Sin tapujos…otra forma de escritura femenina

Since the publication of La Prieta (1981) by the Chicana writer Gloria Anzaldúa and Language and woman’s place (1995 [1975]) by the North American linguist Robin Lakoff, a large part of the research from sociolinguistics has focused on highlighting the negative connotations of women’s language and trying to highlight its positive aspects. In this article I analyze, in the light of the studies proposed by feminist sociolinguistics, the language used in three works by the argentine writer Fernanda García Lao: the novels Amor Invertido (2015), Nación Vacuna (2017) and the poetry book Dolorosa (2017). I begin with a brief review of the trajectory that the studies of the feminist sociolinguist have followed from the sixties to today. Later, I analyze the authoress’s works, which are characterized by the abundant use of dysphemisms (offensive language) that breaks social convention. Here I wish to focus on the treatment of sex in García´s language. I try to determine how the characterization described in the abundant bibliography on the language of women as normative of the feminine gender is assumed by the writer. In the end, I conclude that García Lao’s language is presented as a discursive political strategy that tries to enable another form of openly erotic and provocative feminine poetic language that comes out of the masculine feminine binarism that normalizes individualistic people and ultimately misanthropes. I describe and explain how the authoress’s speech is an expression of a dissident feminism that seeks neither the victimization of the feminine nor the relation between post-feminist sexuality and subjectivity, where representations of femininity and female sexuality works to secure the status quo imposed by the neoliberal / consumerist system. And there is more evidence of a marked influence of Chicano feminism that had as one of its greatest exponents the writer Gloria Anzaldúa

Más allá de la palabra. Miedo y subversión del miedo en los retablos de Sendero Luminoso y la muestra fotográfica Yuyanapaq

In 2003 the final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission TRC of Peru concluded that the most probable number of fatalities during the last two decades of the 20th century exceeded 69 thousand peruvians killed or disappeared at the hands of subversive organizations or by agents of the State. The philosopher and professor Mario Montalbetti, a member of the TRC, issued two reports, one verbal and the other visual, and the gap between the two generated epistemological and political questions regarding the general status of the truth about the violence suffered in those years in Peru «Where was the meaning of what happened? Was it found in the word that testified or in the image that moved? What was each of the two reports trying to communicate? What discourse of memory appears in these? What type of language is chosen to give an account of what happened and to build a story according to the experience of the victims? » (Montalbetti 147).Taking these questions as a premise, I am interested in analyzing two visual archives that bear witness to the horror experienced in Peru during the last two decades of the 20th century: The Retablos de Sendero Luminoso and The transmedia photography project Yuyanapaq. I will try to comment on these two visual archives of memory following the particular contribution to the project of an ethics 'after Auschwitz' that Giorgio Agamben makes in his evocative reconsideration of testimony as an ethics of witnessing the collapse of the human and inhuman. The speech of testimony is instead best named ethical. I will demonstrate how these visual archives of memory have contributed to re-politicize and to perform a society that is recognized as a collective of equals, a little step in the search for a reconciliation apparently still distant.In 2003 the final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission TRC of Peru concluded that the most probable number of fatalities during the last two decades of the 20th century exceeded 69 thousand peruvians killed or disappeared at the hands of subversive organizations or by agents of the State. The philosopher and professor Mario Montalbetti, a member of the TRC, issued two reports, one verbal and the other visual, and the gap between the two generated epistemological and political questions regarding the general status of the truth about the violence suffered in those years in Peru «Where was the meaning of what happened? Was it found in the word that testified or in the image that moved? What was each of the two reports trying to communicate? What discourse of memory appears in these? What type of language is chosen to give an account of what happened and to build a story according to the experience of the victims? » (Montalbetti 147).Taking these questions as a premise, I am interested in analyzing two visual archives that bear witness to the horror experienced in Peru during the last two decades of the 20th century: The Retablos de Sendero Luminoso and The transmedia photography project Yuyanapaq. I will try to comment on these two visual archives of memory following the particular contribution to the project of an ethics 'after Auschwitz' that Giorgio Agamben makes in his evocative reconsideration of testimony as an ethics of witnessing the collapse of the human and inhuman. The speech of testimony is instead best named ethical. I will demonstrate how these visual archives of memory have contributed to re-politicize and to perform a society that is recognized as a collective of equals, a little step in the search for a reconciliation apparently still distant.En 2003 el informe final de la Comisión de la Verdad y la Reconciliación CVR de Perú concluyó que la cifra más probable de víctimas fatales durante las dos últimas décadas del siglo XX superaba los 69 mil peruanos y peruanas muertos o desaparecidos a manos de las organizaciones subversivas o por obra de agentes del Estado. El filósofo y catedrático Mario Montalbetti miembro de la CVR emitió dos informes uno verbal y otro visual y la brecha entre ambos generó preguntas epistemológicas y políticas relativas al estatuto general de la verdad sobre la violencia sufrida en esos años en el Perú «¿Dónde estaba el significado de los sucedido? ¿Se encontraba en la palabra que testimoniaba o en la imagen que conmovía? ¿Qué es lo que cada uno de los dos informes intentaba comunicar? ¿Qué discurso de la memoria aparece en estos? ¿Qué tipo de lenguaje se escoge para dar cuenta de lo sucedido y para construir un relato acorde a la experiencia de las víctimas?» (Montalbetti 147)

Cooperativity of Glucocorticoid Response Elements Located Far Upstream of the Tyrosine Aminotransferase Gene

Two glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) located 2.5 kb upstream of the transcription initiation site of the tyrosine aminotransferase gene were identified by gene transfer experiments and shown to bind to purified glucocorticoid receptor. Although the proximal GRE has no inherent capacity by itself to stimulate transcription, when present in conjunction with the distal GRE, this element synergistically enhances glucocorticoid induction of gene expression. Cooperativity of the two GREs is maintained when they are transposed upstream of a heterologous promoter. An oligonucleotide of 22 bp representing the distal GRE is sufficient to confer glucocorticoid inducibility. As evidenced by the mapping of DNAase I hypersensitive sites, local alterations in the structure of chromatin at the GREs take place as a consequence of hormonal treatment

Opposing spatial trends in methylmercury and total mercury along a peatland chronosequence trophic gradient

Peatlands are abundant elements of boreal landscapes where inorganic mercury (IHg) can be transformed into bioaccumulating and highly toxic methylmercury (MeHg). We studied fifteen peatlands divided into three age lasses (young, intermediate and old) along a geographically constrained chronosequence to determine the role of biogeochemical factors and nutrient availability in controlling the formation of MeHg. In the 10 cm soil layer just below the average annual growing season water table, concentrations of MeHg and %MeHg (of total Hg) were higher in younger, more mesotrophic peatlands than in older, more oligotrophic peatlands. In contrast, total mercury (THg) concentrations were higher in the older peatlands. Partial least squares (PLS) analysis indicates that the net MeHg production was positively correlated to trophic demands of vegetation and an increased availability of potential electron acceptors and donors for Hg methylating microorganisms. An important question for further studies will be to elucidate why there is less THg in the younger peatlands compared to the older peatlands, even though the age of the superficial peat itself is similar for all sites. We hypothesize that ecosystem features which enhance microbial processes involved in Hg methylation also promote Hg reduction that makes previously deposited Hg more available for evasion back to the atmosphere. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Biogeochemical influences on net methylmercury formation proxies along a peatland chronosequence

A geographically constrained chronosequence of peatlands divided into three age classes (young, intermediate and old) was used to explore the role of biogeochemical influences, including electron donors and acceptors as well as chemical speciation of inorganic mercury (Hg(II)), on net formation of methylmercury (MeHg) as approximated by the fraction of MeHg to total mercury (THg) in the peat soil. We hypothesized that removing vascular plants would reduce availability of electron donors and thus net MeHg formation. However, we found no effect of the vascular plant removal. The sum of the potential electron donors (acetate, lactate, propionate and oxalate), the electron donation proxy organic C/Organic N, and the potential electron acceptors (Fe(III), Mn and sulfate) in porewater all showed significant correlations with the net MeHg formation proxies in peat soil (MeHg concentration and %MeHg of THg). Thus differences in both electron donor and acceptor availability may be contributing to the pattern of net MeHg formation along the chronosequence. In contrast, Hg(II) concentrations in peat porewater showed small differences along the gradient. A chemical speciation model successfully predicted the solubility of Hg and MeHg in the porewater. The modeling pointed to an enhanced concentration of Hg-polysulfide species in the younger peatlands as a potential factor behind increased Hg(II) solubility and methylation in the more nutrient-rich peatlands. This work contributes to the understanding of Hg and MeHg cycling in peatlands which can help guide mitigation measures to reduce aquatic MeHg biomagnification in peatland dominated landscapes. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Polycystin-2 takes different routes to the somatic and ciliary plasma membrane

Polycystin-2 goes through the Golgi apparatus when going to the plasma membrane, but bypasses it en route to the ciliary membrane

The Tree Biodiversity Network (BIOTREE-NET): prospects for biodiversity research and conservation in the Neotropics

Biodiversity research and conservation efforts in the tropics are hindered by the lack of knowledge of the assemblages found there, with many species undescribed or poorly known. Our initiative, the Tree Biodiversity Network (BIOTREE-NET), aims to address this problem by assembling georeferenced data from a wide range of sources, making these data easily accessible and easily queried, and promoting data sharing. The database (GIVD ID NA-00-002) currently comprises ca. 50,000 tree records of ca. 5,000 species (230 in the IUCN Red List) from \u3e2,000 forest plots in 11 countries. The focus is on trees because of their pivotal role in tropical forest ecosystems (which contain most of the world\u27s biodiversity) in terms of ecosystem function, carbon storage and effects on other species. BIOTREE-NET currently focuses on southern Mexico and Central America, but we aim to expand coverage to other parts of tropical America. The database is relational, comprising 12 linked data tables. We summarise its structure and contents. Key tables contain data on forest plots (including size, location and date(s) sampled), individual trees (including diameter, when available, and both recorded and standardised species name), species (including biological traits of each species) and the researchers who collected the data. Many types of queries are facilitated and species distribution modelling is enabled. Examining the data in BIOTREE-NET to date, we found an uneven distribution of data in space and across biomes, reflecting the general state of knowledge of the tropics. More than 90% of the data were collected since 1990 and plot size varies widely, but with most less than one hectare in size. A wide range of minimum sizes is used to define a \u27tree\u27. The database helps to identify gaps that need filling by further data collection and collation. The data can be publicly accessed through a web application at http://portal.biotreenet.com. Researchers are invited and encouraged to contribute data to BIOTREE-NET

Increased IKKα Expression in the Basal Layer of the Epidermis of Transgenic Mice Enhances the Malignant Potential of Skin Tumors

Non-melanoma skin cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in humans. In this study we demonstrate that elevated IKKα expression in murine epidermis increases the malignancy potential of skin tumors. We describe the generation of transgenic mice overexpressing IKKα in the basal, proliferative layer of the epidermis and in the outer root sheath of hair follicles. The epidermis of K5-IKKα transgenic animals shows several alterations such as hyperproliferation, mislocalized expression of integrin-α6 and downregulation of the tumor suppressor maspin. Treatment of the back skin of mice with the mitogenic agent 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate causes in transgenic mice the appearance of different preneoplastic changes such as epidermal atypia with loss of cell polarity and altered epidermal tissue architecture, while in wild type littermates this treatment only leads to the development of benign epidermal hyperplasia. Moreover, in skin carcinogenesis assays, transgenic mice carrying active Ha-ras (K5-IKKα-Tg.AC mice) develop invasive tumors, instead of the benign papillomas arising in wild type-Tg-AC mice also bearing an active Ha-ras. Therefore we provide evidence for a tumor promoter role of IKKα in skin cancer, similarly to what occurs in other neoplasias, including hepatocarcinomas and breast, prostate and colorectal cancer. The altered expression of cyclin D1, maspin and integrin-α6 in skin of transgenic mice provides, at least in part, the molecular bases for the increased malignant potential found in the K5-IKKα skin tumors

AIMSurv: First pan-European harmonized surveillance of Aedes invasive mosquito species of relevance for human vector-borne diseases

Human and animal vector-borne diseases, particularly mosquito-borne diseases, are emerging or re-emerging worldwide. Six Aedes invasive mosquito (AIM) species were introduced to Europe since the 1970s: Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus, Ae. koreicus, Ae. atropalpus and Ae. triseriatus. Here, we report the results of AIMSurv2020, the first pan-European surveillance effort for AIMs. Implemented by 42 volunteer teams from 24 countries. And presented in the form of a dataset named “AIMSurv Aedes Invasive Mosquito species harmonized surveillance in Europe. AIM-COST Action. Project ID: CA17108”. AIMSurv2020 harmonizes field surveillance methodologies for sampling different AIMs life stages, frequency and minimum length of sampling period, and data reporting. Data include minimum requirements for sample types and recommended requirements for those teams with more resources. Data are published as a Darwin Core archive in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility- Spain, comprising a core file with 19,130 records (EventID) and an occurrences file with 19,743 records (OccurrenceID). AIM species recorded in AIMSurv2020 were Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus and Ae. koreicus, as well as native mosquito species