Effects of Easy-to-Use Protein-Rich Energy Bar on Energy Balance, Physical Activity and Performance during 8 Days of Sustained Physical Exertion

WOS:000312384500021Peer reviewe

Pearson correlation coefficient between physical activity, energy availability and water balance and questionnaire data during the 8-day training course.

***<p>P<0.001,</p>**<p>P<0.01,</p>*<p>P<0.05.</p

Changes in body composition during the 8-day training course in the control and Ebar groups.

<p>*** P<0.001, significant change during the training course.</p

Questionnaire responses during the 8-day training course among the control and Ebar groups.

<p>Difference compared to: control ## P<0.01, # P<0.05; -6 PRE ∧∧∧ P<0.001, ∧ P<0.05; PRE ***P<0.001, **P<0.01, *P<0.05; MID $ P<0.001, P<0.01, $ P<0.05; POST ¤¤¤ P<0.001, ¤¤ P<0.01, ¤ P<0.05.</p

Changes (%) in physical performance in the control and Ebar groups during the study.

<p>Differences in change compared to the controls ## P<0.01. Differences in absolute change within the group compared to: -6 PRE ∧∧∧ P<0.001, ∧ P<0.05; PRE ***P<0.001, **P<0.01; MID $ P<0.05.</p

Energy intake, macronutrient composition of the consumed food and water balance during the 8-day training course among the control and Ebar groups.

<p>Values are mean ± SD.</p>a<p>Estimated from food recods.</p>b<p>Energy availability  =  energy intake/basal metabolic rate estimated by the equation of Schofield et al. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0047771#pone.0047771-Schofield1" target="_blank">[32]</a>.</p>c<p>Estimated from fluid intake records.</p>d<p>Total water intake  =  fluid intake + water content of food + metabolic water.</p

Physical characteristics of the control and Ebar groups before the training course.

<p>Values are mean ± SD.</p>aa<p>Estimated from 12-minute running test: VO₂max (ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹)  =  running distance (m) - 504.9/44.7 <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0047771#pone.0047771-Cooper1" target="_blank">[57]</a>.</p

The experimental protocol.

<p>The experimental protocol.</p

Measurement of charged particle spectra in minimum-bias events from proton-proton collisions at root s =13 TeV

Pseudorapidity, transverse momentum, and multiplicity distributions are measured in the pseudorapidity range vertical bar eta vertical bar 0.5 GeV in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s = 13 TeV. Measurements are presented in three different event categories. The most inclusive of the categories corresponds to an inelastic pp data set, while the other two categories are exclusive subsets of the inelastic sample that are either enhanced or depleted in single diffractive dissociation events. The measurements are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo event generators used to describe high-energy hadronic interactions in collider and cosmic-ray physics.Peer reviewe