changing world. Nevertheless, its application in companies and other institutions is irregular, since not all of them move towards the implementation of TQM. In this research study, the industrial sector of companies that fabricate and commercialize wood furniture in Lima was analyzed. In order to determine the level of implementation of the quality management in this specific sector, this research used the model of the nine quality factors mentioned in the article, Quality in Latin-American Companies: The Peruvian case. (Benzaquen, 2013) In that sense, the results obtained at 2014, reflect the level of implementation of TQM in companies related to the industrial sector of the current study, which shows that it is in an intermediate level according to the scale used in the TQM (Benzaquen, 2013) and its application in this case of study .This level of quality achieved by the sector reflects the existence of a significant difference to the quality of Peruvian companies mentioned by Benzaquen (2013).Tesi

High-latitude marginal reefs support fewer but bigger corals than their tropical counterparts

Anthropogenic impacts are typically detrimental to tropical coral reefs, but the effect of increasing environmental stress and variability on the size structure of coral communities remains poorly understood. This limits our ability to effectively conserve coral reef ecosystems because size specific dynamics are rarely incorporated. Our aim is to quantify variation in the size structure of coral populations across 20 sites along a tropical-to-subtropical environmental gradient on the east coast of Australia (~ 23 to 30°S), to determine how size structure changes with a gradient of sea surface temperature, turbidity, productivity and light levels. We use two approaches: 1) linear regression with summary statistics (such as median size) as response variables, a method frequently favoured by ecologists and 2) compositional functional regression, a novel method using entire size–frequency distributions as response variables. We then predict coral population size structure with increasing environmental stress and variability. Together, we find fewer but larger coral colonies in marginal reefs, where conditions are typically more variable and stressful, than in tropical reefs. Our model predicts that coral populations may become gradually dominated by larger colonies (> 148 cm2) with increasing environmental stress. Fewer but bigger corals suggest low survival of smaller corals, slow growth, and/or poor recruitment. This finding is concerning for the future of coral reefs, as it implies that current marginal populations, or future reefs in increasingly stressful environmental conditions may have low recovery potential. We highlight the importance of continuously monitoring changes to population structure over biogeographic scales

mu-Theraphotoxin-An1a: primary structure determination and assessment of the pharmacological activity of a promiscuous anti-insect toxin from the venom of the tarantula Acanthoscurria natalensis (Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae)

Tarantulas are included in the mygalomorph spider family Theraphosidae. Although the pharmacological diversity of theraphosid toxins (theraphotoxins) is broad, studies dedicated to the characterization of biologically active molecules from the theraphosid genus Acanthoscurria have been restricted to the investigation of antimicrobial peptides and polyamines produced by the hemocytes of Acanthoscurria gomesiana. The present study reports the purification, primary structure determination and electrophysiological effects of an anti-insect toxin, named mu-theraphotoxin-An1a (mu-TRTX-An1a), from the venom of Acanthoscurria natalensis - a tarantula species occurring in the Brazilian biomes caatinga and cerrado. The analysis of the primary structure of mu-TRTX-An1a revealed the similarity of this toxin to theraphosid toxins bearing a huwentoxin-II-like fold. Electrophysiological experiments showed that mu-TRTX-An1a (100 nM) induces membrane depolarization, increases the spontaneous firing frequency and reduces spike amplitude of cockroach dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons. In addition, under voltage-clamp conditions, mu-TRTX-An1a (100 nM) only partially blocks voltage-dependent sodium current amplitudes in DUM neurons without any effect on their voltage dependence. This effect correlates well with the reduction of the spontaneous action potential amplitudes. Altogether, these last results suggest that mu-TRTX-An1a affects insect neuronal voltage-dependent sodium channels, which are among possible channels targeted by this promiscuous toxin

The Oldest Case of Decapitation in the New World (Lapa do Santo, East-Central Brazil)

We present here evidence for an early Holocene case of decapitation in the New World (Burial 26), found in the rock shelter of Lapa do Santo in 2007. Lapa do Santo is an archaeological site located in the Lagoa Santa karst in east-central Brazil with evidence of human occupation dating as far back as 11.7-12.7 cal kyBP (95.4% interval). An ultra-filtered AMS age determination on a fragment of the sphenoid provided an age range of 9.1-9.4 cal kyBP (95.4% interval) for Burial 26. The interment was composed of an articulated cranium, mandible and first six cervical vertebrae. Cut marks with a v-shaped profile were observed in the mandible and sixth cervical vertebra. The right hand was amputated and laid over the left side of the face with distal phalanges pointing to the chin and the left hand was amputated and laid over the right side of the face with distal phalanges pointing to the forehead. Strontium analysis comparing Burial 26's isotopic signature to other specimens from Lapa do Santo suggests this was a local member of the group. Therefore, we suggest a ritualized decapitation instead of trophy-taking, testifying for the sophistication of mortuary rituals among hunter-gatherers in the Americas during the early Archaic period. In the apparent absence of wealth goods or elaborated architecture, Lapa do Santo's inhabitants seemed to use the human body to express their cosmological principles regarding death