Comparison between ant colony and genetic algorithm using traveling salesman problem

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a complex problem in combinatorial optimization. The aim of this study is compare the effect of using two distributed algorithm which are ant colony as a Swarm intelligence algorithm and genetic algorithm. In ant colony algorithm each individual ant constructs a part of the solution using an artificial pheromone which reflects its experience accumulated while solving the problem and heuristic information dependent on the problem. The results of comparison show that ant colony is high efficient than genetic algorithm and it requires less computational cost and generally only a few lines of code

An overview on leveraging social media technology for uncovering tacit knowledge sharing in an organizational context

Over the years, businesses have transformed from the traditional manufacturing-oriented to service-oriented. Along with this, tacit knowledge has become more crucial as organizations move toward innovation and service orientation. In summary, the knowledge of an organization's workforce is tacit knowledge related to their belief and expertise, which can be difficult to define, given its inexpressible characteristics. The practice of knowledge management is often associated with the use of information systems and the effort to codify, share and create knowledge using relevant knowledge management systems. Although social media is widely adopted by organizations to enhance the effectiveness of knowledge sharing practices, there is still a large amount of uncertainty on whether information systems act as an environment for the sharing of tacit knowledge. The purpose of this study is to understand the significant role of social media in offering tacit knowledge. Wiki, because of its collaborative and conversational bases, was chosen as an example of a social media and the methodology undertaken in this study is literature review. This study contributes to a discussion on the increasingly important role of social media in the dissemination of tacit knowledge in an organizational context

Overview of types of ontology in the software development process

Ontology is a word that has been the subject of many studies. It is an important concept in computer science to formally represent knowledge in a way that software can process the knowledge and reason about it. The software engineering ontology assists in defining information for the exchange of semantic project information frameworks. Research into ontological issues has been widely active in various areas. This paper presents the origin of ontology research and gives the different definitions of ontology. The paper provides an overview of ontology and its types including the building and design for an enterprise system. Finally the paper provides a systematic review of the subject

Overview of knowledge flow in a software development process

Knowledge flow (KF) and workflow have many definitions in the literature. The development of information technology has led many organizations to become more focused on knowledge than on labor because KF is considered complementary to the software development process when used in the software development domain. Knowledge is the most valuable property about any business organization or academic institution; in addition the knowledge flow plays a part in elevating the competitiveness of teams. This paper presents the origin of KF research and its different definitions. It provides an overview of KF and workflow and the interaction mechanism between the two. A systematic review of the subject is also given

View of knowledge flow description

Knowledge flow exists in very nearly in each teamwork, community cooperation environment and now it attracts much consideration, attention in the knowledge management field. In a knowledge-based organization, knowledge workers need to acquire a variety of knowledge (information) about their tasks .Therefore; many organizations have built knowledge support plat forms to assist workers in meeting their knowledge-needs. These platforms help workers to identify and share knowledge in order to speed up organization innovation and improve employee Productivity. The paper gives an over view of knowledge flow, type of knowledge flow, mechanical of knowledge flow, knowledge flow process. This review shows the description of Knowledge flow element and knowledge characteristic. This paper as systematic review of the knowledge flow. Choose the best way according to that

The internet of things software architectural solutions

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an ambiguous term. There are different definitions for this term, ranging from any system that has sensors and actuators to a solitary interconnected network of physical items. This Paper shows that this term does not give enough information to construct a software architecture on. This is accomplished by taking an inside look at the IoT described in literature as well as the types of applications that exist on the market today and using the concept of software architectural styles to show how different areas in the IoT will need varying styles. This paper continued to classify solutions in the Internet of Things into different classes. The outcomes are that for a subset of the classes there is a reasonable style, however for remaining classes there are still different decisions where more context information is needed

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

General domain ontology in enterprise software development process

In software development, it is usually difficult to find the proper software component and customize or integrate it into the body of software. To reduce time and costs of errors produced in development processes, a systematically enriched representation of components is necessary. The main objective of this paper is to propose a general concept of domain ontology to express formally a shared understanding of information; we argue that they can be used to improve knowledge flow in enterprise software development process (SDP). In order to achieve this, we collect and analyse the concepts that have been used in knowledge flow ontology during enterprise software development process. We justify the need of the domain ontology in enterprise software development process. We further implemented the knowledge flow framework in domain ontology and validate it using a model of knowledge flow in software development. We performed a five-step procedure to measure the quality of the proposed knowledge flow framework model indicating that our proposed ontology for knowledge flow improves effectiveness of knowledge acquisition and sharing in software development organizations

Correction: Epidemiology and outcomes of early-onset AKI in COVID-19-related ARDS in comparison with non-COVID-19-related ARDS: insights from two prospective global cohort studies (Critical Care, (2023), 27, 1, (3), 10.1186/s13054-022-04294-5)

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified that the collaborating authors part of the collaborating author group CCCC Consortium was missing. The collaborating author group is available and included as Additional file 1 in this article