Using Concept Maps to improve Scientific Communications

Scientic talks, like scientic papers, are an important part of the scientic communication process. Good oral presentation skills, are vital to educational sciences, as well as to many other fields. In the engineering community, such presentations offer, a quick outline of project proposals and progress reports. In the academic community, the ability to clearly transmit scientic information, in an oral presentation, is critical to both teaching and research. Over the last years, it has become apparent, to many educational researchers, that representing knowledge, in a visual format, allows one to better recognize and understand, incoming information. Since Novak, placed concept mapping on the educational agenda, it has become an increasingly popular advanced teaching and learning tool. Due mainly to the innovation of visual design software like CmapTool, the production and modication of Concept Maps is straightforward. While there are no strict rules about how to give a motivating and compelling presentation, there are some guiding principles which are easy to grasp and apply. The modern scientist must be able to create well organized, well delivered scientic talks. In this context, Concept Maps harness the power of our vision to understand complex information. We propose some ideas and resources based, on the use of concept maps to make the process of preparing and organizing good talks easier. In essence, good scientic talks must satisfy the following three goals: to connect with the audience, to direct and hold attention, and to promote understanding and memory. To accomplish these goals talk material must be elaborated carefully and logically. The plan to achieve them should have four parts: preparation, structure, design, and exposition. We focus our work on the first two parts of the plan, and supply some helpful guidelines on efective ways to prepare the scientic information, using conceptual maps with the software CmapTool

Neuroimaging reveals distinct brain glucose metabolism patterns associated with morphine consumption in Lewis and Fischer 344 rat strains.

Vulnerability to addiction may be given by the individual's risk of developing an addiction during their lifetime. A challenge in the neurobiology of drug addiction is understanding why some people become addicted to drugs. Here, we used positron emission tomography (PET) and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) to evaluate changes in brain glucose metabolism in response to chronic morphine self-administration (MSA) in two rat strains with different vulnerability to drug abuse, Lewis (LEW) and Fischer 344 (F344). Four groups of animals were trained to self-administer morphine or saline for 15 days. 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG)-PET studies were performed on the last day of MSA (acquisition phase) and after 15 days of withdrawal. PET data were analyzed using SPM12. LEW-animals self-administered more morphine injections per session than F344-animals. We found significant brain metabolic differences between LEW and F344 strains in the cortex, hypothalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum. In addition, the different brain metabolic patterns observed after the MSA study between these rat strains indicate differences in the efficiency of neural substrates to translate the drug effects, which could explain the differences in predisposition to morphine abuse between one individual and another. These findings have important implications for the use of these rat strains in translational morphine and opiate research.MLS was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (projects PI17/01766, and grant BA21/00030), co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), “A way to make Europe”, CIBERSAM, Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (2017/085), Fundación Mapfre, and Fundación Alicia Koplowitz. EA was supported by grants from Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad and Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RTA-RD16/020/0022), Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (2016I073), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PSI2016-80541-P), UNED (Plan de Promoción de la Investigación 2018–2020), and the European Union´s Justice Programme – Drugs Policy Initiatives (JUST-2017-AG-DRUGS- 806996-JUSTSO). NLR was supported by Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, "Programa Intramural de Impulso a la I + D + I 2019″. MD work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) and Insituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PT20/00044). The CNIC is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN), and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV‐2015‐0505).S

La Imagen y la Narrativa como Herramientas para el Abordaje Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia. Departamentos de Boyacá y Cundinamarca

El siguiente documento dará cuenta del análisis y reflexión sobre dos casos de violencia a causa del conflicto armado en Colombia, el primero, Relato de Camilo, un joven afrodescendiente que fue víctima del conflicto armado durante varios años, situación que lo llevo a considerar que padece un trauma psicosocial y a tomar decisiones de vida complejas, para este caso se proponen preguntas de tipo estratégico, circular y reflexivo, para buscar un acercamiento psicosocial que permita a través de la ética, ayudarlo a superar la situación vivida de una manera positiva. El segundo caso, es el de Peñas Coloradas, una comunidad autónoma en muchas áreas que fue violentada por las fuerzas militares, convirtiéndolos en desplazados, despojados de todo y tildados de colaboradores de la guerrilla, para este caso se llevó a cabo un análisis del relato y el cuestionamiento sobre los emergentes psicosociales que se pueden identificar, así como el impacto que puede generar la estigmatización a la que fueron sometidos. Se propone como estrategias de abordaje psicosocial, dos acciones de apoyo en la situación de crisis generada por el desarraigo sufrido, y tres estrategias psicosociales con la comunidad para potenciar los recursos de afrontamiento a la situación expresada. Finalmente el escrito propone mediante la imagen y la narrativa, herramientas como el Foto Voz para fortalecer acciones que permitan la construcción de memoria histórica, que la imagen se utilice como registro de lo ocurrido en el país y así contribuir en la no repetición de este tipo de actos violentos, es de resaltar la importancia que tienen las herramientas metodológicas como el Foto Voz, para identificar las diferentes variables psicosociales que afectan a la población vulnerable de todo tipo de violencia y a las víctimas de conflicto armado en el país.The following document will give an account of the analysis and reflection on two cases of violence due to the armed conflict in Colombia, the first, Story of Camilo, a young Afro-descendant who was a victim of the armed conflict for several years, a situation that led him to consider that he suffers a psychosocial trauma and making complex life decisions, for this case strategic, circular and reflective questions are proposed, to seek a psychosocial approach that allows through ethics, help you overcome the situation experienced in a positive way. The second case is that of Peñas Coloradas, an autonomous community in many areas that was violated by the military forces, making them displaced, stripped of everything and branded as guerrilla collaborators, for this case an analysis of the story was carried out and the questioning of the psychosocial emergencies that can be identified, as well as the impact that the stigmatization to which they were subjected can generate. It is proposed as psychosocial approach strategies, two support actions in the crisis situation generated by the uprooting suffered, and three psychosocial strategies with the community to enhance the resources to cope with the expressed situation. Finally, the writing proposes, through the image and the narrative, tools such as the Photo Voice to strengthen actions that allow the construction of historical memory, that the image is used as a record of what happened in the country and thus contribute to the non-repetition of this type of violent acts, it is worth highlighting the importance of methodological tools such as Photo Voice, to identify the different psychosocial variables that affect the vulnerable population of all types of violence and victims of armed conflict in the country

Cancer mortality inequalities in urban areas: a Bayesian small area analysis in Spanish cities

Background: Intra-urban inequalities in mortality have been infrequently analysed in European contexts. The aim of the present study was to analyse patterns of cancer mortality and their relationship with socioeconomic deprivation in small areas in 11 Spanish cities. Methods: It is a cross-sectional ecological design using mortality data (years 1996-2003). Units of analysis were the census tracts. A deprivation index was calculated for each census tract. In order to control the variability in estimating the risk of dying we used Bayesian models. We present the RR of the census tract with the highest deprivation vs. the census tract with the lowest deprivation. Results: In the case of men, socioeconomic inequalities are observed in total cancer mortality in all cities, except in Castellon, Cordoba and Vigo, while Barcelona (RR = 1.53 95%CI 1.42-1.67), Madrid (RR = 1.57 95%CI 1.49-1.65) and Seville (RR = 1.53 95%CI 1.36-1.74) present the greatest inequalities. In general Barcelona and Madrid, present inequalities for most types of cancer. Among women for total cancer mortality, inequalities have only been found in Barcelona and Zaragoza. The excess number of cancer deaths due to socioeconomic deprivation was 16,413 for men and 1,142 for women. Conclusion: This study has analysed inequalities in cancer mortality in small areas of cities in Spain, not only relating this mortality with socioeconomic deprivation, but also calculating the excess mortality which may be attributed to such deprivation. This knowledge is particularly useful to determine which geographical areas in each city need intersectorial policies in order to promote a healthy environment.This article was partially supported by Fondo de Investigaciones Ssanitarias (FIS) projects numbers PI042013, PI040041, PI040170, PI040069, PI042602 PI040388, PI040489, PI042098 , PI041260, PI040399, PI081488 and by the CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain and by the program of “Intensificación de la Actividad Investigadora (Carme Borrell)” funded by the “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” and “Departament de Salut. Generalitat de Catalunya”

Flavonoids quantification in Acer negundo L., extracts by hplc analysis

a) objective: The objective of this work was to identify and quantify flavonoids from leaf and stem extracts of Acer negundo by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. b) design / methodology / approach: Ethanolic extracts of Acer negundo were subjected to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the quantification and identification of the main antioxidant flavonoids. c) results: In leaf extracts the highest concentrations were for rutin (34.19 µg/mL) and catechin (33.97 µg/mL); in mean concentration apigenin (19.05 µg/mL), gallic acid (19. 04 µg/mL), ferulic acid (17.2 µg/mL) and 2.5 dihydroxybenzoic acid (12.72 µg/mL); and in lower concentration caffeic acid (6.15 µg/mL), quercetin-3-?-glucoside (4.97 µg/mL) and isorhamnetin (4.68 µg/mL). In the stem extracts the highest concentrations were for ferulic acid (7.96 µg/mL), rutin (5.61 µg/mL) and catechin (4.37 µg/mL); at the medium concentration isorhamnetin (3.31 µg/mL) and quercetin-3-?-glucoside (2.01 µg/mL) were identified and at the lowest concentration apigenin (0.79 µg/mL) was identified but gallic acid, caffeic acid and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid were not detected. d) limitations/implications: Some flavonoids have been identified in other Acer species, but have not been identified and quantified in Acer negundo, a Mexican species. e) findings/conclusions: For the first time we report on gentisic acid in Acer negundo leaf extracts. This analytical method can be standardized to serve as a quality analysis of maple tree products.Objective: The identify and quantify, by high performance liquid chromatography,Nflavonoids from leaf and stem extracts of Acer negundo.Design/methodology/approach: Ethanolic extracts of Acer negundo were analysed with high performance liquid chromatography to quantify and identify their major antioxidant flavonoids.Results: Leaf extracts had high concentrations of rutin (34.19 µg/mL) and catechin (33.97 µg/mL), intermediate concentrations of apigenin (19.05 µg/mL), gallic acid (19.04 µg/mL), ferulic acid (17.2 µg/mL) and 2.5 dihydroxybenzoic acid (12.72 µg/mL), and low concentrations of caffeic acid (6.15 µg/mL), quercetin-3-β-glucoside (4.97 µg/mL) and isorhamnetin (4.68 µg/mL). In the stem´s extracts, the highest concentrations were of ferulic acid (7.96 µg/mL), rutin (5.61 µg/mL) and catechin (4.37 µg/mL); medium concentration were identified for isorhamnetin (3.31 µg/mL) and quercetin-3-β-glucoside (2.01 µg/mL) and apigenin (0.79 µg/mL) was identified at the low concentrations. Gallic acid, caffeic acid or 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid were not detected.Limitations/implications: Some flavonoids have been identified in other Acer species but have not been identified and quantified in Acer negundo, a Mexicanspecies.Findings/conclusions: For the first time we report gentisic acid in Acer negundo leaf extracts. This analytical method can be standardized to serve as a qualityanalysis of maple tree products

Estudos Artísticos

Há um compromisso entre o artista e a sociedade. Não é possível retirar a arte do seu contexto social. Neste projecto, em que se desafiam os criadores a pesquisar a obra de outros criadores, reúnem-se aqueles artigos que melhor demonstram a responsabilidade e a solidariedade entre os criadores e os seus pares sociais. São obras, artistas, projetos, plataformas de intervenção, projetos que enfatizam as relações sociais como suporte. Sob esta temática geral foram reunidos 25 artigos para este número 6 da Revista Croma, em linhas de exploração variadas e mantendo a elevada internacionalização da revista: mais de noventa por cento das publicações são exógenas à Faculdade de Belas-Artes da Universidade de Lisboa ou do CIEBA, a sua unidade de investigação. Este é um indicador procurado e atingido de modo consistente em todos os exemplares publicados até hoje, e que se espera poder afirmar com continuidade. As diferentes perspetivas apresentadas nos variados artigos expõe a obra de autores que exploram dimensões relacionais ou perante as quais o espectador é convocado a deslocar o seu posicionamento, a desassossegar-se. A implicação surge como resultado da articulação expressiva dos recursos mais variados, em constante mistura, exibindo o modo como as dimensões materiais e ideais são fundadoras das diversas propostas. Nesta revista não há indiferença, há diferenças.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Ciencia Odontológica 2.0

Libro que muestra avances de la Investigación Odontológica en MéxicoEs para los integrantes de la Red de Investigación en Estomatología (RIE) una enorme alegría presentar el segundo de una serie de 6 libros sobre casos clínicos, revisiones de la literatura e investigaciones. La RIE está integrada por cuerpos académicos de la UAEH, UAEM, UAC y UdeG

Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 12

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 12, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR), Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTAG), Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kleber Ramírez (UPTM), Mérida – Venezuela; Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (C.A.B.B.O.P.P), Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE), Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia - Venezuela, Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CIN), Antioquia - Colombia.y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso

HARMONI at ELT: project status and instrument overview

International audienceHARMONI is the first light visible and near-IR integral field spectrograph for the ELT. It covers a large spectral range from 450 nm to 2450 nm with resolving powers from 3500 to 18000 and spatial sampling from 60 mas to 4 mas. It can operate in two Adaptive Optics modes - SCAO (including a High Contrast capability) and LTAO - or with NOAO. The project is preparing for Final Design Reviews. HARMONI is a work-horse instrument that provides efficient, spatially resolved spectroscopy of extended objects or crowded fields of view. The gigantic leap in sensitivity and spatial resolution that HARMONI at the ELT will enable promises to transform the landscape in observational astrophysics in the coming decade. The project has undergone some key changes to the leadership and management structure over the last two years. We present the salient elements of the project restructuring, and modifications to the technical specifications. The instrument design is very mature in the lead up to the final design review. In this paper, we provide an overview of the instrument's capabilities, details of recent technical changes during the red flag period, and an update of sensitivities