La representación de la niñez, la feminidad y el feminismo

Maya Butler – University College London - 0000-0002-0273-9365Miriam E. Aguasanta-Regalado – Universitat de Valencia - 0000-0003-2917-4111Héctor Saiz-Fernández – Universitat de Valencia - 0000-0002-6340-1149Mónica López Iglesias – Universitat de Valencia - 0000-0002-1935-6299Recepción: 16.06.2022 | Aceptado: 23.01.2023Correspondencia a través de ORCID: Miriam E. Aguasanta Regalado - 0000-0003-2917-4111Área o categoría del conocimiento: Educación mediáticaAbstract: Nowadays, media has become one of the main sources of education, complementing the educational process of schools and families. In this way, television series are creators of narratives that alter the perception of one's own identity and of society. In this article, we analyse the representation of gender in three selected episodes from one of the most popular series on Netflix that promotes a feminist narrative, Sex Education. As a methodological approach to describe and analyse the representations of womanhood and feminism, we use critical discourse analysis (CDA) from a gender perspective. We have found that the female protagonists are represented as being subject to adversity as a result of misogyny that they, at times, also perform alongside their male counterparts. Nonetheless, they act in solidarity with each other when this adversity arises given their shared experiences of misogyny which helps them to come to some sort of resolution that brings them closer together, and in some cases, they have access to resources to give them moments of catharsis or closure. We consider that media literacy is the ideal strategy to develop the capacity for critical analysis of audio-visual content and to introduce the analysis of gender representations in the media.Resumen: Hoy en día los medios de comunicación se han convertido en una de las principales fuentes de educación, complementando el proceso educativo de las escuelas y las familias. De esta forma, las series de televisión son creadoras de narrativas que alteran la percepción de la propia identidad y de la sociedad. En este artículo, analizamos la representación de género en tres episodios de una de las series más populares en Netflix que promueve una narrativa feminista, Sex Education. Como aproximación metodológica para describir y analizar las representaciones de la feminidad y la feminidad, utilizamos el análisis crítico del discurso (ACD) desde una perspectiva de género. Hemos encontrado que mientras que las protagonistas femeninas son representadas como sujetas a la adversidad como resultado de la misoginia y a veces también realizan junto a sus contrapartes masculinas dicha acción. Sin embargo, se observa que se presenta una solidaridad grupal cuando entienden que comparten experiencias de misoginia que los ayuda a llegar a algún tipo de resolución que les une. Consideramos que la alfabetización mediática es la estrategia idónea para desarrollar la capacidad de análisis crítico de los contenidos audiovisuales e introducir el análisis de las representaciones de género en los medios.JUT

Metal solution precursors: their role during the synthesis of MoVTeNb mixed oxide catalysts

[EN] Synthesized via the slurry method and activated at high temperature (873 K), MoVTeNb multimetallic mixed oxides are applied to catalyze the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene (ODHE). Mixed oxides typically contain M1 and M2 crystalline phases, the relative contribution of these phases and the respective catalytic behaviour being notably influenced by the preparation conditions of the metallic aqueous solution precursor, given the complexity of the chemical interactions of metal species in solution. Thus, detailed in situ UV-vis and Raman studies of the chemical species formed in solution during each step of the synthetic procedure are presented herein. The main role of vanadium is to form decavanadate ions, which interact with Mo species to generate an Anderson-type structure. When niobium oxalate solution is added into the MoVTe solution, a yellow-coloured gel is immediately formed due to a common ion effect. When liquid and gel phases are separated, the M1 crystalline phase is produced solely from the gel phase. Attention is also devoted to the influence and role of each metal cation (Mo, V, Te and Nb) on the formation of the active M1 crystalline phase and the catalytic behaviour in the ODHE. The catalyst constituted mostly of M1 crystalline phase is able to convert 45% of the fed ethane, with a selectivity to ethylene of around 90%.This work was financially supported by the Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo (IMP) Project D.61010. EMF thanks CONACyT Mexico and IMP. JMLN thanks DGICYT in Spain (Project CTQ2015-68951-C3-1-R).Sánchez-Valente, J.; Maya-Flores, E.; Armendariz-Herrera, H.; Quintana-Solorzano, R.; López Nieto, JM. (2018). Metal solution precursors: their role during the synthesis of MoVTeNb mixed oxide catalysts. Catalysis Science & Technology. 8(12):3123-3132. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cy00750kS31233132812Ushikubo, T., Oshima, K., Kayou, A., Vaarkamp, M., & Hatano, M. (1997). Ammoxidation of Propane over Catalysts Comprising Mixed Oxides of Mo and V. Journal of Catalysis, 169(1), 394-396. doi:10.1006/jcat.1997.1692Ushikubo, T., Oshima, K., Kayou, A., & Hatano, M. (1997). Ammoxidation of propane over Mo-V-Nb-Te mixed oxide catalysts. Spillover and Migration of Surface Species on Catalysts, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Spillover, 473-480. doi:10.1016/s0167-2991(97)80871-3Ushikubo, T. (2000). Recent topics of research and development of catalysis by niobium and tantalum oxides. Catalysis Today, 57(3-4), 331-338. doi:10.1016/s0920-5861(99)00344-2Ueda, W., & Oshihara, K. (2000). Selective oxidation of light alkanes over hydrothermally synthesized Mo-V-M-O (M=Al, Ga, Bi, Sb, and Te) oxide catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General, 200(1-2), 135-143. doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(00)00627-xWatanabe, H., & Koyasu, Y. (2000). New synthesis route for Mo–V–Nb–Te mixed oxides catalyst for propane ammoxidation. Applied Catalysis A: General, 194-195, 479-485. doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(99)00394-4Botella, P., Solsona, B., Martinez-Arias, A., & López Nieto, J. M. (2001). Catalysis Letters, 74(3/4), 149-154. doi:10.1023/a:1016614132694Oshihara, K., Hisano, T., & Ueda, W. (2001). Topics in Catalysis, 15(2/4), 153-160. doi:10.1023/a:1016630307377Botella, P., López Nieto, J. M., Solsona, B., Mifsud, A., & Márquez, F. (2002). The Preparation, Characterization, and Catalytic Behavior of MoVTeNbO Catalysts Prepared by Hydrothermal Synthesis. Journal of Catalysis, 209(2), 445-455. doi:10.1006/jcat.2002.3648Millet, J. M. M., Roussel, H., Pigamo, A., Dubois, J. L., & Jumas, J. C. (2002). Characterization of tellurium in MoVTeNbO catalysts for propane oxidation or ammoxidation. Applied Catalysis A: General, 232(1-2), 77-92. doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(02)00078-9DeSanto Jr., P., Buttrey, D. J., Grasselli, R. K., Lugmair, C. G., Volpe, A. F., Toby, B. H., & Vogt, T. (2003). 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Catalysis Today, 91-92, 241-245. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2004.03.040Ivars, F., Botella, P., Dejoz, A., Nieto, J. M. L., Concepción, P., & Vázquez, M. I. (2006). Selective oxidation of short-chain alkanes over hydrothermally prepared MoVTeNbO catalysts. Topics in Catalysis, 38(1-3), 59-67. doi:10.1007/s11244-006-0071-0Botella, P., Dejoz, A., Abello, M. C., Vázquez, M. I., Arrúa, L., & López Nieto, J. M. (2009). Selective oxidation of ethane: Developing an orthorhombic phase in Mo–V–X (X=Nb, Sb, Te) mixed oxides. Catalysis Today, 142(3-4), 272-277. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2008.09.016Deniau, B., Millet, J. M. M., Loridant, S., Christin, N., & Dubois, J. L. (2008). Effect of several cationic substitutions in the M1 active phase of the MoVTeNbO catalysts used for the oxidation of propane to acrylic acid. Journal of Catalysis, 260(1), 30-36. doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2008.08.020SOLSONA, B., VAZQUEZ, M., IVARS, F., DEJOZ, A., CONCEPCION, P., & LOPEZNIETO, J. (2007). 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Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations in patients of african descent with early-onset and familial Colombian breast cancer

Q2Q1Familias afrocolombianas afectadas por cáncer de mama y ovarioBackground: Pathogenic germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) genes contribute to hereditary breast/ovarian cancer (OC) in White/mestizo Colombian women. As there is virtually no genetic data on breast cancer (BC) in Colombians of African descent, we conducted a comprehensive BRCA1/2 mutational analysis of 60 Afro-Colombian families affected by breast/OC. Materials and Methods: Mutation screening of the complete BRCA1/2 genes for small-scale mutations and large genomic alterations was performed in these families using next-generation sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis. Results: Four pathogenic germline mutations, including one novel mutation, were identified, comprising 3 in BRCA1 and one in BRCA2. The prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutations, including one BRCA1 founder mutation (c.5123C>A) previously identified in this sample set, was 3.9% (2/51) in female BC-affected families and 33.3% (3/9) in those affected by both breast and OC. Haplotype analysis of 2 BRCA2_c.2701delC carriers (one Afro-Colombian and one previously identified White/mestizo Colombian patient with BC) suggested that the mutation arose in a common ancestor. Conclusion: Our data showed that 2/5 (40%) mutations (including the one previously identified in this sample set) are shared by White/mestizo Colombian and Afro-Colombian populations. This suggests that these 2 populations are closely related. Nevertheless, variations in the BRCA1/2 mutational spectrum among Afro-Colombian subgroups from different regions of the country were observed, suggesting that specific genetic risk assessment strategies need to be developed.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1903-9621https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6444-7248https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3649-9515https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9879-9775Revista Internacional - IndexadaA1N

Magnesium Exchanged Zirconium Metal−Organic Frameworks with Improved Detoxification Properties of Nerve Agents

UiO-66, MOF-808 and NU-1000 metal-organic frameworks exhibit a differentiated reactivity toward [Mg(OMe)2(MeOH)2]4 related to their pore accessibility. Microporous UiO-66 remains unchanged while mesoporous MOF-808 and hierarchical micro/mesoporous NU-1000 materials yield doped systems containing exposed MgZr5O2(OH)6 clusters in the mesoporous cavities. This modification is responsible for a remarkable enhancement of the catalytic activity toward the hydrolytic degradation of P-F and P-S bonds of toxic nerve agents, at room temperature, in unbuffered aqueous solutions

Building development and roads: implications for the distribution of stone curlews across the Brecks

Background: Substantial new housing and infrastructure development planned within England has the potential to conflict with the nature conservation interests of protected sites. The Breckland area of eastern England (the Brecks) is designated as a Special Protection Area for a number of bird species, including the stone curlew (for which it holds more than 60% of the UK total population). We explore the effect of buildings and roads on the spatial distribution of stone curlew nests across the Brecks in order to inform strategic development plans to avoid adverse effects on such European protected sites. Methodology: Using data across all years (and subsets of years) over the period 1988 – 2006 but restricted to habitat areas of arable land with suitable soils, we assessed nest density in relation to the distances to nearest settlements and to major roads. Measures of the local density of nearby buildings, roads and traffic levels were assessed using normal kernel distance-weighting functions. Quasi-Poisson generalised linear mixed models allowing for spatial auto-correlation were fitted. Results: Significantly lower densities of stone curlew nests were found at distances up to 1500m from settlements, and distances up to 1000m or more from major (trunk) roads. The best fitting models involved optimally distance-weighted variables for the extent of nearby buildings and the trunk road traffic levels. Significance : The results and predictions from this study of past data suggests there is cause for concern that future housing development and associated road infrastructure within the Breckland area could have negative impacts on the nesting stone curlew population. Given the strict legal protection afforded to the SPA the planning and conservation bodies have subsequently agreed precautionary restrictions on building development within the distances identified and used the modelling predictions to agree mitigation measures for proposed trunk road developments

Does native Trypanosoma cruzi calreticulin mediate growth inhibition of a mammary tumor during infection?

Indexación: Web of Science.Background: For several decades now an antagonism between Trypanosoma cruzi infection and tumor development has been detected. The molecular basis of this phenomenon remained basically unknown until our proposal that T. cruzi Calreticulin (TcCRT), an endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperone, translocated-externalized by the parasite, may mediate at least an important part of this effect. Thus, recombinant TcCRT (rTcCRT) has important in vivo antiangiogenic and antitumor activities. However, the relevant question whether the in vivo antitumor effect of T. cruzi infection is indeed mediated by the native chaperone (nTcCRT), remains open. Herein, by using specific modified anti-rTcCRT antibodies (Abs), we have neutralized the antitumor activity of T. cruzi infection and extracts thereof, thus identifying nTcCRT as a valid mediator of this effect. Methods: Polyclonal anti-rTcCRT F(ab')(2) Ab fragments were used to reverse the capacity of rTcCRT to inhibit EAhy926 endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, as detected by BrdU uptake. Using these F(ab')(2) fragments, we also challenged the capacity of nTcCRT, during T. cruzi infection, to inhibit the growth of an aggressive mammary adenocarcinoma cell line (TA3-MTXR) in mice. Moreover, we determined the capacity of anti-rTcCRT Abs to reverse the antitumor effect of an epimastigote extract (EE). Finally, the effects of these treatments on tumor histology were evaluated. Results: The rTcCRT capacity to inhibit ECs proliferation was reversed by anti-rTcCRT F(ab')(2) Ab fragments, thus defining them as valid probes to interfere in vivo with this important TcCRT function. Consequently, during infection, these Ab fragments also reversed the in vivo experimental mammary tumor growth. Moreover, anti-rTcCRT Abs also neutralized the antitumor effect of an EE, again identifying the chaperone protein as an important mediator of this anti mammary tumor effect. Finally, as determined by conventional histological parameters, in infected animals and in those treated with EE, less invasive tumors were observed while, as expected, treatment with F(ab')(2) Ab fragments increased malignancy. Conclusion: We have identified translocated/externalized nTcCRT as responsible for at least an important part of the anti mammary tumor effect of the chaperone observed during experimental infections with T. cruzi.http://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-016-2764-

Can scenario-planning support community-based natural resource management? Experiences from three countries in latin america

Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) is a concept critical to managing socio-ecological systems, but whose implementation needs strengthening. Scenario-planning is one approach that may offer benefits relevant to CBNRM, but whose potential is not yet well understood. We therefore designed, trialled and evaluated a scenario-planning method intended to support CBNRM at three cases, located in Colombia, Mexico and Argentina. Implementing scenario-planning was judged as worthwhile in all three cases, although aspects of it could be challenging to facilitate. The benefits generated were relevant to strengthening CBNRM: encouraging the participation of local people and using their knowledge; enhanced consideration and adaption of future change; and supporting the development of systems thinking. Tracing exactly when and how these benefits arise is challenging, but two elements of the method seemed particularly useful. Firstly, using a systematic approach to discuss how drivers of change may affect local socio-ecological systems helped to foster systems thinking and identify connections between issues. Secondly, explicitly focusing on how to use and respond to scenarios helped identify specific practical activities ('response options') that would support CBNRM despite the pressures of future change. Discussions about response options also highlighted the need for support by other actors (e.g. policy groups): this raises the question of when and how other actors and other sources of knowledge should be involved in scenario-planning, so as to encourage their buy-in to actions identified by the process. We suggest other CBNRM initiatives may benefit from adapting and applying scenario-planning. However, these initiatives should be carefully monitored since further research is required to understand how and when scenario-planning methods may produce benefits, and their strengths and weaknesses versus other methods

Investigations of the Mars Upper Atmosphere with ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

The Martian mesosphere and thermosphere, the region above about 60 km, is not the primary target of the ExoMars 2016 mission but its Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) can explore it and address many interesting issues, either in-situ during the aerobraking period or remotely during the regular mission. In the aerobraking phase TGO peeks into thermospheric densities and temperatures, in a broad range of latitudes and during a long continuous period. TGO carries two instruments designed for the detection of trace species, NOMAD and ACS, which will use the solar occultation technique. Their regular sounding at the terminator up to very high altitudes in many different molecular bands will represent the first time that an extensive and precise dataset of densities and hopefully temperatures are obtained at those altitudes and local times on Mars. But there are additional capabilities in TGO for studying the upper atmosphere of Mars, and we review them briefly. Our simulations suggest that airglow emissions from the UV to the IR might be observed outside the terminator. If eventually confirmed from orbit, they would supply new information about atmospheric dynamics and variability. However, their optimal exploitation requires a special spacecraft pointing, currently not considered in the regular operations but feasible in our opinion. We discuss the synergy between the TGO instruments, specially the wide spectral range achieved by combining them. We also encourage coordinated operations with other Mars-observing missions capable of supplying simultaneous measurements of its upper atmosphere

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality