Sosialisasi Pengenalan Dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus

Diabetes melitus didefinisikan sebagai kelainan metabolik dengan berbagai etiologi yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia kronis dengan gangguan metabolisme karbohidrat, protein dan lemak yang dihasilkan dari defek pada sekresi insulin, kerja insulin, atau keduanya. Diabetes melitus saat ini menjadi salah satu ancaman kesehatan global. DM dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu DM tipe 1, DM tipe 2, DM gestasional dan DM tipe lain. Penemuan obat diabetes mellitus yang diciptakan juga semakin banyak namun terkadang memiliki efek samping yang tidak kita inginkan. Sehingga melalui penyuluhan ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebaik mungkin agar masyarakat dapat memahami bahwa penting sekali untuk menjaga pola sehat agar terhindar dari penyakit diabetes mellitus. Selama acara berlangsung, Proses sosialisasi berlangsung dengan sangat baik. Untuk memastikan para peserta sosialisasi memahami dan mengerti materi yang telah disampaikan, dilakukan evaluasi pertanyaan mengenai materi dan meminta para peserta untuk mengulang kembali materi yang telah dijelaskan. Sehingga diharapkan para peserta yang lainnya lebih antusias dalam mengikuti penyuluhan dan sesi tanya jawab terhadap materi yang telah disampaika

'Pregnancy comes accidentally - like it did with me': reproductive decisions among women on ART and their partners in rural Uganda

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>As highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) restores health, fertility and sexual activity among HIV-infected adults, understanding how ART influences reproductive desires and decisions could inform interventions to reduce sexual and vertical HIV transmission risk.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We performed a qualitative sub-study among a Ugandan cohort of 1,000 adults on ART with four purposively selected categories of participants: pregnant, not pregnant, delivered, and aborted. In-depth interviews examined relationships between HIV, ART and pregnancy, desire for children, perceived risks and benefits of pregnancy, decision-making regarding reproduction and family planning (FP) among 29 women and 16 male partners. Analysis focused on dominant explanations for emerging themes across and within participant groups.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among those who had conceived, most couples stated that their pregnancy was unintentional, and often occurred because they believed that they were infertile due to HIV. Perceived reasons for women not getting pregnant included: ill health (included HIV infection and ART), having enough children, financial constraints, fear of mother-to-child HIV transmission or transmission to partner, death of a child, and health education. Most women reported FP experiences with condoms and hormonal injections only. Men had limited FP information apart from condoms.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Counselling at ART initiation may not be sufficient to enable women who do not desire children to adopt relevant family planning practices. On-going reproductive health education and FP services, with emphasis on the restoration of fertility after ART initiation, should be integrated into ART programs for men and women.</p

Observation of Top Quark Production in Proton-Nucleus Collisions

Peer reviewe

The many meanings of evidence: a comparative analysis of the forms and roles of evidence within three health policy processes in Cambodia

Background Discussions within the health community routinely emphasise the importance of evidence in informing policy formulation and implementation. Much of the support for the evidence-based policy movement draws from concern that policy decisions are often based on inadequate engagement with high-quality evidence. In many such discussions, evidence is treated as differing only in quality, and assumed to improve decisions if it can only be used more. In contrast, political science scholars have described this as an overly simplistic view of the policy-making process, noting that research ‘use’ can mean a variety of things and rely on nuanced aspects of political systems. An approach more in recognition of how policy-making systems operate in practice can be to consider how institutions and ideas influence which pieces of evidence appear to be relevant for, and are used within, different policy processes. Methods Drawing on in-depth interviews undertaken in 2015/16 with key health sector stakeholders in Cambodia, we investigate the evidence perceived to be relevant to policy decisions for three contrasting health policy examples – tobacco control, HIV/AIDS and performance-based salary incentives. These cases allow us to examine the ways that policy relevant evidence may differ given the framing of the issue and the broader institutional context in which evidence is considered. Results The three health issues show few similarities in how pieces of evidence were used in various aspects of policy-making, despite all being discussed within a broad policy environment in which evidence-based policymaking is rhetorically championed. Instead, we find that evidence use can be better understood by mapping how these health policy issues differ in terms of the issue characteristics, and also in terms of the stakeholders structurally established as having dominant influence for each issue. Both of these have important implications for evidence use. Contrasting concerns of key stakeholders meant that evidence related to differing issues could be understood in terms of how it was policy relevant. The stakeholders involved, however, could further be seen to possess differing logics about how to go about achieving their various outcomes – logics that could further help explain the differences seen in evidence utilisation. Conclusion A comparative approach reiterates that evidence is not a uniform concept for which more is obviously better, but rather illustrates how different constructions and pieces of evidence become relevant in relation to the features of specific health policy decisions. An institutional approach that considers the structural position of stakeholders with differing core goals or objectives, as well as their logics related to evidence utilisation, can further help to understand some of the complexities of evidence use in health policymaking

Characteristics of Gas-Phase Partial Oxidation of Nascent Tar from the Rapid Pyrolysis of Cedar Sawdust at 700−800°C

Volatiles from the rapid pyrolysis of cedar sawdust were subjected in situ to gas-phase thermal cracking in the presence and absence of O2. It was found that O2 influenced the resulting product distribution in completely different manners at 700 and 800 °C. O2 was consumed at 700 °C mainly by the oxidation of tar and light oxygenates, forming CO, CO2, and H2O, unless the ratio of O2/carbon involved in the nascent volatiles (O/C) exceeded 0.7 mol of O/mol of C. On the other hand, the oxidation at 800 °C consumed H2 and lower hydrocarbons selectively, leaving the residual tar yield nearly unchanged. Such different behaviors of O2 were mainly due to the difference in characteristics of thermal cracking of the tar and light oxygenates between 700 and 800 °C. The thermal cracking at 700 °C left the tar with a molecular mass (MM) range up to >1000, which was decomposed in the presence of O2 but incompletely.At 800 °C, the tar was decomposed quickly even in the presence of O2, forming refractory aromatics with a MM range up to 400 together with soot, while light gases were oxidized. A portion of the tar from the cracking at 700 °C was deposited inside a ceramic-fiber filter downstream of the reactor, the temperature of which was 350−500 °C, and the deposit could not be removed mechanically. The entire part of the tar from the cracking at 800 °C was allowed to pass through the filter regardless of O/C. It was thus found that the gas-phase temperature of 700−800 °C was critical to the tar property relevant to dust removal at 350−500 °C