Problems and solution offers related to the vocational and technical orientation in Turkey

When we look at the process during which the need for manpower in the sectors related to production, decreased and a system based on automation, was implemented along with the use of technology in the production; the importance of the need of qualified manpower, stands in front of us as a problem that must be solved primarily. The most important step for overcoming these problems, is to make an educational planning and to put it into practice, in which issues such as the interests and requests of the individual in Vocational orientation, environmental conditions, and the state’s economic condition. In today’s economic conditions and labor markets that have gradually become more competitive, individuals have to change their j o bs or even occupations at will or if required throughout their life, and to renew and improve their skills continuously. Therefore, the programs implemented in the institutions that provide Vocational and technical training, should bring extensive and transferable skills to the students as well as occupation-specific skills. A sense of education in the level and equipment that is able to meet the expectations of manufacturing sector, will be a very impo rtant step for the solution of the problems faced in Vocational and technical education orientation in our country. In this study, solution offers concerning the Vocational and Technical Education Orientation, have been suggested according to the present condition and the problems faced

Diffusion bonding of AZ91 using a silver interlayer

Diffusion bonding of AZ91 alloy with a silver interlayer was carried out at 480C for different times under 1 MPa in a vacuum of 2x10^-3Pa. Shear test was applied to measure the shear strengths of the joints in the room temperature. The shear strength values of all bonded samples were found around 65–70 MPa. SEM–EDS studies indicated that the melting occurred along the interface of bonded samples as a result of transfer of atoms between the interlayer and the matrix during bonding. XRD results confirmed that the interlayer dissolved in the interface of joints. Investigations of the fracture surfaces showed that a good bonding was obtained by plastic deformation.BAP

İNANÇ TURİZMİ BAĞLAMINDA KENTSEL TURİZM VE KÜLTÜREL TURİZM: KONYA ÖRNEĞİ

Anadolu kültür ve medeniyetlerin beşiği, mayası ve bir yeryüzü cennetidir. Bu beşikteki medeniyet hamurunun mayası M.Ö 10.000’lerde atılmış ve zenginleşerek tatlı bir kıvamla bugüne kadar gelmiş zengin, cömert bir coğrafi mekân ve destinasyondur. Anadolu’da pek çok kent bu tarihsel mirasa ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Konya, ülkemizin gerek kültürel gerekse de endüstriyel alanında en köklü şehirlerinden biridir. İnsanlık tarihinde bir devrim niteliğinde olan göçebelikten, avcı – toplayıcılıktan yerleşik ve ziraat toplumuna geçişin bu topraklar üzerinde gerçekleştiğini gösteren belgeler Konya Çatalhöyük kazı çalışmalarında ortaya çıkmıştır. Bugünkü dünya medeniyetinin beşiği sayılan Konya, inanç tarihi açısından da önemli bir konuma sahiptir. Çatalhöyük’te M.Ö. 6500’lü yıllarda ortaya çıkan Ana Tanrıça, Kybele kültü paganist dinlerin de ilk nüvesini oluşturmaktadır. Konya diğer dinlere de tarihsel süreç içinde ev sahipliği yapmış bir kenttir. Bu çalışmamızda Konya’da var olan inanç ve kültürel değerler Hıristiyanlık ve İslam dini açılarından değerlendirilerek Kentsel Turizme katkısı üzerinde durulacaktır

ELECTROCOAGULATION PROCESS for SHORT TREATMENT PERIOD of ARSENIC CONTAMINATED WATER

The effective arsenic removal rate was achieved by the electrocoagulation (EC) method. The aim of this paper is to study the arsenic removal by EC method applied for short period and to investigate the effects of current density, pH, salt addition, and conductivity on the removal rate and energy consumption. The EC experiments started in batch mode in 10 L plexiglass reactor with five aluminum electrodes. The electrocoagulation was started with the initial arsenic (As) concentration of 1.00 mg/L. Current intensity and voltage values ranged between 1-2 A and 2-15 V, respectively for the process time of 10 min. The highest As removal rate (99%) was found for 5 V and 1 A current application. 1.29 mA/cm2 current density provided the optimum energy consumption (0.60 Wh) for 99% As removal. Increased removal was noticed above pH 8. Current density, pH, and conductivity were found effective factors on the As removal. © 2021 Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania. All rights reserved

Brucellar Testicular Abscess Presenting as a Testicular Mass: Can Color Doppler Sonography be used in Differentiation?

SUMMARYBrucellosis is an endemic disease in various regions of the world. Testicular abscess is a very rare complication of brucellosis which can be misdiagnosed as a testicular mass and may lead to unnecessary orchiectomy. To our knowledge there are only eight reported cases in the literature of a brucellar testicular abscess. We present a case of testicular abscess due to brucellosis diagnosed with serologic tests and color Doppler sonography, and treated with antibiotics and fine needle aspiration

A case of primary gastric choriocarcinoma and a review of the Turkish literature:An extremely rare carcinoma of the stomach

Primary choriocarcinoma of the stomach is an extremelyrare and highly malignant tumor. A 60 years old man visitedanother hospital for the chief complaint of the stomachacheand black stools. A large ulcero-vegetative tumoroccupying the gastric body and antrum was seen in theupper gastrointestinal endoscopy. It was diagnosed asgastric adenocarcinoma by endoscopic biopsy. The patientadmitted to our hospital for treatment. The patientwas assessed as a gastric adenocarcinoma complicatedwith hemorrhage. In the exploration, it was observed thatthe mass arising from gastric body was invaded the transversecolon and pancreas. The lymphadenopaties in theceliac axis were conglomerated and had invaded the celiacvessels. A subtotal gastrectomy and an extended righthemicolectomy were performed for palliation. In pathologicalfindings, typical characteristics of two cell pattern consistingof syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts wereobserved. The tumor consisted of only choriocarcinoma.For the definite diagnosis of choriocarcinoma, immunohistochemi-cal tests were performed. Beta-HCG andEMA staining were positive. The patient was invited forcontrol because of gastric choriocarcinoma three weekslater surgery. His serum beta-HCG level was 458 mIU/mL(normal range, <0.5 mIU/mL). For the differantiation fromthe primary choriocarcinoma in the testis or mediastinum,testicular ultrasonography and chest CT were performed.Abnormal findings were not detected in the tests, so itwas diagnosed as primary gastric choriocarcinoma. Thepatient refused chemotherapy. Three months later, hehad inguinal lymphadenopaties and multiple metastasesin lung. He died 5 months after surgery because of respiratoryfailure

Management of Non-Deflating Foley Catheter Balloons in Emergency and Urology Clinics: A 5- Year Retrospective Study

Objective: This study aims to discuss the techniques for safely, quickly, and successfully removing transurethral (TU) foley catheter balloons in patients who present to the emergency and urology clinics due to the inability to remove the catheter through normal means, and to contribute options and insights to the literature. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included patients who presented to the emergency department for the inability to remove the TU foley catheter, patients referred to the urology clinic, or patients consulted from other clinics, between January 2017 and September 2022. The treatment methods applied by the urologist in this patient group, hospitalization durations, voiding status, and any developed complications were recorded based on patient files. Results: A total of 22 patients who had a transurethral (TU) catheter inserted for various reasons and were unable to remove it were included in our study. It was found that 7 of the patients had permanent TU catheters due to comorbidities, while the remaining 15 had TU catheters inserted after acute urinary retention. Among them, 2 cases had the catheter removed by cutting the inflation channel, 1 case with the assistance of a guidewire, 2 cases by puncturing the balloon with a needle under transrectal ultrasound guidance, 10 cases by puncturing the catheter balloon with a needle under suprapubic ultrasound guidance, and 7 cases had their catheters removed by laser under anesthesia. Only 1 patient who had the balloon punctured by a needle under transrectal ultrasound guidance developed fever after the procedure and had a total of 5 days of hospitalization, while the others were discharged either immediately after the procedure or 1 day later. Conclusion: Patients with indwelling foley catheters that cannot be removed rarely present to us; however, these patients often come to us in an agitated state after multiple unsuccessful attempts to remove the catheter. Therefore, it is important to know which technique should be applied to this patient group in a faster, appropriate, and reliable manner as soon as possible

Sarkoid donjeg očnog kapka kod magarca (Equus asinus) izazvan bovinim papiloma 2 virusom

Sarcoid tumors were described by means of histopathological and molecular procedures in a 5-year-old donkey. Histopathological examination showed epithelial changes including hyperkeratosis, epithelial hyperplasia, koilocytosis, and rete peg formation. Neoplastic fibroblastic cells were plumb, large spindle to stellate and embedded in dense collagenous tissue. Results of Polymerase Chain Reaction and DNA sequence analysis showed that the etiological agent belonged to Bovine Papilloma Virus-II species in the delta papilloma virus genus. This case study represents the first report demonstrating the presence of Bovine Papilloma Virus-II in donkey sarcoid.Sarkoidi su opisani primenom histopatoloških i molelularanih metoda i procedura kod magarca, starog pet godina. Histopatološko ispitivanje, ukazalo je na promene u epitelu koje su uključivale hiperkeratozu, hiperplaziju epitela, koilocitozu i formiranje invaginacija epitela ptema dubokom dermisu - rete peg. Fibroblastine neoplastične ćelije su bile krupne, ovalnovretenaste i zvezdaste, uronjene u tkivo bogato kolagenom. Ispitivanje PCR metodom kao i rezultati DNK sekvencioniranja pokazali su da je etiološki agens spadao u grupu bovinog papilomavirusa-2 koji pripada rodu delta papilomavirusa. Ova studija predstavlja prvi opisani slučaj prisustva papiloma virusa goveda-2 kod sarkoida magarca

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London