42 research outputs found

    Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 as a common molecular driver in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and chronic immune-mediated liver damage

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    Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are functional molecules that orchestrate gene expression. To identify lncRNAs involved in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) severity, we performed a multiscale study that included: (a) systems biology modeling that indicated metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) as a candidate lncRNA for exploring disease-related associations, (b) translational exploration in the clinical setting, and (c) mechanistic modeling. MALAT1 liver profiling was performed in three consecutive phases, including an exploratory stage (liver samples from patients with NAFLD who were morbidly obese [n = 47] and from 13 individuals with normal liver histology); a replication stage (patients with NAFLD and metabolic syndrome [n =49]); and a hypothesis-driven stage (patients with chronic hepatitis C and autoimmune liver diseases, [n = 65]). Liver abundance of MALAT1 was associated with NAFLD severity (P = 1 × 10-6); MALAT1 expression levels were up-regulated 1.75-fold (P = 0.029) and 3.6-fold (P = 0.012) in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis compared to those diagnosed with simple steatosis (discovery and replication set, respectively; analysis of covariance adjusted by age, homeostasis model assessment, and body mass index). Quantification of liver vascular endothelial growth factor A messenger RNA, a target of MALAT1, revealed a significant correlation between the two RNAs (R, 0.58; P = 5 × 10-8). Increased levels of MALAT1 were also associated with autoimmune liver diseases. Interactome assessment uncovered significant biological pathways, including Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription and response to interferon-γ. Conclusion: Deregulated expression of MALAT1 stratifies patients into the histologic phenotypes associated with NAFLD severity. MALAT1 up-regulation seems to be a common molecular mechanism in immune-mediated chronic inflammatory liver damage. This suggests that convergent pathophenotypes (inflammation and fibrosis) share similar molecular mediators.Fil: Sookoian, Silvia Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Flichman, Diego Martin. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Garaycoechea, Martin E.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic; ArgentinaFil: San Martino, Julio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Castaño, Gustavo Osvaldo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital "Dr. Abel Zubizarreta"; ArgentinaFil: Pirola, Carlos José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentin

    El uso de los mallines en el noroeste de la provincia de Santa Cruz: prácticas en territorio como estrategia de vinculación para mejorar la productividad

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    Los mallines constituyen el principal recurso productivo de la Patagonia árida, principalmente de los sistemas ganaderos extensivos. La producción de forraje en estos ambientes está relacionada con la presencia de agua, ya sea subsuperficial, o bien como cursos de agua y lagunas (Mazzoni y Vázquez, 2004). Aunque los mallines son áreas de baja representación en términos de superficie (entre 1,5 a 2% y puede llegar hasta 8% en algunas zonas; Easdale, y Gaitan, 2010), contribuyen en un alto porcentaje de la demanda de forraje de un establecimiento. Específicamente los mallines “dulces”1 de Patagonia sur pueden producir entre 2.500 y 6.000 kilogramos de materia seca por hectárea por año (Kg/MS/Año), según su condición (Lloyd, 2002; San Martino, 2003). Es en este contexto que el manejo, cuidado y mejoramiento de los mallines se instala como una herramienta productiva, en tanto posibilita al productor garantizar el acceso de alimento a los animales. Sin embargo, en estos sistemas se observa que predomina un uso indiferenciado de los mallines respecto del resto de las superficies del campo (San Martino, 2003). Son aislados los casos donde se busca independizar y subdividir el mallín, práctica que favorece la productividad y conservación del pastizal natural a la vez que permite un mejor aprovechamiento del forraje producido (Giraudo, et al., 2013; Buono, et al., 2009). A partir de reconocer las características de los actores del territorio, marcadas por su historia e idiosincrasia, la estrategia de extensión se ha centrado en una tarea o trabajo individual para luego aprovechar estas experiencias con otros actores. En este sentido, se planteó como objetivo general del trabajo generar estrategias de vinculación con los productores. Para ello, se decidió instalar una parcela demostrativa en la cual evaluar la respuesta del mallín a la propuesta de intervención acordada con el productor. Dado que estos pastizales húmedos desarrollados en los fondos de los valles y otras depresiones, pueden ser intervenidos con el fin de aumentar su productividad y calidad, se presentaron alternativas para ser consideradas por el productor. Dicha propuesta consistió en utilizar dos prácticas: la fertilización como tecnología de manejo para mejorar el mallín y el alambrado eléctrico para separar la parcela y determinar el comportamiento de los animales desde un punto de vista etológico durante la experiencia. En esta instancia, la experiencia de acercar mejoras tecnológicas a los actores del territorio, se instala como alternativa de transferencia del conocimiento técnico obtenido a partir de la asistencia técnica individual (Livraghi, 2017) y el uso de unidades demostrativas (Milicevic, 2017). Las tecnologías propuestas tienen costos y deben ser consideradas en base a los posibles beneficios que se pueden conseguir. En este sentido, si bien las prácticas que se pueden implementar para mejorar los mallines serán diferentes por la naturaleza de cada sitio, se puede decir que, en general, la fertilización mejora dicha la productividad (San Martino, 2003) y el alambre eléctrico permite implementar esta práctica a costos inferiores respecto al alambre tradicional (Giraudo, et al., 2013; Buono, et al., 2009). Desde este lugar, se considera importante considerar en presente informe los resultados de la experiencia compartida y realizada, en tanto pueden ser compartidos y considerados por otros técnicos y productores.EEA Santa CruzFil: Mora, Julio Cesar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz. Agencia de Extensión Rural Los Antiguos; ArgentinaFil: San Martino, Liliana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz. Agencia de Extensión Rural Los Antiguos; ArgentinaFil: Roa, Martin Angel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz. Agencia de Extensión Rural Los Antiguos; ArgentinaFil: Marriault, Carlos Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz. Oficina de Información Técnica Perito Moreno; Argentin

    Splice variant rs72613567 prevents worst histologic outcomes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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    Hydroxysteroid 17-β dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) is a lipid droplet-associated protein; its gene-encoding variants affect the chronic liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To estimate the effect of rs72613567, a splice variant with an adenine insertion (A-INS), on NAFLD susceptibility and severity, we performed a case-control study with 609 individuals. We investigated the effect of carrying the A-INS allele in 356 patients with biopsy-proven disease and explored the relationship between rs72613567 genotypes and the hepatic transcriptome. The A-INS allele protected against NAFLD [odds ratio (OR) per adenine allele = 0.667; 95% CI, 0.486−0.916; P = 0.012]; this effect was nonsignificant when logistic regression analysis included BMI. The A-INS allele protected against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (OR = 0.612; 95% CI, 0.388−0.964; P = 0.033), ballooning degeneration (OR = 0.474; 95% CI, 0.267−0.842; P = 0.01), lobular inflammation (OR = 0.475; 95% CI, 0.275−0.821; P = 0.007), and fibrosis (OR = 0.590; 95% CI, 0.361−0.965; P = 0.035). In patients carrying A-INS, HSD17B13 levels decreased proportionally to allele dosage. Whole-transcriptome genotype profiling showed overrepresented immune response-related pathways. Thus, the rs72613567 A-INS allele reduces the risk of NASH and progressive liver damage and may become a therapeutic target.Fil: Pirola, Carlos José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic; ArgentinaFil: Garaycoechea, Martin. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic; ArgentinaFil: Flichman, Diego Martin. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Arrese, Marco. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: San Martino, Julio. Hospital Diego Thompson; ArgentinaFil: Gazzi, Carla. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Casta&ntildeo, Gustavo O. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital "Dr. Abel Zubizarreta"; ArgentinaFil: Sookoian, Silvia Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentin

    Epigenetic Modifications in the Biology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Role of DNA-Hydroxymethylation and TET Proteins

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    The 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) is an epigenetic modification whose role in the pathogenesis of metabolic-related complex diseases remains unexplored; 5-hmC appears to be prevalent in the mitochondrial genome. The Ten-Eleven-Translocation (TET) family of proteins is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hmC. We hypothesized that epigenetic editing by 5-hmC might be a novel mechanism through which nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated molecular traits could be explained. Hence, we performed an observational study to explore global levels of 5-hmC in fresh liver samples of patients with NAFLD and controls (n = 90) using an enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay and immunohistochemistry. We also screened for genetic variation in TET 1–3 loci by next generation sequencing to explore its contribution to the disease biology. The study was conducted in 2 stages (discovery and replication) and included 476 participants. We observed that the amount of 5-hmC in the liver of both NAFLD patients and controls was relatively low (up to 0.1%); a significant association was found with liver mitochondrial DNA copy number (R = 0.50, P = 0.000382) and PPARGC1A-mRNA levels (R = −0.57, P = 0.04). We did not observe any significant difference in the 5-hmC nuclear immunostaining score between NAFLD patients and controls; nevertheless, we found that patients with NAFLD (0.4 ± 0.5) had significantly lower nonnuclear-5-hmC staining compared with controls (1.8 ± 0.8), means ± standard deviation, P = 0.028. The missense p.Ile1123Met variant (TET1-rs3998860) was significantly associated with serum levels of caspase-generated CK-18 fragment-cell death biomarker in the discovery and replication stage, and the disease severity (odds ratio: 1.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.10–1.97; P = 0.005). The p.Ile1762Val substitution (TET2-rs2454206) was associated with liver PPARGC1A-methylation and transcriptional levels, and Type 2 diabetes. Our results suggest that 5-hmC might be involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD by regulating liver mitochondrial biogenesis and PPARGC1A expression. Genetic diversity at TET loci suggests an “epigenetic” regulation of programmed liver-cell death and a TET-mediated fine-tuning of the liver PPARGC1A-transcriptional program.Fil: Pirola, Carlos José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Scian, Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Fernández Gianotti, Tomás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Dopazo, Hernán Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Rohr, Cristian Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: San Martino, Julio. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Municipal Dr. Diego Thompson; ArgentinaFil: Castaño, Gustavo Osvaldo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital "Dr. Abel Zubizarreta"; ArgentinaFil: Sookoian, Silvia Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentin

    Circulating microRNA signature in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: from serum non-coding RNAs to liver histology and disease pathogenesis

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    OBJECTIVES: We used a screening strategy of global serum microRNA (miRNA) profiling, followed by a second stage of independent replication and exploration of liver expression of selected miRNAs to study: (1) the circulating miRNA signature associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression and predictive power, (2) the role of miRNAs in disease biology and (3) the association between circulating miRNAs and features of the metabolic syndrome. METHODS: The study used a case-control design and included patients with NAFLD proven through biopsy and healthy controls. RESULTS: Among 84 circulating miRNAs analysed, miR-122, miR-192, miR-19a and miR-19b, miR-125b, and miR-375 were upregulated >2-fold (p<0.05) either in simple steatosis (SS) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The most dramatic and significant fold changes were observed in the serum levels of miR-122 (7.2-fold change in NASH vs controls and 3.1-fold change in NASH vs SS) and miR-192 (4.4-fold change in NASH vs controls); these results were replicated in the validation set. The majority of serum miR-122 circulate in argonaute2-free forms. Circulating miR-19a/b and miR-125b were correlated with biomarkers of atherosclerosis. Liver miR-122 expression was 10-fold (p<0.03) downregulated in NASH compared with SS and was preferentially expressed at the edge of lipid-laden hepatocytes. In vitro exploration showed that overexpression of miR-122 enhances alanine aminotransferase activity. CONCLUSIONS: miR-122 plays a role of physiological significance in the biology of NAFLD; circulating miRNAs mirror the histological and molecular events occurring in the liver. NAFLD has a distinguishing circulating miRNA profile associated with a global dysmetabolic disease state and cardiovascular risk.Fil: Pirola, Carlos Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Gianotti, Tomas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Castaño, Gustavo Osvaldo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mallardi, Pablo. Hospital Diego Thompson; ArgentinaFil: San Martino, Julio. Hospital Diego Thompson; ArgentinaFil: González López Ledesma, María Mora. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Flichman, Diego Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Mirshahi, Faridodin. Virginia Commonwealth University; Estados UnidosFil: Sanyal, Arun J.. Virginia Commonwealth University; ArgentinaFil: Sookoian, Silvia Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital "Dr. Abel Zubizarreta"; Argentin

    Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

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    Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

    Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

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    Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

    Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

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    This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

    Punción por aspiración con aguja fina comparada con histología definitiva en tumores de cabeza y cuello Fine needle aspiration puncture compared to definitive histology in head and neck tumors

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    Se estudió retrospectivamente una serie de 432 pacientes con tumores de cabeza y cuello diagnosticados mediante punción por aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF), entre 1999 y 2004. Se analizaron la especificidad, sensibilidad y valor predictivo del método (100 %, 93 % y 100 % respectivamente). Se estableció la correlación entre la citología preoperatoria y la histología definitiva en el 69,3 % de los casos. En 204 casos (47,2 %) el diagnóstico etiológico presuntivo preoperatorio informado por la PAAF coincidió con la biopsia diferida. La PAAF constituye el primer paso diagnóstico en el estudio de un tumor de cabeza y cuello. Se trata de un método rápido, de sencilla ejecución, bajo coste y complicaciones leves e infrecuentes. Su valor predictivo con respecto al diagnóstico de certeza debe ser determinado mediante el análisis de series más numerosas, para reducir así el número de procedimientos invasivos en el estudio de estos tumore
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