Факторы, определяющие развитие Phytophthora infestans на томате в открытом грунте

Relevance and methods. For the Non-chernozem zone, the main factor for the active development of late blight is the low air temperature and its sharp fluctuations during the day, contributing to the formation of increased air humidity and drip-liquid moisture on the plants. In the Moscow region, the causative agent of late blight is manifested almost annually. Populations of Phytophthora infestans are represented by the To and T1 races. Epiphytotic development was observed periodically (1977-1979, 1982, 1986, 1996-1999, 2000, 2001, 2003-2004, 2008-2009, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019) and was provided by the virulent T1 race. Observations showed that epiphytotic situations arose in those years when the minimum air temperature was below long-term average values, and relative humidity and precipitation exceeded them. With a deviation from the norm in the direction of increasing temperature, decreasing rainfall and relatively low humidity, years were observed with a depressive (1992, 1994) or moderate development of the disease (1980, 1981, 1983, 1985, 1987-1991, 2002, 2005-2007, 2010-2012, 2018). Results. As a result of breeding work, a Grot tomato-tolerant tomato variety was obtained, on the basis of which varieties with high resistance Grand, Dubok, Gnom, Chelnok, Patris, Geya, Zolushka, Perst, Severyanka, Blagodatny were obtained. In the general collection of VIR as a source resistance to leaf spot pathogens were registered: Geya (v.k. 14839), Slavyanka (v.k. 14840), Patrice (v.k. 14841), Rossiyanka (v.k. 14842), Krepysh (v.k. 14843), Sibiryachka (v.k. 14444) and line 1079-94 (v.k. 14845) donors, in addition to their high resistance to late blight, have excellent economic characteristics.Актуальность и методика исследований. Для Нечерноземной зоны основным фактором для активного развития фитофтороза является низкая температура воздуха и резкие колебания ее в течение суток, способствующие образованию повышенной влажности воздуха и капельно-жидкой влаги на растениях. В Подмосковье возбудитель фитофтороза проявляется практически ежегодно. Популяции Phytophthora infestans представлены расами То и Т1. Эпифитотийное развитие наблюдалось периодически (1977-1979, 1982, 1986, 1996-1999, 2000, 2001, 2003-2004, 2008-2009, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019 годы) и обеспечивалось вирулентной расой Т1. Наблюдения показали, что эпифитотийные ситуации возникали в те годы, когда минимальная температура воздуха была ниже средних многолетних значений, а относительная влажность и осадки превышали их. При отклонении от нормы в сторону повышения температуры, уменьшения количества осадков и относительно низкой влажности воздуха наблюдались годы с депрессивным (1992, 1994 годы) или умеренным развитием болезни (1980, 1981, 1983, 1985, 1987-1991, 2002, 2005-2007, 2010-2012, 2018). Результаты. В результате селекционной работы получен толерантный к фитофторозу сорт томата Грот, на основе которого получены сорта с высокой устойчивостью Гранд, Дубок, Гном, Челнок, Патрис, Гея, Золушка, Перст, Северянка, Благодатный. В генколлекции ВИР им. Н.И. Вавилова в качестве источников устойчивости к возбудителям листовых пятнистостей зарегистрированы: Гея (вр.к.14839), Славянка (вр.к.14840), Патрис (вр.к.14841), Россиянка (вр.к. 14842), Крепыш (вр.к. 14843), Сибирячка (вр.к.14844) и линия 1079-94 (вр.к. 14845). Полученные нами доноры кроме высокой устойчивости к фитофторозу имеют прекрасные хозяйственные характеристики

EFFICIENCY OF «AB INTERNO» TRABECULECTOMY USING THE «TRABECTOME» OPERATING SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA AND CATARACT

Purpose.  To study dynamics of intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and cataract patients after «ab interno» trabeculectomy with the use of the «Trabectome» system. Material and methods. There were operated 52 patients (63 eyes) with open-angle glaucoma. The IOP level was determined using the Maklakov tonometer before operation and 1 week, 2 weeks, 3-5, 6-8, 9-12, 13-26, 27 and more weeks after operation. Results.  In patients with cataract and glaucoma the mean IOP before operation was 26.1±3.23mmHg and after operation – 20.5±3.23mmHg in the mean follow-up 173± 170.2 days. Conclusions. «Ab interno» trabeculectomy with the use of the «Trabectome» operating system allowed to decrease the IOP by 21.5% in glaucoma patients. It is possible because of microinvasive removal of the trabecular tissue as the main reason for a resistance to the aqueous humor outflow in open-angle glaucoma patients

Electron paramagnetic resonance and quantitative color investigations of various vacuum heat treated wood species

© Kazan Federal University (KFU). The effect of the heat treatment duration on the electron paramagnetic resonance signal amplitude of free radicals for various wood species was observed. It was found that the amplitude of the electron paramagnetic resonance signal grows linearly with the vacuum heat treatment duration. The quantitative measurements of color changes for various wood species (pine, spruce, larch, birch and small-leaved lime) were performed. It is found that results of EPR experiments and color measurements of heat treated samples correlate with each other

Transverse sphericity of primary charged particles in minimum bias proton-proton collisions at s=0.9\sqrt{s}=0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV

Measurements of the sphericity of primary charged particles in minimum bias proton--proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=0.9$, 2.76 and 7 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC are presented. The observable is linearized to be collinear safe and is measured in the plane perpendicular to the beam direction using primary charged tracks with $p_{\rm T}\geq0.5$ GeV/c in $|\eta|\leq0.8$. The mean sphericity as a function of the charged particle multiplicity at mid-rapidity ($N_{\rm ch}$) is reported for events with different $p_{\rm T}$ scales ("soft" and "hard") defined by the transverse momentum of the leading particle. In addition, the mean charged particle transverse momentum versus multiplicity is presented for the different event classes, and the sphericity distributions in bins of multiplicity are presented. The data are compared with calculations of standard Monte Carlo event generators. The transverse sphericity is found to grow with multiplicity at all collision energies, with a steeper rise at low $N_{\rm ch}$, whereas the event generators show the opposite tendency. The combined study of the sphericity and the mean $p_{\rm T}$ with multiplicity indicates that most of the tested event generators produce events with higher multiplicity by generating more back-to-back jets resulting in decreased sphericity (and isotropy). The PYTHIA6 generator with tune PERUGIA-2011 exhibits a noticeable improvement in describing the data, compared to the other tested generators.Comment: 21 pages, 9 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 16, published version, figures from http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/308

Charge separation relative to the reaction plane in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}= 2.76 TeV

Measurements of charge dependent azimuthal correlations with the ALICE detector at the LHC are reported for Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76$ TeV. Two- and three-particle charge-dependent azimuthal correlations in the pseudo-rapidity range $|\eta| < 0.8$ are presented as a function of the collision centrality, particle separation in pseudo-rapidity, and transverse momentum. A clear signal compatible with a charge-dependent separation relative to the reaction plane is observed, which shows little or no collision energy dependence when compared to measurements at RHIC energies. This provides a new insight for understanding the nature of the charge dependent azimuthal correlations observed at RHIC and LHC energies.Comment: 12 pages, 3 captioned figures, authors from page 2 to 6, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/286

A note on comonotonicity and positivity of the control components of decoupled quadratic FBSDE

In this small note we are concerned with the solution of Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (FBSDE) with drivers that grow quadratically in the control component (quadratic growth FBSDE or qgFBSDE). The main theorem is a comparison result that allows comparing componentwise the signs of the control processes of two different qgFBSDE. As a byproduct one obtains conditions that allow establishing the positivity of the control process.Comment: accepted for publicatio

Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum range 0.7 $< p_{\rm{T}, assoc} < p_{\rm{T}, trig} <$ 5.0 GeV/$c$ is examined, to include correlations induced by jets originating from low momen\-tum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range $|\eta|<0.9$. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent fragmentation of multiple parton--parton scatterings, while the yield related to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton interactions even in the highest multiplicity p-Pb collisions. Further, the number scales in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation.Comment: 23 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 17, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/161

Multi-particle azimuthal correlations in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Measurements of multi-particle azimuthal correlations (cumulants) for charged particles in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions are presented. They help address the question of whether there is evidence for global, flow-like, azimuthal correlations in the p-Pb system. Comparisons are made to measurements from the larger Pb-Pb system, where such evidence is established. In particular, the second harmonic two-particle cumulants are found to decrease with multiplicity, characteristic of a dominance of few-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions. However, when a $|\Delta \eta|$ gap is placed to suppress such correlations, the two-particle cumulants begin to rise at high-multiplicity, indicating the presence of global azimuthal correlations. The Pb-Pb values are higher than the p-Pb values at similar multiplicities. In both systems, the second harmonic four-particle cumulants exhibit a transition from positive to negative values when the multiplicity increases. The negative values allow for a measurement of $v_{2}\{4\}$ to be made, which is found to be higher in Pb-Pb collisions at similar multiplicities. The second harmonic six-particle cumulants are also found to be higher in Pb-Pb collisions. In Pb-Pb collisions, we generally find $v_{2}\{4\} \simeq v_{2}\{6\}\neq 0$ which is indicative of a Bessel-Gaussian function for the $v_{2}$ distribution. For very high-multiplicity Pb-Pb collisions, we observe that the four- and six-particle cumulants become consistent with 0. Finally, third harmonic two-particle cumulants in p-Pb and Pb-Pb are measured. These are found to be similar for overlapping multiplicities, when a $|\Delta\eta| > 1.4$ gap is placed.Comment: 25 pages, 11 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 20, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/87

Healthformation of junior schoolchildren on the basis of the medium approach to the organization of motor activity

Статья содержит теоретические и практическое материалы, обосновывающие эффективность средового подход к организации двигательной активности младших школьников в решении задач физического развития и активного здоровьеформирования младших школьников.The article contains theoretical and practical materials justifying the effectiveness of the medium approach to the organization of motor activity of junior schoolchildren in solving the problems of physical development and active health formation of junior schoolchildren

Elliptic flow of charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV

We report the first measurement of charged particle elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region (|$\eta$|<0.8) and transverse momentum range 0.2< $p_{\rm T}$< 5.0 GeV/$c$. The elliptic flow signal v$_2$, measured using the 4-particle correlation method, averaged over transverse momentum and pseudorapidity is 0.087 $\pm$ 0.002 (stat) $\pm$ 0.004 (syst) in the 40-50% centrality class. The differential elliptic flow v$_2(p_{\rm T})$ reaches a maximum of 0.2 near $p_{\rm T}$ = 3 GeV/$c$. Compared to RHIC Au-Au collisions at 200 GeV, the elliptic flow increases by about 30%. Some hydrodynamic model predictions which include viscous corrections are in agreement with the observed increase.Comment: 10 pages, 4 captioned figures, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/389