LexMeta model za leksičke resurse: teorija i primjena

This paper presents LexMeta, a metadata model for the description of lexical resources, such as dictionaries, word lists, glossaries, etc., to be used in language data catalogues mainly targeting the lexicographic and broader humanities communities but also users exploiting such resources in their research and applications. A comparative review of similar models is made in order to show the differences and commonalities with LexMeta. To enhance semantic interoperability and support the exchange of (meta)data across disciplinary and general catalogues, the most influential models for our purposes, namely FRBR (used in library catalogues) and META-SHARE (used for language resources), are selected as a base for the design of LexMeta. We discuss how these models are aligned and extended with new properties as required for the description of lexical resources. The formal representation of the model following the Linked Data paradigm aims to further enhance the semantic interoperability. The choice to implement it in two formats (as an RDF/OWL and as a Wikibase ontology) facilitates its adoption and hence its enrichment, yet poses challenges as to their synchronisation, which are addressed through automatic workflows. We conclude with ongoing and planned activities for the improvement of the model.Rad opisuje LexMeta, metapodatkovni model za opis leksičkih resursa kao što su rječnici, popisi riječi, glosari i dr., koji će se upotrebljavati u katalozima podataka namijenjenima leksikografskoj i široj humanističkoj zajednici, ali i korisnicima koji upotreblajvaju takve modele u istraživanjima i praktičnoj primjeni. U radu je dan usporedni pregled sličnih modela kako bi se pokazale razlike i sličnosti s LexMetom. Kako bi se poboljšala semantička interoperabilnost i podržala razmjena (meta) podataka između strukovnih i općih kataloga, kao temelj za dizajn LexMeta odabrani su najutjecajniji modeli, naime FRBR koji se upotrebljava u knjižničnim katalozima i META-SHARE koji se upotrebljava za jezične resurse. Rad donosi raspravu o tome kako su ti modeli usklađeni i prošireni novim značajkama potrebnima za opis leksičkih izvora. Formalni prikaz modela koji slijedi paradigmu povezanih podataka ima za cilj dodatno poboljšati semantičku interoperabilnost. Izbor da se implementira u dva formata (kao RDF/OWL i kao ontologija Wikibase) olakšava njegovo usvajanje, a time i obogaćivanje, ali i postavlja izazove koji se tiču sinkronizacije formata, koji se rješavaju automatskim tijekovima rada. Zaključujemo rad s opisom tekućih i planiranih aktivnosti na unapređenju modela

A COVID-19 isolation facility for people experiencing homelessness in Berlin, Germany: a retrospective patient record study

Introduction: People experiencing homelessness (PEH) are disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. For many PEH it is impossible to isolate due to the lack of permanent housing. Therefore, an isolation facility for SARS-CoV-2 positive PEH was opened in Berlin, Germany, in May 2020, offering medical care, opioid and alcohol substitution therapy and social services. This study aimed to assess the needs of the admitted patients and requirements of the facility. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective patient record study carried out in the isolation facility for PEH in Berlin, from December 2020 to June 2021. We extracted demographic and clinical data including observed psychological distress from records of all PEH tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. Data on duration and completion of isolation and the use of the facilities' services were analyzed. The association of patients' characteristics with the completion of isolation was assessed by Student's t-test or Fisher's exact test. Results: A total of 139 patients were included in the study (89% male, mean age 45 years, 41% with comorbidities, 41% non-German speakers). 81% of patients were symptomatic (median duration 5 days, range 1-26). The median length of stay at the facility was 14 days (range 2-41). Among the patients, 80% had non-COVID-19 related medical conditions, 46% required alcohol substitution and 17% opioid substitution therapy. Three patients were hospitalized due to low oxygen saturation. No deaths occurred. Psychological distress was observed in 20%, and social support services were used by 65% of PEH. The majority (82%) completed the required isolation period according to the health authority's order. We did not observe a statistically significant association between completion of the isolation period and sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusion: The specialized facility allowed PEH a high compliance with completion of the isolation period. Medical care, opioid and alcohol substitution, psychological care, language mediation and social support are essential components to address the specific needs of PEH. Besides contributing to infection prevention and control, isolation facilities may allow better access to medical care for SARS-CoV-2 infected PEH with possibly positive effects on the disease course

THE TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE OF MIDDLE-SIZED RESTAURANTS IN THE NETHERLANDS SUITABLE FOR PLACING INDONESIAN STUDENT TRAINEES

Organizational culture plays a great influence in determining the success of one's performance in an organization. If someone fits with an organization's culture, it will be easier for him to adapt and perform at his best; but if not then he will experience lots of difficulties which will affect his performance. This study is intended to analyze the types of organizational culture of middle-sized restaurants in the Netherlands which is suitable for placing Indonesian student trainees to minimize problems appearing during their internship placement

Transforming knowledge systems for life on Earth : Visions of future systems and how to get there

Formalised knowledge systems, including universities and research institutes, are important for contemporary societies. They are, however, also arguably failing humanity when their impact is measured against the level of progress being made in stimulating the societal changes needed to address challenges like climate change. In this research we used a novel futures-oriented and participatory approach that asked what future envisioned knowledge systems might need to look like and how we might get there. Findings suggest that envisioned future systems will need to be much more collaborative, open, diverse, egalitarian, and able to work with values and systemic issues. They will also need to go beyond producing knowledge about our world to generating wisdom about how to act within it. To get to envisioned systems we will need to rapidly scale methodological innovations, connect innovators, and creatively accelerate learning about working with intractable challenges. We will also need to create new funding schemes, a global knowledge commons, and challenge deeply held assumptions. To genuinely be a creative force in supporting longevity of human and non-human life on our planet, the shift in knowledge systems will probably need to be at the scale of the enlightenment and speed of the scientific and technological revolution accompanying the second World War. This will require bold and strategic action from governments, scientists, civic society and sustained transformational intent.Peer reviewe

Transforming knowledge systems for life on Earth: Visions of future systems and how to get there

Formalised knowledge systems, including universities and research institutes, are important for contemporary societies. They are, however, also arguably failing humanity when their impact is measured against the level of progress being made in stimulating the societal changes needed to address challenges like climate change. In this research we used a novel futures-oriented and participatory approach that asked what future envisioned knowledge systems might need to look like and how we might get there. Findings suggest that envisioned future systems will need to be much more collaborative, open, diverse, egalitarian, and able to work with values and systemic issues. They will also need to go beyond producing knowledge about our world to generating wisdom about how to act within it. To get to envisioned systems we will need to rapidly scale methodological innovations, connect innovators, and creatively accelerate learning about working with intractable challenges. We will also need to create new funding schemes, a global knowledge commons, and challenge deeply held assumptions. To genuinely be a creative force in supporting longevity of human and non-human life on our planet, the shift in knowledge systems will probably need to be at the scale of the enlightenment and speed of the scientific and technological revolution accompanying the second World War. This will require bold and strategic action from governments, scientists, civic society and sustained transformational intent