5 research outputs found

    Oral disease burden of dentate older adults living in long-term care facilities: FINORAL study

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    Background A growing number of older adults have natural teeth and are at high risk of oral diseases, which are induced by oral bacterial accumulation and proceed unnoticed and quietly. Our aim was (1) to examine the association of oral disease burden (ODB) with health and functioning among dentate long-term care residents, and (2) to find easily detectable signs for nurses to identify residents' poor oral health. Methods In this cross-sectional observational study dentists examined 209 residents' oral status, and nurses assessed residents for their functioning and nutrition in long-term care facilities in Helsinki, Finland. ODB was defined by asymptotic dental score (ADS). Six clinical signs of residents' poor oral health were considered as potentially easy for nurses to detect: lesions on lips, teeth with increased mobility, lesions on oral mucosa, eating soft or pureed food, unclear speech, and needing assistance in eating. The association of these was tested with high ODB as outcome. Results Participants were grouped according to their ADS scores: low (n = 39), moderate (n = 96) and high ODB (n = 74). ODB was linearly associated with coronary artery disease and poor cognitive and physical functioning: needing assistance in eating, poor ability to make contact, and unclear speech but not with other diseases including dementia or demographic characteristics. Furthermore, ODB was linearly associated with eating soft or pureed food. Of the six selected, easily detectable signs, having at least two positive signs gave 89% sensitivity to detecting high ODB. Conclusion Poor oral health was common and ODB accumulated among residents with poor functioning. Nurses may use a few easily detectable signs to screen residents' oral health when considering a resident's need for consultation with an oral health professional.Peer reviewe

    Makeup the responsibility : Relationships management on social media

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    I samband med att dagens konsumenter blir allt mer medvetna om de globala, sociala och miljömÀssiga konsekvenser som vÄr konsumtion medför, har det pÄ senare Är stÀllt större krav ett pÄ företagens arbetssÀtt mot ett mer hÄllbart och etiskt verksamhetsutövande. Av denna anledning har företagens ansvarstagande för miljön och samhÀllet blivit en central frÄga i företagsekonomiska diskussioner, Àven kÀnt som Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Syftet med CSR- strategier Àr att ett företag, pÄ eget bevÄg integrerar sociala, miljömÀssiga, ekonomiska eller/och etiska hÀnsyn i sin affÀrsmodell, samt i relation till intressenter, utöver vad lagen krÀver. CSR blir allt vanligare bland företag att anvÀnda som ett verktyg för att kommunicera sitt CSR-arbete Àr via sociala medier. Den ökade anvÀndningen av sociala medier har förÀndrat kommunikationen för bÄde företag och konsumenter, dÄ det har skapat nya möjligheter att integrera med varandra. AnvÀndningen av sociala medier kan dÀrmed vara ett effektivt verktyg inom marknadskommunikation, dÄ det kan anvÀndas som en direkt kommunikation till sina mÄlgrupper, samt anvÀndas för att bygga, bevara och vÄrda relationen till sina konsumenter. Vidare har sociala mediers anvÀndning ocksÄ ökat transparensen, dÄ det skapar en tillgÀnglighet till information om företag, som konsumenter tidigare inte fÄtt tillgÄng till. Detta stÀller dÀrmed krav pÄ att företagens marknadskommunikation, inte minst inom CSR hanteras effektivt, dÄ CSR Àr ett starkt debatterat Àmne bland dagens konsumenter. MÄnga företag ser möjligheterna med att anvÀnda sociala medier, dÀremot om det inte anvÀnds eller hanteras rÀtt, kan det likvÀl visa sig vara ett hinder som det Àr en fördel. Eftersom sociala medier skapar en möjlighet för konsumenter att lÀmna feedback, som i mÄnga fall inom CSR kan vara negativt, skapar det ocksÄ möjligheten till att enkelt sprida Negative Word of Mouth (NWOM), dvs negativa budskap om ett företag. Att kommunicera CSR pÄ sociala medier kan sÄledes upplevas som en utmaning för företag. Kan företag hantera sociala medier kan det anvÀndas som ett effektivt marknadskommunikationsverktyg. DÀrför Àr det betydelsefullt att anvÀnda tydliga strategier som kan hantera möjliga konflikter som kan uppstÄ i samband med diskussioner om CSR pÄ sociala medier. Behandlar företag inte konflikterna kan det pÄverka konsumenters attityder och köpintentioner, och slutligen deras relationer till ett varumÀrke. Syftet med studien Àr att undersöka och observera strategier inom marknadskommunikation med CSR-inriktning pÄ sociala mediet Facebook [Facebooksidor]. Vidare kartlÀgger studien möjliga utmaningar som de observerade strategierna medför inom kosmetikabranschen, i syfte med att fÄ en ökad förstÄelse för strategihanteringar inom marknadskommunikation. För att undersöka CSR-kommunikation pÄ sociala medier har studien avgrÀnsats till kosmetikabranschen som en empirisk kontext, dÄ det i dagslÀget pÄgÄr stora diskussioner om CSR inom branschen. Studien resulterade i en CSR-integrerad relationshanteringsmodell och som observerade tvÄ huvudkategorier: Verbala och Icke-verbala relationshanteringsstrategier. Dessa innefattar fyra olika hanteringsstrategier; tillmötesgÄende, defensiv, censurerande och oengagerade. Studien resulterade Àven i vilka utmaningar, dvs svÄrigheter företag har nÀr de anvÀnder sociala medier [Facebooksidor] inom CSR. Det observerade tre omfattade utmaningar; (1), det Àr svÄrt att kompensera en missnöjd konsument Àmnen inom CSR gÄr bortom transaktionen och Àr mer baserat pÄ en individs emotioner. DÄ CSR Àr ett komplext Àmne, blir det utmanande för företaget att kompensera en missnöjd kund dÄ CSR handlar om att integrera socialt och miljömÀssigt ansvarstagande i hela företagets affÀrsmodell. (2) CSR-diskussioner Àr svÄra att hantera för företag med traditionella kundservice-strategier inom social media marketing och webcare. (3) Företag som inte har CSR integrerat i sin affÀrsmodell frÄn grunden har svÄrt att skapa, bevara och vÄrda relationen till sina konsumenter inom CSR-diskussioner.As today's consumers become increasingly aware of the global, social and environmental consequences that our consumption brings, has in recent years influenced companies' way towards business ethics and sustainability. Therefore, corporate responsibility for the environment and society has become a central subject in business decisions, also known as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The purpose of CSR is to encourage and integrate the work of ethical, financial, social and environmental aspects of business processes, and in relation to stakeholders, in addition to what the law requires. One tool that is becoming more common among companies when communicating their CSR work, is via social media. The increased use of social media has changed the communication for both companies and consumers, as it has created new opportunities to integrate with one another. The use of social media can thus be an effective tool in market communication, as it can be used as a direct communication tool to its target groups, as well as be used to build, maintain and nurture the relationship with its consumers. In addition, social media has increased the transparency, as it creates accessibility to information, whereas the consumers have more information and insight about companies today. Which demands on companies' marketing communications to be handled effectively, not least in the field of CSR, since social responsibility is a highly debated topic among today's consumers. Companies are becoming more aware of the possibilities of using social media, however, if it is not used or handled properly, it can also prove to be an obstacle as it is an advantage. Since social media creates an opportunity for consumers to provide feedback, which in many cases within CSR can be negative, it can also create the opportunity to easily spread Negative Word of Mouth (NWOM). Thus, communicating CSR on social media can therefore be a challenge for companies. If companies can manage social media, it can be used as an effective marketing communication tool. Therefore, it is important to use strategies that can handle possible conflicts that may arise in discussions of CSR on social media. If it is not handled, it can affect consumers' attitudes and purchase intentions, and ultimately their relationships with a brand. The purpose of this study is to investigate and observe strategies in market communication with CSR discussions on the social media platform, Facebook [Facebook pages]. Furthermore, identify possible challenges that the observed strategies pose, with the aim of gaining an increased understanding of strategy management in market communication. To study CSR communication on social media, the study has delimited to the cosmetics industry, as an empirical context, due to currently great discussions about CSR among consumers. The study resulted in a CSR-integrated relationship management model and observed two main categories: Verbal and non-verbal relationship management strategies. which includes four different management strategies; accommodating, defensive, censorship and non-engaging. The study also resulted in different difficulties companies have when using social media [Facebook pages] within the field of CSR. It observed three major difficulties/challenges; (1) It is difficult to satisfy a displeased consumer within the concept of CSR, due to the concept of CSR goes beyond the transaction and it is more based on an individual's emotions. As CSR is a complex subject, the difficulty of compensating a dissatisfied customer becomes challenging as CSR is about integrating social and environmental responsibility into the entire business model. (2) CSR discussions are difficult to manage for companies with traditional customer service strategies in social media marketing and webcare. (3) Companies that do not have integrated CSR into their business model from start, finds it difficult to create, maintain and nurture the relationship with their consumers within CSR discussions

    Advancements in Host-Based Interventions for Influenza Treatment

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